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Haikou, China Broadcasting Network, March 20 th Recently, Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd. was suspected of increasing the price outside the price, which caused widespread concern after being exposed by the media. On the morning of March 20th, the reporter learned from Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration that the market supervision department planned to impose an administrative penalty of 450,000 yuan for the company’s price fraud that refused to fulfill its price commitment without justifiable reasons, and put it on the list of serious violations of law and dishonesty.

Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus 4S Store (photo by Yang Guangwang reporter Cai Wenjuan)

In January this year, Mr. Wang, a citizen, ordered a car in Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus 4S store (affiliated to Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus Automobile Sales and Service Co., Ltd.). After signing the contract and paying the deposit, the salesman asked for an additional service fee of 100,000 yuan as a condition for picking up the car. After being rejected by Mr. Wang, the salesperson unilaterally returned the car purchase deposit. After the competent departments of commerce, market supervision and other industries in Haikou intervened in the investigation, on March 14th, the 4S store issued an apology statement and dismissed the customer service manager involved.

Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment of Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration (photo by Yang Guangwang reporter Cai Wenjuan)

On March 20th, a notice that Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration was included in the list of serious violations of law and dishonesty (hereinafter referred to as the "notice") was circulated on the Internet. After verification by the reporter, it was confirmed as the relevant documents issued by Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration.

The "Notice" shows that Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd. failed to fulfill its price commitment and put forward an unreasonable request to raise the price by 100,000 yuan beyond the agreed price. After the consumer Wang refused, he unilaterally returned the deposit. Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd. is suspected of violating Item 4 of Article 14 of the Price Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Item 3 of Article 2 and Item 5 of Article 19 of the Provisions on Clearly Marking Prices and Prohibiting Price Fraud, which constitutes a price fraud that refuses to fulfill the price commitment without justifiable reasons. According to Article 23 of the Provisions on Clearly Marking Prices and Prohibiting Price Fraud and Article 7 of the Provisions on Administrative Penalties for Price Violations, Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration intends to impose an administrative penalty of RMB 450,000 on Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd..

According to Article 2, Paragraph 2, Item 1 and Article 9, Item 6 of the Measures for the Administration of Market Supervision and Management of Serious Violations of Law and Trustworthiness, it is now decided to include Haikou Zhongsheng Lexus Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd. in the list of serious violations of law and trustworthiness, publicize it to the public through the national enterprise credit information publicity system, and implement corresponding management measures. The inclusion period is three years from the date of inclusion.

On the morning of the same day, Yuan Renxiang, a case handler of the Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment of Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration, introduced in an interview that after receiving the case clue letter forwarded by Haikou Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration immediately organized the case handlers to go to the scene to investigate and collect evidence and issue handling opinions. During the period, the case-handling personnel collected complaints related to the 4S shop since 2019, and found no similar situation. At the same time, during the investigation, the case-handling personnel contacted Mr. Wang many times, but they failed to get in touch, which also caused certain difficulties in the investigation process.

The case-handling personnel were interviewed by reporters (photo by Yang Guangwang reporter Cai Wenjuan)

Yuan Renxiang said that at present, the relevant investigation results have come out, and the Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration has also issued a Notice, which was delivered to the person in charge of the enterprise involved on the evening of March 19.

Li Kexiong, the captain of the Fourth Brigade of the Market Supervision Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment of Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration, said that the case is still being processed. After the Notice is delivered to the enterprises involved, the enterprises have five working days to appeal. After 5 working days, if there are no other circumstances, the market supervision department will issue a "Penalty Decision" in accordance with relevant procedures.

The relevant person in charge of the office of Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Administration told the reporter that the market supervision department has not strictly defined the behavior of adding value-added service fees to some businesses. "Any fee must be clearly marked and the service content is clear. Sales staff should inform consumers in advance before charging, and consumers have the right to choose to accept or refuse. " The person in charge said.

The person in charge reminded consumers not to trust the verbal promises of the merchants when buying a car, but to sign a car purchase contract, pay attention to whether the terms of the car purchase contract are complete, clearly stipulate the necessary elements of the purchased car, and list the total price, payment method and time limit of the vehicle transaction, delivery method and time limit of the vehicle, as well as the handling of quality disputes and objections and the liability for breach of contract, so as to avoid the difficulty of proof when defending rights and earnestly safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.

(The original title is "Haikou Municipal Market Supervision Bureau intends to impose a fine of 450,000 yuan on Lexus 4S shop for" suspected price increase "and list it in the list of serious violations of law and trust")

　　"Recently, we are studying and launching several other structural tools, mainly focusing on supporting the smooth operation of the real estate market, including the Baojiaolou loan support plan, the housing rental loan support plan, and the private enterprise bond financing support tools. We will make some other detailed disclosures and releases after the introduction." On January 13, at the press conference of the State Council Office, Zou Lan, Director of the Monetary Policy Department of the Central Bank, introduced.

　　In the past few days, the real estate policy has been favorable. On the 10th, the People’s Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly held a symposium on credit work of major banks. At the symposium, CBN was informed that in order to effectively prevent and resolve the risks of high-quality head housing enterprises and improve their assets and liabilities, the relevant departments drafted the Action Plan for Improving the Balance Sheet Plan of High-quality Housing Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). The action plan focuses on 21 tasks from four aspects: assets, liabilities, rights and interests, and expectations, including the implementation of some issued policies and some new policies.

　　Chen Wenjing, director of market research in the Index Division of the Central Finger Research Institute, said that the four major policy directions of financial support for real estate are clearer: differentiated credit support on the demand side, improvement of policy tools for guaranteeing the delivery of buildings, improvement of the balance sheets of high-quality housing enterprises, and improvement of financial support policies for housing leasing.

　　Improve the balance sheet of high-quality housing enterprises

　　From the specific content of the action plan, on the asset side, we should activate reasonable demand by optimizing policies, increase efforts to guarantee the delivery of buildings, stabilize real estate sales, compact the responsibility of enterprises to slim down and save themselves, and strive to improve the operating cash flow of high-quality housing enterprises. We will support the demand for rigid and improved housing, speed up the special loan for newly-added Baojiaolou, set up a 200-billion-yuan loan support plan for Baojiaolou, set up a special re-loan for national asset management companies, and set up a 100-billion-yuan housing rental loan support plan. A series of measures are accelerating.

　　On the debt side, under the premise of risk control and ensuring the security of creditor’s rights, we will start with the stock and increment, increase the multi-channel financing support such as loans, bonds and asset management, and keep the financing cash flow of high-quality housing enterprises stable.

　　On the equity side, support high-quality housing enterprises to enrich their capital through equity financing measures, reduce financial leverage and enhance their ability to resist risks.

　　In terms of the expected improvement of the real estate market, it is clear that it is necessary to establish a positive image of high-quality housing enterprises, ensure the delivery time and quality of commercial housing, improve the quality of financial statements and information disclosure of housing enterprises, improve market expectations and rebuild industry confidence.

　　Zou Lan said at the press conference that the action plan focuses on high-quality real estate enterprises that focus on their main business, operate in compliance, have good qualifications and have certain systemic importance, and focuses on promoting 21 tasks in four aspects: asset activation, debt succession, equity supplement and expected promotion. Comprehensive measures are taken to improve the cash flow of high-quality real estate enterprises and guide the balance sheets of high-quality real estate enterprises to return to a safe range. These tasks include not only the implementation of the policies that have been issued, but also a series of new measures such as setting up special refinancing for national asset management companies and setting up housing rental loan support plans.

　　While clarifying the basic conditions of high-quality housing enterprises, the action plan indicates that there is no specific list, and financial institutions can grasp it independently. At present, most real estate enterprises that have signed intention credit agreements with state-owned banks and other prime bank can be classified as high-quality real estate enterprises. The industry also believes that the absence of a specific list means that the scope of supporting enterprises is also expanding.

　　Liu Shui, director of enterprise research at the China Central Finger Research Institute, believes that the formulation of the action plan shows that the management department has made a more systematic and overall solution to prevent and resolve the risks of high-quality head housing enterprises. "Asset activation effectively improves the operating and financing cash flow of housing enterprises. Debt continues to ease the liquidity tension. Supplement equity, optimize the structure of assets and liabilities, and reduce leverage ratio. The expected improvement will repair industry confidence. "

　　"Three lines and four gears" will be adjusted

　　What is particularly striking is that the action plan clearly needs to improve the "three lines and four files" rules for 30 pilot housing enterprises, and improve some parameter settings on the basis of keeping the overall framework of the rules unchanged.

　　The so-called "three lines and four gears" means that in August 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the central bank held a symposium on key real estate enterprises, at which three regulatory requirements were put forward: the asset-liability ratio excluding advance payments should not be greater than 70%, the net debt ratio should not be greater than 100%, and the cash short-term debt ratio should not be less than 1 times.

　　According to the number of lines on the "three red lines", real estate enterprises are divided into four grades of management: red, orange, yellow and green. For each grade reduction, the upper limit of the growth rate of interest-bearing liabilities will increase by 5%, and the annual growth rate of interest-bearing liabilities of real estate enterprises in the green position should not exceed 15%.

　　According to the regulatory requirements, from January 1, 2021, housing enterprises officially entered the test period of reducing leverage; By the end of June 2023, all the "three red lines" indicators of pilot housing enterprises must meet the standards, and all housing enterprises will meet the standards by the end of 2023.

　　Since then, downshifting, debt reduction and burden reduction have become the main theme of housing enterprise management. In this tide of reducing leverage, many housing enterprises optimize their balance sheets by reducing borrowing and controlling land acquisition. Until 2021, the leverage ratio of the whole industry generally showed a downward trend. However, since 2022, affected by repeated epidemics, supply cuts and other factors, the sales of housing enterprises have fallen sharply, and the return and cash holdings have dropped significantly. The "stepping on the line" housing enterprises have a tendency to expand.

　　According to Cree’s statistics, from the classification of sample real estate enterprises, the number of real estate enterprises stepping on the line has increased significantly since the middle of 2021, and the proportion of green housing enterprises in the first half of 2022 has dropped from 42% at the beginning of the year to 32%; The proportion of yellow, orange and red housing enterprises has risen, and the proportion of red housing enterprises has increased year by year, from 7% in mid-2021 to 17% in mid-2022.

　　At the same time, there is the problem of excessive contraction of financial institutions. Some financial institutions will require that the balance of interest-bearing liabilities of "red-file" enterprises should not be increased, which is misunderstood as that banks are not allowed to issue new development loans. After the enterprises pay back the loans, the newly started projects that should have been reasonably supported will not get loans, which has also caused some enterprises’ capital chains to be tight to some extent.

　　Last year, industry suggestions for fine-tuning the "three red lines" began to appear. For example, Sheng Songcheng, former director of the Survey and Statistics Department of the People’s Bank of China, suggested in April last year that the deleveraging cycle should be appropriately extended without changing the goal of deleveraging policy, including appropriately adjusting the three red lines and loan concentration assessment requirements, so as to gain time for the industry to respond to the epidemic.

　　At the beginning of last year, there was market news that banks had informed some large-scale high-quality real estate enterprises that the relevant M&A loans were no longer included in the "three red lines" related indicators for the debt-bearing acquisition of insurance enterprise projects. However, the "third line and fourth gear" is still an important criterion for financial institutions to judge housing enterprises.

　　Experts interviewed in the industry believe that the "three red lines" standard will be fine-tuned, and it is expected that the requirements of the red line will not change. It may be the same as the loan concentration, extending or setting the transition period, weakening different gears, and increasing the tolerance for debt growth. The requirements for land acquisition and cash flow will also decrease. As a result, some enterprises will have certain leverage space.

　　Yan Yuejin, research director of Shanghai Yiju Real Estate Research Institute, believes that mortgage concentration and three red lines will continue to be implemented, and the overall reform idea is still in line with the long-term mechanism of real estate financial management, but it will be combined with short-term and medium-and long-term work. At present, the short-term emergency policy will be emphasized, so the concentration of mortgage and the three red lines will be relaxed or buffered.

　　Liu Shui said that reasonably extending the transition period of the real estate loan concentration management system and improving the parameter setting of the "three-line and four-file" rules of housing enterprises will give housing enterprises a relaxed financing environment and reduce the pressure of financing and debt. On the one hand, extend the transition period of real estate loan concentration management system, reduce the credit constraints of banks, and provide loose conditions for banks to support real estate financing. On the other hand, according to the actual situation of the industry, flexibly adjusting and perfecting the parameter settings of "three lines and four gears" and reducing the requirements for housing enterprises can reduce the pressure on the operation, financing and debt of housing enterprises.

　　The market is expected to go out of the trough.

　　"The industry’s debt structure is highly diversified, and financial liabilities only account for 31%, of which bank development loans account for 14%, domestic and foreign bonds account for 9%, and non-standard financing accounts for 8%; The rest are mainly 30% of the upstream and downstream enterprises, 32% of the individual house payment in advance, and 7% of the taxes and fees delayed. " Zou Lan said at the press conference.

　　Real estate has a systematic impact on economic development and risk prevention and control. The Central Economic Work Conference made it clear that to effectively prevent and resolve major economic and financial risks, it is necessary to ensure the stable development of the real estate market, do a solid job in ensuring the delivery of buildings, people’s livelihood and stability, meet the reasonable financing needs of the industry, effectively prevent and resolve the risks of high-quality head housing enterprises, and improve the balance sheet.

　　Since 2022, in response to some adjustments in the real estate market, financial management departments have made efforts from both supply and demand to promote the smooth operation of the real estate market. With the gradual emergence of relevant policies, the financing environment of the real estate industry, especially high-quality housing enterprises, has improved significantly.

　　Zou Lan introduced that from September to November 2022, real estate development loans increased by more than 170 billion yuan, an increase of more than 200 billion yuan year-on-year. In the fourth quarter of 2022, domestic real estate corporate bonds issued more than 120 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%.

　　"Recently, many banks have signed a huge amount of strategic credit cooperation with real estate enterprises, but they are all thunder and rain." A person from the investment banking department of a brokerage firm who has been tracking the real estate sector for a long time said that banks may delay the landing on the grounds that the concentration of real estate loans has been relatively high. If the action plan is followed up, it may clear the way for financial institutions such as banks to provide support to the real estate industry.

　　Yuan Hao, an analyst in the real estate industry of Shenwan Hongyuan, believes that improving the "three lines and four files" rules for 30 pilot housing enterprises indicates that the scope of the "guarantee subject" will be further expanded, and the debt growth ceiling of the "four files" housing enterprises will be optimized, especially the green file housing enterprises may have more room for expansion at the debt end, and the subsequent green file housing enterprises will be more active in land acquisition and help the sales increase steadily.

　　Lian Ping, chief economist and dean of the research institute of Zhixin Investment, believes that in 2023, driven by stronger policies, the real estate market is expected to gradually step out of the "trough" in the second half of the second quarter, and key cities will take the lead in stabilizing and rebounding. The growth rate of real estate sales, land acquisition and investment throughout the year is marginally improved compared with that in 2022. At the same time, a series of factors such as improved demand, improved employment environment, accelerated repair of service consumption, increased support for boosting policies and low base will promote a significant rebound in social consumption.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed "cultivating new growth points and forming new kinetic energy in the fields of high-end consumption, innovation leading, green and low-carbon, sharing economy, modern supply chain and human capital services". This is the first time that the CPC Central Committee put forward the concept of modern supply chain, which indicates that the development of "modern supply chain" has officially risen to a national strategy. At present, China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and it is in the key period of changing the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. In order to achieve high-quality economic development and build a modern economic system, it is urgent to develop a modern supply chain, play an important role in boosting supply-side structural reform, promoting optimal allocation of resources and improving economic quality and efficiency, foster new growth points and new kinetic energy, and promote quality change, efficiency change and power change of economic development.

Characteristics and development trend of modern supply chain

Modern supply chain is a concept corresponding to the traditional supply chain. It refers to an organizational form that takes customer demand as the guide, takes data as the core element, and uses modern information technology and modern organizational methods to efficiently integrate, optimize and coordinate upstream and downstream enterprises and related resources, so as to realize efficient coordination in the whole process of product design, procurement, production, sales and service. Compared with the traditional supply chain, the modern supply chain has the characteristics and trends of digitalization, intelligence, platformization, service, greening and globalization.

(A) Digitalization and intelligence have become the remarkable features of modern supply chain.

The rapid development and application of modern information technology has promoted the development of supply chain to a new stage of smart supply chain which is deeply integrated with Internet and Internet of Things. Digitalization, networking and intelligence have become the remarkable features of modern supply chain. Digital empowerment endows the supply chain with new intelligent features of big data support, networked sharing and intelligent collaboration, which greatly improves the efficiency of supply chain collaboration and significantly reduces the cost of supply chain. According to the data, an effective digital supply chain as a whole can promote the income growth of enterprises by 10%, the procurement cost by 20% and the supply chain cost by 50%.

(B) Internet platform has become a new form of modern supply chain development.

With the deepening application of modern information technologies such as big data, Internet of Things, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain, etc. in the supply chain, the organizational form of modern supply chain has gradually extended from multinational corporations to platform-based organizations, and platformization has gradually become an important feature of modern supply chain development. The cross-industry, cross-regional and cross-border industrial supply chain platform with platform-based enterprises as the core realizes resource integration and complementary advantages by cooperating with different countries, different regions, different industries and different enterprises, and builds a close cooperative global supply chain network, realizing integrated supply chain operation, and radiating and driving more and more upstream and downstream enterprises to develop in the direction of scale, clustering and specialization. At the same time, the upstream and downstream related enterprises at different levels form a supply chain ecosystem with cross-border integration, platform sharing and common prosperity under the integration of supply chain platforms, and promote the evolution of platform-based organizations to ecological organizations.

(C) Supply chain service has become a new service industry.

The reform of modern information technology and the deepening and refinement of industrial division of labor have promoted the separation of upstream R&D, raw material procurement, design and downstream brand management, sales, logistics and other service links, promoted the rapid development of supply chain service outsourcing, and promoted the innovation of supply chain service format to become an important trend of modern supply chain development. At present, the number of enterprises providing specialized supply chain services in China is booming and the types are constantly enriched, and a number of integrated supply chain service platforms represented by Yi Yatong and Yi Datong have been formed.

(D) Green supply chain management has become the social responsibility of enterprises.

With global warming, environmental pollution and other major ecological and environmental problems becoming increasingly prominent, green and sustainable development has become a global topic. Under the concept of sustainable development, cross-country cross-regional cross-domain supply chains are gradually required to be sustainable and responsible for society and ecology. In 2015, the "green supply chain" entered the APEC issue and became one of the most concerned topics in the world. At present, many multinational companies regard "green supply chain" management as an important task of social responsibility, and incorporate sustainable development and environmental protection into supply chain management. For example, since 2011, Huawei has included the environmental search of the non-governmental organization Public Environmental Research Center (IPE) in the supplier audit list and self-inspection form, requiring suppliers with problems to rectify within a time limit and strive to build a green supply chain. In 2017, Huawei ranked sixth in the IPE green supply chain CITI index, and domestic enterprises ranked first.

(E) The global economy has entered the era of supply chain coordination.

With the development of economic globalization and the escalation of regional economic and trade agreements, supply chain management has also developed from cooperation among domestic enterprises to cooperation among regional or global enterprises. Especially with the development of Internet technology, the mode of division of labor in the world has changed from industrial division based on comparative advantage to supply chain division based on factor advantage, and multinational enterprises participating in global division of labor have formed a reciprocal interdependence. In recent years, influenced by the rise of trade protectionism and other factors, although the process of economic globalization has slowed down, the global value chain and supply chain division system have been formed, and the trend is irreversible. In the global supply chain coordination system, the trade and investment among countries in the world are increasingly interrelated and influenced each other. You have me and I have you, and the interests are blended and mutually beneficial.

The important role of modern supply chain in supply-side structural reform

Promoting supply-side structural reform is a major strategic deployment made by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to profoundly grasp the new global economic pattern and the general trend of China’s economic development. It is an innovative measure to solve the problems of imbalance between supply and demand and overcapacity in economic development and lead China’s high-quality economic development. As a bridge and link between the supply side and the demand side, modern supply chain is an important starting point for promoting the structural reform of the supply side in a market-oriented way. The development of modern supply chain is conducive to the use of advanced supply chain management technology and mode to replace the inefficient and extensive operation mode in the past, promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement, optimize supply structure, supply quality and supply efficiency, and promote high-quality economic development.

(A) is conducive to achieving the goal of cost reduction

For a long time, China’s logistics cost is high. In 2017, the ratio of total social logistics cost to GDP in China was 14.6%, which was 3.4 percentage points lower than that in 2012, but still 5-6 percentage points higher than that in developed countries such as the United States. At present, China is at the critical stage of the transition from high cost and high growth to low cost and medium-high growth. With the deepening of supply-side structural reform, "cost reduction" has entered the stage of tackling difficulties. To further reduce enterprise costs, there must be new ways and new ideas. Modern supply chain can effectively reduce enterprise operating costs and transaction costs by integrating all kinds of resources, optimizing internal and external business processes, and strengthening the whole process and whole chain collaborative management from R&D and design, manufacturing to after-sales service. By integrating and optimizing the supply chain, Haier promoted business process reengineering, which reduced the enterprise inventory by 33%, manufacturing cost by 10%, management cost by 6% and timely delivery rate by 35%.

(B) conducive to improving the quality and efficiency of supply.

Judging from the stage of economic development, since China’s industrialization process has entered the middle and late stage of industrialization, the gap between the general technical level and advanced countries has been greatly narrowed. In this case, to improve the supply structure and create new supply, the most important thing is to improve the supply efficiency. The key to improving efficiency lies in promoting the optimal allocation and integrated innovation of factor resources by market-oriented means. With the help of information technologies such as Internet, cloud computing, big data and artificial intelligence, modern supply chain promotes enterprises to make timely and accurate market reactions, make rational decisions, arrange production in an orderly manner, and get through all links from front-end design, production to circulation and final consumption, greatly improving production efficiency and circulation efficiency, and promoting accurate matching between supply and demand and industrial transformation and upgrading. According to McKinsey’s research report, China’s labor productivity can be increased by 15%-30% by promoting operational transformation through supply chain and other means. ZARA, an internationally renowned chain retail brand, can grasp the sales situation and inventory changes of every store in the world at any time through an efficient supply chain system, and respond quickly to the market consumption trend, and complete the planning and design of new clothes to the factory within one week.

(C) conducive to the cultivation of new economic kinetic energy

At present, China’s economy has changed from a high-speed growth stage to a high-quality development stage, and it is in the key period of changing the development mode, optimizing the economic structure and transforming the growth momentum. Affected by the increasingly complex and changeable international economic situation, China’s economy is facing shrinking exports, overcapacity in traditional industries and bottlenecks in the development of traditional kinetic energy. It is urgent to deepen structural reform on the supply side and cultivate new kinetic energy. Modern supply chain, through resource integration and optimal allocation, is conducive to promoting the development of new formats and new models and promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries, and is a new driving force and engine for economic development. On the one hand, in the process of integrated development of manufacturing industry and service industry, by promoting cross-border integration, optimization and innovation of supply chain, new services and business models can be generated, specialized supply chain services can be formed, and new economic growth points can be cultivated. On the other hand, cultivating new kinetic energy of economic development should not only focus on the development of new formats, new industries and new models, but also attach importance to the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries. In the process of upgrading traditional industries, by transforming the traditional supply chain and realizing the digitalization, networking and intelligent development of the supply chain, it can promote the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries and form new kinetic energy for economic development.

(4) It is conducive to filling the shortcomings of industrial development.

In the international division of labor system, China has long been "locked" in the low-end link of the global value chain led by multinational companies in developed countries. In recent years, under the influence of a new round of scientific and technological revolution and the implementation of the "re-industrialization" strategy in Europe and America, the international economic and trade pattern has undergone fundamental changes, and international industrial transfer has formed a trend of "high-end links returning to developed countries" and "low-end links transferring to lower-cost areas such as Southeast Asia, South Asia and Africa", which has promoted the accelerated reconstruction of global value chains led by multinational companies from developed countries. As a result, the expansion space for China to continue to participate in the global value chain by taking advantage of traditional advantages is getting smaller and smaller, and the original model of global value chain development dominated by developed countries is unsustainable. It is urgent to explore new development models and promote the industry to extend to the middle and high end of the global value chain. By organically integrating all links in the global value chain, modern supply chain ensures the seamless connection of logistics and finance related to industries, promotes the coordinated development of upstream and downstream manufacturing industries, and gradually improves the front-end design, R&D, procurement and back-end brand, logistics, marketing, finance and other service capabilities, which is beneficial for Chinese enterprises to get rid of their dependence on multinational companies in developed countries, promote the manufacturing industry to move towards the middle and high end, and build a world-class advanced manufacturing cluster.

Developing modern supply chain to help supply-side structural reform

To give full play to the role of modern supply chain in promoting supply-side structural reform, we should take market demand as the guide and modern information technology as the support, accelerate the in-depth application of modern supply chain in various industries and fields, build and optimize the supply chain systems of key cities, industries and enterprises, cultivate new formats and models for supply chain development, promote the digital, platform-based, service-oriented and green development of supply chain, form new economic growth points and new kinetic energy, and promote the innovative development, transformation and upgrading of the real economy.

(1) Cultivate a digital and professional supply chain platform to create new kinetic energy for economic development.

Digital and professional supply chain platform is the core force to promote the development of modern supply chain. It is necessary to conform to the development trend of digital economy, accelerate the application of information technologies such as Internet of Things, cloud computing, big data and blockchain in supply chain management, encourage powerful enterprises to build a digital and professional supply chain platform, build a smart supply chain system with big data support, networked sharing and intelligent collaboration, realize the whole system, full life cycle and all-round linkage with software and hardware manufacturing resources of upstream and downstream enterprises, improve the informatization, networking and intelligence level of upstream and downstream enterprises in the supply chain, and improve the rapid response speed.

Digital and specialized supply chain platforms should focus on cultivating three categories:

The first is to cultivate a comprehensive service platform for the supply chain. Encourage third-party logistics enterprises and foreign trade enterprises to transform into supply chain service enterprises, build a comprehensive supply chain service platform, integrate high-quality resources from different regions, industries and enterprises, comprehensively cover the upstream procurement network, the midstream warehousing circulation network and the downstream sales service network of the industrial chain, and provide supply chain integration services integrating transactions, financing, settlement, logistics distribution, import and export agents, brand cultivation and marketing promotion, so as to realize resource integration, complementary advantages and coordinated sharing between the upstream and downstream of the industrial chain.

The second is to cultivate a collaborative supply chain platform for production and marketing. Guided by the demand side, enterprises are encouraged to explore and develop a collaborative supply chain platform for production and marketing, build a large-scale customized supply chain and an intelligent manufacturing supply chain, drive the supply, procurement, stocking and distribution system with accurate demand forecasting, strengthen the synergy of supply chains, improve the response speed and synergy level of raw material procurement, production, logistics and distribution, and promote the integrated development of production and marketing.

The third is to cultivate a supply chain financial service platform. Encourage supply chain service enterprises and related logistics enterprises to cooperate with banks and e-commerce platforms, build digital, intelligent and visual financial services based on the risk control and credit system formed by data sharing of all parties involved, provide online credit, factoring, guarantee, settlement, wealth management and other comprehensive financial services for small and medium-sized enterprises in the upstream and downstream of the supply chain, reduce supply chain financing costs and improve the efficiency of supply chain financial services.

(B) Promote the innovation and application of industrial cluster supply chain, and improve the industrial supply chain system.

Since the reform and opening up, China has set up a number of industrial parks, such as economic and technological development zones, high-tech industrial parks and customs bonded zones, which have effectively promoted the development of industrial agglomeration in China, and formed a number of influential industrial clusters at home and abroad in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and Bohai Rim. However, in recent years, with the rising factor cost and the implementation of "internet plus Strategy", the problems faced by traditional industrial clusters in China, such as squeezed development space, imperfect industrial chain and weak competitiveness of clusters, have become increasingly prominent. It is urgent to strengthen the innovation and application of supply chain in industrial clusters, effectively improve industrial synergy and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. Therefore, on the one hand, it is necessary to build various supply chain collaborative platforms around the common needs of enterprises in industrial clusters in product design, material procurement, manufacturing, inspection and testing, logistics and marketing, and improve the industrial supply chain system through collaborative design, collaborative procurement, collaborative manufacturing, collaborative logistics and financial services, so as to promote the mutual complement and common development of online platforms and offline industrial clusters. On the other hand, it is necessary to give full play to the supply chain resource integration and service capabilities of leading enterprises in different industrial clusters, and design, plan, control and optimize the logistics, business flow, information flow and capital flow in the supply chain, so as to promote the coordinated development of upstream and downstream enterprises and rapidly improve the innovation and application level of the supply chain.

(C) Promote enterprises to implement green supply chain management and promote industrial green transformation and upgrading.

Promoting enterprises to implement green supply chain management and build a green supply chain system is the core meaning of practicing the concept of green development and deepening the structural reform of supply side. At present, the development of China’s green supply chain is still in the initial exploration stage. Compared with developed countries, the awareness of green management of Chinese enterprises is relatively weak, and the environmental pollution caused by various logistics activities in the supply chain is still serious. Take the packaging recovery rate as an example, there is a big gap between China and developed countries. The data shows that in 2017, the actual recovery rate of cardboard and plastics in China’s express delivery industry was less than 10%, and the overall recovery rate of packaging was less than 20%. Most of these packages were directly sent to landfill sites, which brought great pressure to the urban environment. In some developed countries, the recycling rate of cardboard packaging is about 45%, while the recycling rate of plastic packaging is about 25%.

Therefore, we should take industry and enterprises as the core, speed up the construction of a resource-saving and environment-friendly procurement, production, marketing, recycling and logistics system, formulate strict green product standards, explore the establishment of a unified green product standard, certification and labeling system, and realize the green development of the supply chain. On the one hand, we should take enterprises as the core, implement green supply chain management, encourage enterprises to give priority to purchasing and using energy-saving and water-saving equipment, promote clean production and green manufacturing, produce green energy-saving and environmental protection products, expand the supply of green products and improve the quality of green products. On the other hand, it is necessary to build a green supply chain with key industries as the core and promote industrial transformation and upgrading. In agriculture, we should use green technology to protect and improve the agricultural ecological chain, establish and expand the green supply chain of agricultural products, vigorously develop agricultural circular economy, promote the organic and pollution-free development of agriculture, and realize the sustainable growth of agricultural economy. In the manufacturing industry, we will promote green supply chain management in industries such as electronic appliances, automobiles, steel and textiles, and promote the formation of an industrial supply chain with high technology content, low resource consumption and less environmental pollution through green transformation of product design, raw material selection, manufacturing process, logistics, recycling and final disposal, and promote the green transformation and upgrading of the industry. In the service industry, we should focus on the circulation link closely related to production and consumption, adopt modern information technology and management methods to transform the traditional circulation mode, continue to implement demonstration projects such as green procurement, green marketing and green shopping malls, encourage express delivery enterprises to develop recyclable packaging materials, and promote"Green Circulation Revolution" guides consumers to consume green.

(D) Promote the integration of advantageous industries into the global supply chain and help "de-capacity" and "fill shortcomings"

Seize the opportunity of the "Belt and Road" construction and international capacity cooperation, actively promote enterprises to deeply participate in global industrial chain and value chain competition, cooperation and division of labor, deeply integrate the global supply chain system, promote the "going out" of domestic excess capacity, actively build a global supply chain led by China enterprises, and enhance the position of China industry in the global value chain. First, combined with the actual situation of industrialization stage and industrial development in countries and regions along the Belt and Road, we will accelerate labor-intensive industries such as clothing, shoes and hats and capital-intensive industries with overcapacity such as steel, coal and cement to help "de-capacity". The second is to promote the transfer of advantageous technology-intensive industries such as electronic information and equipment manufacturing to countries along the route. By promoting the in-depth cooperation of the upstream, middle and downstream industrial chains, the "Belt and Road" industrial cooperation will be extended from the processing and manufacturing links to the high-end links in the global value chain such as cooperative research and development, joint design, marketing and brand cultivation, so as to build a global supply chain system with China’s initiative, complementary advantages and mutual benefit. The third is to promote the construction of border economic cooperation zones, cross-border economic cooperation zones and overseas economic and trade cooperation zones along the "Belt and Road", encourage enterprises to set up overseas distribution and service networks, logistics distribution centers, overseas warehouses, etc., establish a supply chain system based on the local market, improve the ability of global supply chain coordination and resource allocation, and create a more globally competitive industrial cluster.

(Author: Institute of Circulation and Consumption, Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Commerce)

Wang Peng, General Manager of Engineering and Technology of GE Aviation Group in China.

Aero-engine manufacturing is the crown in the industrial system, and it is highly sensitive, which is the technology that China has been longing for. In the past, in the general habitual expression, aero-engines were highly related to the western technical blockade of China.

In recent years, China has stepped up the independent research and development of aero-engines, and China’s huge aviation market has also shown strong attraction, and major aviation giants have more careful consideration of their own interests. Under the comprehensive effect of various factors, the manufacturing of China local aero-engines has made great progress. In January, 2016, in an exclusive interview with The Paper, Wang Peng, general manager of engineering technology in China of GE Aviation Group, talked about the so-called "technical blockade".

In fact, in the process of localization of cutting-edge technology of western giants, we should give up prejudice and fully believe in the power of the market. It is believed that based on the principle of mutual benefit, there is no technical blockade that harms others and does not benefit others. On the premise of observing the rules, in fact, everything can be discussed.

GE attaches great importance to training local talents in China.

The Paper:How many people in GE China serve the ARJ21 project?

Wang Peng:As the first engineer of the ARJ21/CF34-10A project team, I arrived in Shanghai in 2003. In the past ten years, in China, our engineering team has done three things. One is related to the engine, including the ARJ21 project and the ship project. The second block is the supply chain support of the whole region, covering Chinese mainland, Taiwan Province and other regions. The third is aviation services. I am mainly doing these three aspects of work now. (ARJ21 is a regional aircraft with independent intellectual property rights developed by China according to international standards. CF34-10A is an engine used by ARJ21 and manufactured by GE Aviation Group. -editor’s note)

There aren’t many of us, only 140 in all. On the ARJ21/CF34-10A project, there are only four of us today. This project has passed the peak stage, and the next step is to support it how to enter the airlines to run. At present, these four people are very important, and two Model Leader will be trained for this model in the future, one is the engineering chief engineer of CF34-10A, and the other is the service chief engineer of CF34 family engine. Although there are only four people in China, they can mobilize global resources to support this project. The reason why such a key chief engineer is transferred to China is to better support China’s aircraft project and airline operation. These two chief teachers are very young, both born in the 1980s.

The PaperChief engineer means to be responsible from design to production?

Wang Peng:The chief engineer is responsible for the whole life cycle of this model. For example, COMAC (China Commercial Aircraft Co., Ltd.) is the chief engineer of engine design for wide-body aircraft, responsible for the progress of the project, the determination and review of technology, fund management, and how to mobilize global resources to implement the development of this project. This chief engineer is in China, but the whole design team may not be in China in the future. There are American teams, Indian teams and Polish teams. This chief engineer should be able to mobilize all resources to serve this project.

The Paper:Since there has been a mature design process and a mature head teacher before, why should we put a new head teacher and set up a new team in China?

Wang Peng:Because ARJ21 and wide-body aircraft are both aircraft models of China, and the customers are in China. In the long run, this position is most suitable in China. It can be seen from this that GE is very open. GEnx-1B/2B is the model chief engineer of the third service in the world in China, and now he is training in the United States. Now I’m talking about the work scope of GE90′ s overall system leader in China, and I’ll decide soon and start recruiting. The model chief engineer of LEAP-1C will also be in China in the future. Most of these people are born in the 1980s. Although they are in China, their functions are actually very extensive. Depending on different types of engines, they can cover Australia and New Zealand in the south and Japan in the north. (GEnx-1B/2B and GE90 are engines produced by GE Aviation Group. LEAP-1C is the only designated foreign engine of China’s first large aircraft C919, which is manufactured by CFM, a joint venture between GE and Safran Group. -editor’s note)

At GE headquarters, it is impossible to get this position organically without 20 years’ working experience, but in China, it can be seen that GE attaches importance to and cultivates China. At present, there are less than 20 commercial engine models operated by GE, and the chief engineer of so many models is Chinese, which is a great decentralization to us. On the other hand, this is what our China team has been striving to prove its strength, build trust and constantly break through man-made obstacles for so many years, driven by market demand.

Strictly abide by the laws of China and the United States in intellectual property rights.

The Paper:Are you worried about intellectual property rights?

Peng WangIntellectual property rights are like this. We must abide by the laws of the United States and China at the same time. Intellectual property sometimes becomes an excuse. Secondly, this is a wall in many Chinese’s heart. Before we start making it, there is a wall there that we can’t cross.

It is normal and understandable that Americans are worried about intellectual property rights in China. In this case, we should protect intellectual property rights better, so that everyone can rest assured and work can be carried out. The same is true of export restrictions. We must strictly abide by the laws of the two countries and cannot make any mistakes in export restrictions. But this does not mean that we can do a lot of things without doing it, within the scope permitted by law. This is my view on intellectual property protection and export restrictions. If you want to do everything, you have a hundred ways to do it. If you don’t want to do something, there are a hundred reasons not to do it.

The Paper:We always feel that intellectual property rights have thorns and cannot be touched.

Wang Peng:You think that you are shorter than others, and you always think that others will bully you. This is a psychological state of inferiority, which makes you unable to get along with others. Let’s face this problem. We have done a lot of work on export restrictions, because as a supply chain support, we can’t limit our work to China. Our goal is the whole Asian region. If I want to do this, I must understand the legal restrictions on the export of related products in the United States, otherwise I may violate the rules, or many people will say that there are export restrictions here and Chinese cannot do it.

Then, let’s talk to lawyers who specialize in export restrictions, look at one legal clause after another, analyze one part by one, and study one factory by one to see what risks there will be. In the end, we got the answer that we can do a lot of things.

Before doing this, many people will use this as an excuse to say that you can’t do this or that, or we have limited ourselves in our hearts. Therefore, when you encounter this kind of problem, there is no way to avoid it, but to solve it face to face. We can talk about these things in the open. Otherwise, either limit yourself to death or violate the rules, which will cause problems.

It is not a manufacturing technical problem that China can’t make an engine.

The PaperWhat is the technology spillover effect of foreign companies?

Peng WangMany parts of GE’s engine are made in China.

The most restrictive export is the hot-end component, that is, the high-pressure turbine. The blades of the high-pressure turbine are not made in China, but the high-pressure turbine disk is made in China. The high-pressure turbine shroud ring, which we studied in the past, can be made in China, but the last one was not brought here because of economic problems, not export restrictions. The combustion chamber can’t be made in China, but the head of the combustion chamber has been made in China, and the engine casing from beginning to end has been made in China. There are many rotors in the engine, and the discs of the rotors are all made in China.

There is a special supplier for bearings. I haven’t investigated carefully whether this supplier is in China. The engine has two shafts, one is the shaft of high-pressure rotor, which we made in China; The shaft of the low-pressure rotor was not made in China because the current technology in China is not good, and we are developing it, but we haven’t developed a very good qualified product, so we didn’t make it in China. There are also engine blades. Our high-pressure turbine blades cannot be made in China, which is the requirement of export restrictions. Other blades were not made in China, not because of export restrictions, but because it was uneconomical to make them in China. Blade of low pressure turbine, our partner has already made it in China.

So, as you can see, what an engine can’t do in China is too limited. You say that the China engine can’t be made is a manufacturing technical problem, which is pure nonsense. This is not a problem. Even if the high-pressure turbine blades are not made in China, the high-pressure turbine drilling technology is developed in China, and many things can be made in Chinese.

We help China suppliers grow rapidly.

The Paper:What is the growth of GE’s downstream suppliers in China?

Peng WangWe cooperate with suppliers. We have helped China suppliers grow very fast in recent years. The first growth is from not being able to do it to being able to do it. It took us a long time, more than ten years, to train China suppliers to be able to do it. Second, if it can be done, it should be more economical and competitive. It is also our team that has done a lot of work to make our suppliers do better.

Then, we don’t just consider the problem from the perspective of processing. From the perspective of industrial chain, the main characteristics of China’s manufacturing industry are that both ends are outside, raw materials are imported, and the market is abroad. Buy raw materials from abroad, do technical processing, and then export. This industrial model is unsafe. Since 2011, I have been promoting the localization of raw materials, not just machining in China, but also producing raw materials in China. It took us four or five years, and now the suppliers in China have almost been trained. Now many forgings are made in China, and some castings have been made in China.

We push further upstream, and the upstream is high-temperature alloy. If these high-temperature alloy factories are cultivated into qualified suppliers of GE, this line will be on the line, from the production of high-temperature alloy to the production of forgings and castings to the mechanical processing production, all in China. When our industrial chain is built, it will be very stable.

The Paper:Is it a big investment?

Wang Peng:Investment is investment, not as big as the outside world thinks. Our funds are very limited, and we rely more on market leverage to solve problems. We have invested a lot in technology, and I have a lot of engineers who just do technology. This is how to develop new parts and new processes.

For example, the latest LEAP engine we are making now has a very difficult part, which is a guide behind our high-pressure compressor, and that is a very, very difficult part to machine. Three or four years ago, our team of engineers from GE Aviation Engineering Department cooperated with a company in the manufacturing laboratory of GE Shanghai R&D Center to process this piece with the latest technology. After the final processing technology was developed, the processing time was shortened by half compared with that of American suppliers at that time. We developed this technology and gave it to our supplier in China for free, so that they can be manufactured. At present, Xi ‘an Aero Engine Co., Ltd. is the main supplier of this part. This is an example of how to use technology to promote the development of manufacturing industry.

Excessive speculation is a risk.

The Paper:GE doesn’t worry about suppliers getting up, but another company will integrate them and compete with you?

Wang Peng:In a market economy, we don’t speculate excessively, and everything is very simple. A lot of things are done, and if you don’t do anything, you are afraid of unnecessary risks, then you can’t do it. To solve the problem, we should put all the problems on the table. What’s the good of you doing this? I guess I’m willing to talk to him if I dare to put it on the table. Excessive speculation is a risk, and many misunderstandings and suspicions can be overcome if they are put on the table.

The Paper:Aren’t there many restrictions on American technology exports to China?

Peng WangI went to many universities to enroll students, and many people told me: What you GE did in China is not the core technology of engines. What can you learn? I said, some people always see what they don’t get, and often don’t cherish what they get. Let’s not talk about those core technologies yet. First, there are many export restrictions, and people will not give them to you. Second, China doesn’t do these businesses at all. Why should I give them to you? Let’s throw this piece away first.

What has been given to you now, how is it going? Is everything that Chinese has got ready? For example, with so many suppliers, we give you drawings and specifications. Can you do it? The answer is often: I can’t do it. I will send many engineers to help him do it. If you can’t do everything I give you, and you still cry and shout all day, this logic is untenable because I can’t develop because of restrictions. That’s the excuse.

There are many private suppliers now.

The Paper: How to train suppliers and what kind of supplier training to choose?

Peng WangAt present, the main suppliers are state-owned enterprises, and the enterprises of AVIC (aviation industry corporation of china) are the main ones. They have a good foundation, as most of our suppliers do now. But we are constantly developing new suppliers, and now more private companies have come in. In the past, there were no people looking for private enterprises. With the development of the national economy, there are many private suppliers, and the proportion is increasing little by little. Although there are very few now, you can see their growth.

As our supplier of forgings, it is private and doing well. You will see more and more private suppliers coming in among these new fields. When I was developing them, I particularly emphasized that you should have raw materials. The aviation industry is very different from other manufacturing industries in processing, that is, there are many special processes. The establishment of independent special process capability will greatly help the development of private enterprises. Special technology needs the accumulation of enterprises for many years. If private enterprises only do a simple technical processing without special technology, it is difficult to survive. Without the resources of these special technology suppliers in the market, private enterprises cannot develop.

In the development of our supply chain, this is a very important step, raw materials are particularly important, independent special process capacity building is also very important, and the entry of private economy is also very important. So we are a complete supply chain.

The Paper: Is your technology provided to suppliers, paid or free?

Peng Wang: We are basically free. The motivation for us to do this comes from the parts we made in this area, which are more competitive in price and cheaper than those purchased elsewhere. This reduction in procurement cost is enough for us to support these engineers. Relying solely on morality to restrain people is unsustainable and must be mutually beneficial.

We can do a lot of things in Chinese, depending on whether we have the opportunity to do it.

The Paper:What services have you provided for C919?

Wang Peng:C919 engine system integration, flight test and evidence collection are all done by CFM. GE has two parts in the middle of C919, one is the propulsion system, which we made; The other is avionics. We have a joint venture with AVIC. The propulsion system is mainly made by CFM in the field, from system-level design to flight test and evidence collection. We have done more on C919 than on ARJ21. The structural design of the engine nacelle was done by our team in China. The design of engine peripheral pipeline is also designed by our team in China. (CFM is a joint venture between GE and Safran Group of France, and is the world’s leading supplier of civil aircraft engines. -editor’s note)

When I took over this team in 2008, there were 22 people, few people and limited ability. I thought from that moment, how can we develop further. In 2010, a strategic conference on the division of labor in various regions of the world will be held in the United States. There are three themes, one is manufacturing, the other is engine design, and the other is aircraft system. We have been manufacturing for many years, and I was only invited to the manufacturing sub-meeting. I think if we don’t fight for it, how can we have a chance to enter the other two fields? I took two people, one to attend the engine design meeting, one to attend the manufacturing meeting, and I went to the aircraft system meeting myself.

At the meeting, everyone introduced their abilities. At that time, an Indian team talked about how powerful they were. At that time, the Indian team had 400 to 500 people, Poland had more than 300 people, and Mexico had 600 to 700 people. We couldn’t compare with them at all. They all talked about how powerful they were, and when they all finished, I said we should talk about it. In the field of aircraft systems, our team’s capability is zero. I clicked a point on the blackboard, but considering the capability of China R&D Center, we are not zero, so I drew a circle on it. If we consider the ability of suppliers, we will be even bigger. Of all the countries where global engineering teams are located, only China can make airplanes and rockets. Our GE China team has zero ability now because we have not been given the opportunity to do it before. If I am given the opportunity, I will definitely build up my ability.

In this way, from then on, we built the system structure design team from scratch, and the head of the C919 nacelle fan cover was in China. I have always wanted to say that there are many things we can do in Chinese, depending on whether we have the opportunity to do it. I graduated for more than 20 years now, and my work is simply summed up, that is, I am doing the process from zero to one.

The Paper:What is the confidence that China can do many things?

Peng WangThe C919 project is here, and the market itself has such a demand. If this project is a Boeing project and we do it in China, this reason is not so good. Of course, if we are the best team in this field, I think we can also do Boeing projects. Second, China has people and is rich in engineers. China graduates 7 million college students a year. No country in Europe has these people. I have been to the Czech Republic. They graduate 3600 college students a year. How can they compare with us? There is no way to compare resources. Moreover, engineers in China are very hard-working. At night, there are many engineers working overtime on our floor. I often advise them to leave early, but no one wants to leave. Also, you have to follow a very standardized process, plus resources, a lot of things can be made.

　　Near the end of the year, many real estate projects started more discount promotion activities in order to withdraw funds as soon as possible, which triggered the dissatisfaction of some pre-purchase owners.

　　In this regard, the relevant government departments in different cities have given completely different responses, which are basically divided into two factions — —

　　Some government departments have recently stated that they will not interfere with the independent price adjustment of real estate, and some government departments in some cities still say that they will talk to real estate enterprises to avoid their price reduction behavior disrupting market order.

　　In fact, from the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023, under the downward pressure of the property market, many real estate enterprises have tried to promote sales through price reduction, while many local governments will stabilize market prices through a paper "limit order".

　　An obvious change now is that the local government’s restrictions on the price reduction of new houses are being liberalized. Some experts told CBN that the "limit order" in some places has long been unbearable. In order to clear the warehouse and withdraw funds, housing enterprises will operate various names to secretly reduce prices and avoid the "limit order". The gradual cancellation of the "limit order" will help the market restore liquidity to a certain extent.

　　Two options

　　In the past month, new commercial housing in several hot cities began a new round of price reduction, which caused some owners’ dissatisfaction and complaints.

　　The First Financial Reporter saw at the "Hanshan Wenzhong" forum hosted by the Suzhou Municipal Government that some netizens complained recently that the price reduction rate of Poly Yunshang Streamer Project in Xiangcheng District of Suzhou was originally 20% off, and then it was directly reduced to 75% off, and the total price dropped from more than 2.2 million to 2.1 million yuan. "In less than two months, the price was reduced by 100,000 to 200,000 yuan." The netizen also questioned that there is such a large price reduction in the short term of the auction property, which may affect the delivery quality behind it.

　　Regarding this complaint, the Eighth Branch of Suzhou Xiangcheng District Market Supervision Administration responded: "The simple discount promotion behavior does not violate the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law."

　　On the "Leadership Message Board" forum hosted by People’s Daily Online, there are many similar complaints.

　　Some netizens in Huizhou, Guangdong Province said on the "Leadership Message Board": "The developers of new houses in Daya Bay maliciously cut prices, and the market is completely chaotic, which will only be more unsalable." The netizen said that in the past, the price limit of new houses in Daya Bay should not exceed 10% on the basis of the filing price, and the discount on group purchase price should not be lower than 20%. However, many properties engaged in price competition, and the market showed a discount of 30% or even lower. "When the old owner bought a house, the interest rate was ridiculously high. The total interest was several hundred thousand yuan more than what he bought now. There was nowhere to complain, and the house had not been closed, and the house price lost several hundred thousand."

　　Regarding this netizen’s complaint, the Housing Management Bureau of Huizhou Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone replied in November this year: "The problem of price reduction sales is a matter of independent market adjustment, which is determined by developers and enterprises according to the influence of market factors. Regarding preferential compensation and refund for check-out, we suggest that you can negotiate with the development enterprise according to the agreement signed by both parties. If negotiation fails, you can safeguard your legitimate rights and interests through legal channels. "

　　Judging from the above response, the attitude of the relevant departments in Xiangcheng District of Suzhou and Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone of Huizhou is "returning the market to the market", and the government departments no longer interfere too much in the pricing of new houses.

　　However, other local government departments have different responses.

　　For example, on November 11th this year, a property buyer in Jiaxing, Zhejiang complained on People’s Daily Online’s "Leadership Message Board" that the local outstanding Xiuchen Huafu had drastically reduced its price, and the developer used the name of "Double Eleven" to significantly reduce the price and promote sales, and gave the buyer a huge discount of 200,000 yuan in cash by using internal employees to purchase their own houses and work to arrive at the house, which "seriously disrupted the new house market and harmed the interests of early buyers".

　　The Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing responded to this netizen, saying: Regarding this situation, our bureau has conducted an interview with the local government on the development enterprise, asking the enterprise to avoid the behavior that seriously disrupts the new house sales market, and at the same time, our bureau will further strengthen the quality and fund supervision of the project to ensure the normal project.

　　On November 22nd and 24th this year, many Chengdu residents reported on the online mass work platform in Sichuan Province that the price of the Poly COFCO Huguang Jinyun Project in the East New District of Chengdu was "maliciously reduced to disrupt the market", and the licensed price of the project was 15,000-17,000 yuan/square meter, but it was later sold at an average price of 9,000 yuan/square meter, with a drop of more than 40%.

　　The Management Committee of Chengdu East New District immediately responded that the Public Service Bureau of the district had verified the situation. The Huguang Jinyun project was suspected of disturbing the normal order of the real estate market due to excessive price fluctuations, and it was temporarily unable to apply for online signing and filing.

　　More than 20 cities have issued "limit orders"

　　Some cities began to relax the "limit" requirement for new houses, which is a new trend recently.

　　From the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023, under the downward pressure of the property market, many properties tried to promote sales through price reduction, but they waited for a "limit order" from the local government.

　　According to incomplete statistics, at least 22 cities (or districts) including Heze, Shandong, Yueyang, Hunan, Kunming, Hebei, Tangshan, Shenyang, Liaoning, Jiangyin, Jiangsu and Zhuzhou, Hunan have issued relevant regulations, requiring new commercial housing not to be sold at a reduced price at will.

　　For example, in June 2022, many departments of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone in Fujian jointly issued the Notice on Further Standardizing the Order of Commercial Housing Sales Market in the Experimental Zone, which mentioned that when selling commercial housing, the actual sales price of real estate development enterprises should not exceed 15% of the filing price, and if it exceeds the prescribed range, it will not be filed for online signing.

　　In other cities, the limit of decline is even less, only 5% lower than the filing price. At the end of March, 2023, the Hefei Municipal People’s Government replied to the buyers in the "Leadership Message Board", saying: According to the Price Law, the Notice on Forwarding the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisions on Clearly Marking the Price of Commercial Housing in Anhui Province, and the General Office of Hefei Municipal Government’s Opinions on Further Promoting the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market in Hefei, the price of commercial housing is regulated by the market, and the government price management department does not directly approve the price of commercial housing. Enterprises in accordance with the "one room, one price" for the record, according to the record price for publicity and external sales. The downward range of the actual sales price of commercial housing shall not exceed 5% of the filing price. If it exceeds 5%, it is necessary to re-apply for price change procedures through the "house price online filing system".

　　At that time, the Development and Reform Commission of Feixi County, Hefei ordered the company to suspend the sale at a reduced price, and it must re-apply for price change procedures before it can be listed for sale.

　　Suzhou, which has recently led the new trend of "relaxing the price limit of new houses", was punished for reducing the price of real estate just over half a year ago, which once triggered a heated discussion.

　　In May this year, two properties in Kunshan, Suzhou — — Mengzhiyue Garden Project and Shangbin Garden Project were punished by local government departments in Kunshan for "selling at a large price without authorization". The two projects were required to be rectified immediately, and the online sign was temporarily closed. "Bad behavior" was recorded in the annual credit file.

　　Expert: canceling the "limit order" is conducive to market liquidity.

　　“‘ Limit the decline ’ Or ‘ Insured price ’ This is a difficult multi-party game. " A senior person from a large real estate company in East China told the First Financial Reporter.

　　The source said that many real estate developers who have worked for a long time have experienced the cycle of real estate price increase. At that time, it was easy to sell houses, and customers would come to the door themselves. The marketing department also had to introduce various rules to screen customers. He believes that the real estate project will eventually come to the step of drastically reducing prices and promoting sales, which is bound to be a helpless move. "The project may have faced long-term unsalable sales, or the group may have difficulties in funds, and issued instructions to quickly destock and withdraw funds. This is the market difference and the effect of the superposition of problems in the capital chain of housing enterprises."

　　"Generally speaking, in a region, several projects on sale at the same time are competing products. In this market environment, it is possible for the first to cut prices to run first, attracting customers who are interested in buying houses in the region, and the remaining projects are very difficult to do. There is basically no market with no price reduction. If you follow the trend of price reduction, the market atmosphere will be worse and a vicious circle will occur." He said.

　　For some places, the price reduction of housing enterprises is no longer restricted. He believes that in the past, most local governments had the idea of "stabilizing housing prices and stabilizing land prices", so they will control the price of new houses to remain stable. However, if the "limit order" has been implemented for a long time, the market has not improved, and local governments will consider handing over prices to the market for regulation.

　　Regarding the relaxation of the price limit of new houses, a salesperson of a first-tier real estate enterprise in Suzhou told reporters: "The first ones that drastically cut prices are the ones that are just needed. Customers are very sensitive to prices, and the price reduction strategy is more effective for them. However, for improved real estate, the price is difficult to drop, and price reduction means lowering the standard, so the situation of quality real estate in this environment is rather embarrassing. "

　　The source said that as far as she knows, some housing enterprises are facing serious capital turnover problems by the end of the year, and there is no better way to inform subsidiaries to clear their positions and withdraw funds as soon as possible.

　　Lu Wenxi, a senior analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, believes that although many places have issued "limit orders" in the past, after a long time, everyone found that "limit orders" could not really control the price reduction behavior of housing enterprises. "For example, some local governments stipulate that the discount rate of real estate should not exceed 15% of the filing price. Although real estate enterprises claim not to discount in actual operation, there are many other names, such as sending property management fees for several years, sending parking spaces, and even sending gold and cash to real estate enterprises. In fact, the limit order has already been ‘ In name only ’ 。”

　　For many homeowners who have complained about the sharp price cuts of real estate enterprises, Lu Wenxi believes that buyers need to have the spirit of contract and be responsible for their own investment behavior.

　　"After buying a house, the owner found that the house price has fallen and asked the government not to let the developer reduce the price. This request is unreasonable. The local government’s protection of the rights and interests of buyers should be reflected in urging housing enterprises to ensure that the houses are delivered on time and in good quality, instead of going to ceiling price. " Lu Wenxi told the First Financial Reporter.

　　He believes that many local governments have liberalized the price of new houses in order to maintain the liquidity of the real estate market. "If we blindly limit the price reduction of real estate enterprises, the market will be completely illiquid and completely frozen, but it will bring more problems and contradictions. Therefore, at this stage, we should let the market play its price adjustment mechanism and let the transaction volume climb up, so that the real estate sales end can recover."

　　Recently, Vice President Han Zheng, Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Pan Gongsheng, Governor of the People’s Bank of China and Director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, met with Paulson, former US Treasury Secretary and chairman of the Paulson Foundation, respectively, demonstrating China’s sincerity in improving Sino-US relations. Washington should reduce provocation, take measures and respond positively to the goodwill released by Beijing.

　　It is in the common interest of both sides to stabilize Sino-US relations. China and the United States are seeking cooperation in areas where there is no direct conflict of interest, such as climate change, and strengthening communication when they cannot be decoupled from each other. Climate change is one of the areas where the two sides can maintain exchanges at present, so that the relationship between the two countries can withstand the test of the dispute storm. However, once a conflict breaks out, all these efforts will be wasted.

　　Therefore, Washington should reduce provocation, take measures, move in the opposite direction with China, and jointly push Sino-US relations back to a healthy and stable track. For example, the United States should cancel the punitive tariffs against China initiated in July 2018 as soon as possible, and remove China enterprises from its list of so-called entities.

　　Regrettably, however, the United States added 11 China enterprises to its export control list on the grounds of "national security" on Monday.

　　It is not in the interests of the two peoples, the expectations of the international community and the development trend of the times for Sino-US relations to fall into a trough. China’s policy toward the United States is stable and continuous. It is hoped that the US policy toward China will return to a rational and pragmatic track, take concrete actions, lengthen the positive list and narrow the negative list, and work with China to explore ways for the two great powers of China and the United States to coexist peacefully.

　　Biden’s government should realize that neither the tariff war initiated by its predecessor nor the list of entities it continues to extend is the right way to handle the relations between the two countries. Both are negative assets for Washington, not strategic assets. It is time for Biden’s administration to eliminate these unreasonable burdens in Sino-US relations.

　　Beijing, July 10 (Reporter Li Jinlei) According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on the 10th, the consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.7% year-on-year in June. So far, the CPI increase has exceeded 2% for four consecutive months. Among them, the price of fruit rose by more than 40%, and the price of pig rose by more than 20%, which was the main reason for the increase of CPI in June. Experts predict that May and June will be the high point of CPI for the whole year, and then it will fall back.

　　CPI rose by more than 2% for four consecutive months.

　　Driven by the sharp rise in the prices of pork, fruit and other foods, the CPI increase in June was the same as that in May, and it continued to maintain the "2 era". So far, the year-on-year increase of CPI has exceeded 2% for four consecutive months since March this year.

　　In June, CPI rose by 2.7% year-on-year. It is basically consistent with the expectations of previous market institutions. Wind information data shows that the average forecast value of 20 research institutions for the year-on-year increase of CPI in June is 2.7%. Among them, the predicted maximum value is 2.9% and the minimum value is 2.5%.

　　Cao Heping, a professor at Peking University University of Economics, told Zhongxin.com that the price increase did not continue to expand in June, mainly because the price increase of vegetables declined.

　　The data shows that from the ring comparison, the CPI changed from flat last month to a decrease of 0.1%. In food, a large number of fresh vegetables were listed, and the price dropped by 9.7%, which affected the CPI by about 0.25 percentage points. On a year-on-year basis, the price of fresh vegetables rose by 4.2%, 9.1 percentage points lower than last month.

　　The prices of fruits and pork rose sharply.

　　The sharp rise in the prices of fruits and pork is regarded as the "culprit" for the continued rise in prices in June.

　　According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the price of fresh fruit rose by 42.7%, which affected the CPI by about 0.71 percentage points. Pork prices rose by 21.1%, affecting CPI by about 0.45 percentage points.

　　Why do the prices of fruits and pork soar? Dong Yaxiu, director of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that the price of fresh fruit rose by 42.7%, an increase of 16.0 percentage points over the previous month, which affected the increase of CPI by about 0.71 percentage points. In addition to climate and other factors, the lower price in the same period last year was also one of the reasons for the increase.

　　From the ring comparison, the centralized listing prices of fruits such as watermelon and peach decreased, but the prices of apples and pears continued to rise and the increase was relatively high. In addition, the heavy precipitation in some parts of the south affected the picking and transportation, and the prices of pitaya and pineapple rose. The national fresh fruit price rose by 5.1%, which affected the CPI increase by about 0.11 percentage points. At present, the price level is at a historical high.

　　Cao Heping believes that in addition to seasonal factors, the rising cost of fruit packaging is also the reason for the soaring fruit price. In addition to the tight supply caused by African swine fever, the increase in pork prices is also an important reason.

　　Wang Bin, deputy director of the Marketing Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said recently that the main producing areas of apples and pears suffered from abnormal weather last year, resulting in a significant decline in output; The continuous rainy weather in some parts of the south this spring has had a certain impact on vegetable production. Some of them are influenced by non-market factors. For example, due to the African swine fever epidemic, the number of live pigs has declined to some extent.

　　Will the prices of fruits and pork continue to soar?

　　For ordinary people, the most concerned question is, will the prices of fruits and pork continue to rise in the next period of time?

　　Cao Heping believes that with the influence of seasonality, weather, disasters and other factors decreasing, the logistics cost will decrease, and it is expected that the price increase of fruits and pork will gradually decrease.

　　Lian Ping, chief economist of Bank of Communications, analyzed that at present, the number of live pigs and the number of fertile sows are still declining rapidly, and the rising cycle of pork prices has been formed, which will still be an important factor driving CPI to rise in the second half of the year.

　　Wang Bin said that recently, with the temperature rising, a large number of seasonal vegetables and fruits have been put on the market, and the prices of fruits and vegetables have generally shown a downward trend, and the increase of pork prices has also slowed down compared with the previous period.

　　According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce, from June 24th to June 30th, the average wholesale prices of 30 kinds of vegetables in 36 large and medium-sized cities nationwide decreased by 3.7% compared with the beginning of June, and by 11.9% compared with the beginning of May. The average wholesale prices of 6 kinds of fruits monitored dropped by 0.2% compared with the previous week, and the increase of pork prices dropped by 3.3 percentage points.

　　What is the price trend in the second half of the year?

　　Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that CPI rose by 2.2% in the first half of the year, so what will be the price trend in the second half of the year?

　　Lian Ping said that considering the steady decline of non-food prices and core CPI, it shows that the pulling effect of total demand on prices is not obvious, and there is no significant inflation risk in the economy.

　　Lian Ping believes that the obvious decline of CPI hikes in the second half of the year and the effect of VAT tax reduction will, to some extent, offset the impact of rising pork prices on the year-on-year increase of CPI. It is expected that there will be no problem in controlling the average year-on-year increase of CPI within 2.5%.

　　Lu Yanchun, director of the price monitoring center of the National Development and Reform Commission, had predicted that May and June of this year would be the high point of CPI for the whole year, and then it would fall back and there might be a slight rebound at the end of the year. (End)

National Covid-19 vaccine

The vaccination work is being carried out in an orderly manner.

Recently,

When some citizens went to vaccinate, they found that,

A bottle of vaccine can be used by two people,

Is it the wrong number?

Is this standard operation?

On May 11th, Guangdong CDC responded: Don’t worry! This is a two-person packaged COVID-19 vaccine that has just come on the market, and one bottle can be used by two people.

△ Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Zeguo photo

What is a two-person package?

COVID-19 vaccine?

Two-person package means that one vaccine can inoculate two people, and each bottle is 1.0 ml (dosage for two people), and the dosage for each person is 0.5ml. The vaccine packaged for 2 people is exactly the same as the vaccine packaged for 1 person, except that the packaging color and filling dose are different, which does not affect the individual vaccination effect.

In fact, many vaccines are packaged in multiple doses. For example, the BCG vaccine vaccinated in obstetrics at birth is packaged in five doses, the live attenuated polio vaccine (drops) in children’s immunization program is packaged in ten doses, the group A meningococcal vaccine vaccinated at the age of six months is packaged in five doses, and the diphtheria vaccine vaccinated at the age of six is packaged in four doses.

Therefore, whether it is the vaccination effect of the vaccine or the doctor’s operation technology, everyone does not need to worry, and can be vaccinated with confidence.

△ Source: Xinhua News Agency

2-person packaged vaccine

What are the advantages?

Vaccine supply guarantee is the key factor to actively and steadily promote vaccination in Covid-19. At present, the production capacity of Covid-19 vaccine in China is greatly influenced by filling and packaging. With the approval of relevant state departments, COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers will successively produce a single COVID-19 vaccine packaged for two people.

Two-person packaging can improve the production efficiency and supply of vaccines, so that more people can get vaccinated as soon as possible, especially suitable for large-scale vaccination at present.

2-person packaged vaccine

Do you want two shots, too?

Like the vaccination procedure for a single dose, the vaccine packaged for two people needs to be vaccinated twice in the whole process, and the interval between the two doses is suggested to be greater than or equal to 3 weeks (21 days), and the second dose should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks (56 days).

The first shot was a single shot,

Can the second injection be used for two people?

The Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention said that it can be vaccinated. At present, all Covid-19 vaccines used in Guangdong are inactivated vaccines. If the first shot is inactivated vaccine, no matter whether the manufacturer is Beijing Kexing or China Bio, two doses of inactivated vaccine can be selected for the second shot.

△ Source: Xinhua News Agency

At present,

The national cumulative report of vaccination against Covid-19 vaccine.

It has exceeded 300 million doses!

However, on May 8th, Zhong Nanshan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said by video that China, as a populous country, has withstood the first stage of the epidemic since the COVID-19 epidemic occurred more than a year ago, but it can’t be ignored. "Now the global epidemic situation is still very grim, and the vaccination rate of China vaccine is still not high, which is far from universal immunization, so we still need to attach great importance to it and guard against the risk of importing the epidemic."

At present, the global epidemic situation in COVID-19 has not ended, and some countries have even lost control of the epidemic situation. We are always exposed to the risk of the epidemic situation and are always affected by imported cases. Therefore, timely vaccination is the safest, most efficient and most economical way to realize group immunity.

Five Domestic COVID-19 Vaccines

Approved conditional listing or emergency use

Beijing Bio-COVID-19 Vaccine, a national medicine, stands out from the encirclement and is the first to be certified by the World Organization. It is also the only inactivated vaccine among the six approved vaccines.

At the beginning of the epidemic, China laid out five technical routes for vaccine research and development: inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine, gene recombination vaccines, attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. At present, three Covid-19 vaccines produced by five manufacturers have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use.

Three kinds of inactivated vaccines

It was produced by Sinopharm Group China Bio-Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Beijing Institute), Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Wuhan Institute) and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Kexing Zhongwei) respectively. The main principle is to use African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells to culture and amplify the virus, inactivate the virus by β-propiolactone, retain antigen components to induce immune response, and add aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to improve immunogenicity. The vaccine needs 2 doses, and the interval between the two doses is recommended to be ≥3 weeks, and the second dose should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks.

An adenovirus vector vaccine

Produced by Kangxinuo Bio-Co., Ltd., the principle is to recombine the spike glycoprotein (S protein) gene of the new coronavirus into the replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 gene, and the recombinant adenovirus expresses Covid-19 S protein antigen in vivo to induce immune response, and the vaccine only needs one dose.

A recombinant subunit vaccine

Produced by Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the principle is to recombine the new coronavirus S protein receptor binding region (RBD) gene into China hamster ovary (CHO) cell gene, express it in vitro to form RBD dimer, and add aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to improve immunogenicity.

The vaccine needs 3 doses, and the interval between two adjacent doses is recommended to be ≥4 weeks. The second dose should be completed within 8 weeks after the first dose, and the third dose should be completed within 6 months after the first dose.

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Original title: "One COVID-19 vaccine hits 2 people, is it wrong? Guangdong CDC responded! 》

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Yinfa [2016] No.261

China People’s Bank Shanghai Headquarters, branches, business management departments, city center branches of provincial capitals, and Shenzhen center branch; China Development Bank, policy banks, state-owned commercial banks, joint-stock commercial banks and China Postal Savings Bank; China UnionPay Co., Ltd., China Payment and Clearing Association; All non-bank payment institutions:

　　In order to effectively prevent new types of illegal crimes in telecommunication networks and effectively protect people’s property safety and legitimate rights and interests, relevant matters concerning strengthening payment and settlement management are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, strengthen the management of real-name account system

　　(1) Comprehensively promote the classified management of individual accounts.

　　1. Personal bank settlement account. Since December 1, 2016, if a banking financial institution (hereinafter referred to as a bank) opens a bank settlement account for an individual, the same person can only open a Class I account in the same bank (taking a legal person as the unit, the same below), and has already opened a Class I account. If a new account is opened, a Class II account or a Class III account shall be opened. If a bank charges off-site handling fees for off-site deposit and withdrawal, transfer and other services within the bank, it shall be free within three months from the date of promulgation of this notice.

　　If an individual opens more than one Class I account in the same bank before November 30, 2016, the bank shall clean up the situation of a large number of accounts opened by the same depositor and ask the depositor to make an explanation to verify the rationality of his account opening. If it is impossible to verify the rationality of opening an account, the bank should guide depositors to cancel or merge their accounts, or take measures such as reducing the category of accounts, so that depositors can use the account classification mechanism to deposit funds reasonably and protect the safety of funds.

　　2. Personal payment account. Since December 1, 2016, if a non-bank payment institution (hereinafter referred to as the payment institution) opens a payment account for an individual, the same person can only open a Class III account in the same payment institution. The payment institution shall complete the clearing of existing payment accounts before November 30, 2016, contact the account holder to confirm the accounts that need to be kept, and reduce the category management or merge the remaining accounts; If the account holder fails to confirm the account within the specified time, the payment institution shall keep the account with high frequency of use and large amount, and can make changes according to its application later.

　　(2) Suspending the business of all accounts under the name of the account holder involved. Since January 1, 2017, if the bank account and payment account used by criminals to carry out new illegal crimes in the telecommunication network have been identified by the public security organs at or above the municipal level and included in the list of "accounts involved" in the risk event management platform for new illegal and criminal transactions in the telecommunication network, banks and payment institutions will suspend all business of the account.

　　Banks and payment institutions shall notify the account holder involved to re-verify his identity. If he fails to re-verify his identity with the bank or payment institution within 3 days, he shall suspend off-counter business for other bank accounts under the account holder’s name, and suspend all business for the payment account. After the bank and payment institution re-verify the identity of the account holder, they can resume other account businesses except the account involved; If the account holder confirms that the account has been opened under another person’s false name, he shall issue a statement to the bank and payment institution that the account has been opened under a false identity and agrees to cancel the account, and the bank and payment institution shall cancel the account.

　　(3) establishing a disciplinary mechanism for buying and selling bank accounts and payment accounts, and opening accounts under false names. Since January 1, 2017, banks and payment institutions have suspended the off-counter business of bank accounts and all the business of payment accounts for the units and individuals who have been identified by the public security organs at or above the municipal level with districts as renting, lending, selling or purchasing bank accounts (including bank cards, the same below) and related organizers, and the units and individuals who have opened bank accounts or payment accounts under the guise of other people’s identities or fictitious agency relationships for three years. The People’s Bank of China will transfer the information of the above-mentioned units and individuals to the basic database of financial credit information and announce it to the public.

　　(four) to strengthen the punishment of false accounts. When a bank handles the account opening business, it finds that an individual has opened an account by using someone else’s identity, and it shall report the case to the public security organ in time and hand over the identity certificate that has been used fraudulently to the public security organ.

　　(5) Establish a prudent verification mechanism for unit account opening. Banks and payment institutions are not allowed to open accounts for units that are listed in the "list of serious illegal and untrustworthy enterprises" by the national enterprise credit information publicity system and verified by banks and payment institutions that the registered address of the unit does not exist or that the business premises are fictitious. Banks and payment institutions should check whether the enterprise is a serious illegal enterprise at least quarterly. If the situation is true, they should suspend their business within 3 months and gradually clean up.

　　Banks and payment institutions should strengthen the verification of the unit’s willingness to open an account if there are abnormal situations such as the legal representative or responsible person’s unclear business scale and business background of the unit, and the registered place and business place are in different places. The bank shall sign the face-to-face with the legal representative or responsible person and keep the video and audio materials, etc. In principle, the non-counter business will not be opened at the initial stage of account opening, and it will be cautiously opened after further understanding. The payment institution shall keep the video and audio materials when the legal representative or person in charge of the unit opens an account.

　　When a payment institution opens a payment account as a unit, it shall refer to Article 17, Article 24 and Article 26 of the Measures for the Administration of RMB Bank Settlement Accounts (promulgated by Order No.5 of the People’s Bank of China [2003]), require the unit to provide relevant supporting documents, and independently or entrust a cooperative institution to verify the identity of customers face to face, or conduct multiple cross-verification on the basic information of the unit through at least three legal and safe external channels in a non-face-to-face manner. For the unit that has opened a payment account before the date of issuance of this notice, the payment institution shall verify its identity according to the above requirements before the end of June 2017, and may not open a new payment account for it before the verification is completed; If the verification is not completed within the time limit, the payment account will only accept and not pay. After the payment institution completes the verification, it will report the relevant information to the branch of the People’s Bank of China where the legal person is located.

　　Payment institutions should strengthen the monitoring of capital transactions and continuous customer management in using personal payment accounts to carry out business activities.

　　(six) to strengthen the audit of abnormal account opening behavior. In any of the following circumstances, banks and payment institutions have the right to refuse to open an account:

　　1. There are doubts about the identity information of the units and individuals, and the units and individuals refuse to show their auxiliary certificates.

　　2. Units and individuals organize others to open accounts at the same time or in batches.

　　3. There are obvious reasons to suspect that opening an account is engaged in illegal and criminal activities.

　　Banks and payment institutions should strengthen the monitoring of account trading activities. For accounts with no transaction records within 6 months from the date of opening an account, banks should suspend their off-counter business, payment institutions should suspend all their business, and banks and payment institutions can resume their business after re-verifying their identities with units and individuals.

　　(seven) strictly contact the corresponding relationship between the telephone number and the ID number. Banks and payment institutions shall establish a one-to-one correspondence between the contact telephone number and the number of personal identity documents, investigate and clean up the situation that many people use the same contact telephone number to open and use accounts, and contact relevant parties for confirmation. For adults to represent minors or the elderly to open an account and reserve their own contact telephone number, the relevant parties can keep it unchanged after issuing instructions; If the unit opens an account in batches and reserves the contact telephone number of financial personnel, it shall be changed to the contact telephone number of the account owner himself; If the rationality cannot be proved, the non-counter business shall be suspended in the relevant bank account, and all business shall be suspended in the payment account.

　　Second, strengthen transfer management

　　(8) Increase transfer methods and adjust transfer time. Since December 1, 2016, banks and payment institutions shall implement the following provisions when providing transfer services:

　　1. Provide depositors with a variety of transfer methods, such as real-time account arrival, ordinary account arrival and next-day account arrival, and depositors can only handle business after selecting them.

　　2. In addition to transferring money to my peer account, if an individual transfers money through self-service teller machines (including other self-service devices with deposit and withdrawal functions, the same below), the issuing bank will handle the fund transfer after 24 hours of acceptance. Within 24 hours after the issuing bank accepts the transfer, the individual may apply to the issuing bank for cancellation of the transfer. The accepting bank shall clearly indicate the processing time and revocable provisions of the transfer business in the acceptance result interface.

　　3. If the bank handles the transfer business for individuals through self-service teller machines, it shall add Chinese voice prompts, and set anti-fraud reminders through words, signs, pop-ups and so on; The non-Chinese prompt interface shall provide Chinese prompts for core key fields such as fund transfer. If it is impossible to prompt, no transfer shall be provided.

　　(9) Strengthen the management of off-counter bank transfers. Since December 1, 2016, when a bank opens a non-counter transfer business for depositors, it shall sign an agreement with depositors to stipulate the daily cumulative limit, the number of transactions and the annual cumulative limit for the transfer of non-counter channels to different bank accounts and payment accounts. If the limit and the number of transactions are exceeded, it shall be handled at the bank counter.

　　In addition to transferring money to my peers’ accounts, banks handle off-counter transfer business for individuals. If the accumulated amount in a single day exceeds 50,000 yuan, safe and reliable payment instruction verification methods such as digital certificates or electronic signatures shall be adopted. If the single-day cumulative amount of non-counter transfer in a bank account of a unit or individual exceeds 1 million yuan and 300,000 yuan respectively, the bank shall remind the unit or individual of the large transaction before the transfer can be made.

　　(ten) to strengthen the management of payment account transfer. Since December 1, 2016, when a payment institution opens a payment account for a unit or individual, it shall sign an agreement with the unit or individual to stipulate the daily cumulative transfer limit and the number of transactions between the payment account and the payment account and between the payment account and the bank account. If it exceeds the limit and the number of transactions, it shall not handle the transfer business again.

　　(eleven) to strengthen the transaction background investigation. If banks and payment institutions find that there are a large number of transfer-in and transfer-out transactions in their accounts, they should investigate the transaction background of units or individuals in accordance with the principle of "know your customers". If any abnormality is found, relevant services provided to units and individuals shall be adjusted according to the principle of prudence.

　　(twelve) to strengthen the fund settlement management of special merchants. When banks and payment institutions provide T+0 fund settlement services for special merchants, they shall strengthen transaction monitoring and risk management for special merchants, and shall not provide T+0 fund settlement services for special merchants who have been online for less than 90 days or have been trading normally for less than 30 days.

　　Third, strengthen the management of bank card business

　　(thirteen) strictly review the qualifications of special merchants and standardize the management of accepting terminals. No unit or individual may buy or sell POS machines (including MPOS), credit card readers and other acceptance terminals online. Banks and payment institutions shall conduct on-site inspections on all entity special merchants, and check the use locations of their acceptance terminals one by one. The business function will be stopped for accepting terminals that are illegally transferred and cannot confirm the actual place of use. Banks and payment institutions shall form inspection reports for future reference before November 30, 2016.

　　(fourteen) to establish and improve the information management system and blacklist management mechanism of special merchants. China Payment and Clearing Association and bank card clearing institutions shall establish and improve the information management system of special merchants, and organize banks and payment institutions to record the basic information of special merchants, the start and termination of services, and the compliance risk status in detail. Banks and payment institutions shall prudently provide services to the same special merchants or special merchants controlled by the same person who repeatedly change service institutions and other abnormal situations.

　　China Payment and Clearing Association and bank card clearing institution shall establish and improve the blacklist management mechanism of special merchants, and blacklist the special merchants whose services have been terminated by banks and payment institutions due to major violations, their legal representatives or responsible persons, special merchants and related individuals identified by public security organs as facilitating the transfer of illegal and criminal activities, and units and individuals with trading accounts identified by public security organs. China Payment and Clearing Association shall transfer the blacklist information to the basic database of financial credit information. Banks and payment institutions shall not expand the blacklisted units and units with relevant individuals as legal representatives or responsible persons into special merchants; If it has been expanded into a special merchant, it shall be retired within 10 days from the date when the special merchant is blacklisted.

　　Fourth, strengthen the monitoring of suspicious transactions

　　(fifteen) to ensure that the transaction information is true, complete and traceable. When a payment institution cooperates with a bank to carry out bank account payment or collection business, it shall strictly implement the Administrative Measures for Bank Card Receipt Business (promulgated by Order No.9 [2013] of the People’s Bank of China) and the Administrative Measures for Online Payment Business of Non-bank Payment Institutions (promulgated by Announcement No.43 [2015] of the People’s Bank of China) to ensure the authenticity, integrity and traceability of transaction information and the consistency in the whole payment process. Banks and payment institutions shall complete the system transformation in accordance with the technical standards of financial industry related to online payment messages before March 31, 2017. If the transformation is not completed within the time limit, the relevant business shall be suspended.

　　(16) Strengthen account monitoring. Banks and payment institutions shall strengthen the monitoring of bank accounts and payment accounts, and establish and improve the monitoring model of suspicious transactions. Accounts and their fund transfers with the characteristics of suspicious transactions such as centralized transfer to decentralized transfer (see Annex 1 for details) shall be included in suspicious transactions.

　　For accounts listed in suspicious transactions, banks and payment institutions shall verify the transactions with relevant units or individuals; If the bank and payment institution still consider the account suspicious after verification, the bank shall suspend the off-counter business of the account, and the payment institution shall suspend all business of the account, and submit suspicious transaction reports or key suspicious transaction reports in accordance with the regulations; Anyone suspected of violating the law or committing a crime shall report to the local public security organ in time.

　　(seventeen) to strengthen the monitoring of suspicious transactions in payment and settlement. China Payment and Clearing Association and bank card clearing institutions shall, according to the suspicious transactions provided by public security organs, banks and payment institutions, construct a suspicious transaction monitoring model and publish it to banks and payment institutions.

　　Five, improve the emergency stop payment and quick freezing mechanism.

　　(eighteen) straighten out the working mechanism, access to the new illegal and criminal transaction risk event management platform of telecommunication network on schedule. Before November 30, 2016, the payment institution shall straighten out the workflow of assisting the competent authority to inquire, stop payment, freeze and deduct; Realize the query of account information and transaction flow, as well as account stop payment, freezing and deduction; Designate a special person to be responsible for assisting in the inquiry, payment suspension, freezing and deduction, and shall not shirk or delay. Banks and payment institutions engaged in online payment shall, in accordance with the relevant requirements, complete the development and transformation of the core system of their own units on time, and all of them will be connected to the new risk event management platform of illegal and criminal transactions in the telecommunication network before the end of 2016.

　　Six, increase the crackdown on unlicensed institutions.

　　(nineteen) to dispose of unlicensed institutions according to law. Branches of the People’s Bank of China shall make full use of the special risk rectification mechanism of payment institutions, strengthen cooperation with local governments, industrial and commercial departments, and public security organs, promptly issue administrative confirmation opinions on illegal fund payment and settlement, intensify the crackdown on unlicensed institutions, and dispose of a number of unlicensed operating institutions as soon as possible according to law. The Shanghai headquarters of the People’s Bank of China, all branches, business management departments, and city center branches of provincial capitals shall fill in the Work Schedule for Special Renovation of Unlicensed Payment Business on a monthly basis (see Annex 2) and report the work progress in their respective jurisdictions to the Head Office.

　　Seven, the establishment of accountability mechanism.

　　(twenty) strict punishment, the implementation of accountability. Branches, banks and payment institutions of the People’s Bank of China shall perform their duties and ensure that the work of cracking down on new types of illegal crimes in telecommunications networks has achieved practical results.

　　Where a new type of illegal and criminal case of telecommunication network occurs, the implementation of the responsibilities of banks and payment institutions should be investigated. Banks and payment institutions that violate the relevant systems and the provisions of this notice shall be punished in accordance with the relevant provisions; If the circumstances are serious, the People’s Bank of China shall be punished according to the provisions of Article 46 of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the People’s Bank of China, and may take regulatory measures to suspend the opening of new accounts and handle payment business for one month to six months.

　　Where the supervision responsibility of the branches of the People’s Bank of China is not implemented, resulting in the failure of banks and payment institutions within their jurisdiction to perform their duties effectively, and the public has suffered serious financial losses in the new illegal and criminal activities of telecommunications networks, resulting in adverse social impacts, the branches of the People’s Bank of China should be held accountable.

　　Branches of the People’s Bank of China, banks, payment institutions, China Payment and Clearing Association and bank card clearing institutions shall report the implementation of this notice to the head office of the People’s Bank of China and fill in relevant statistical tables (see Annex 3 for specific submission methods and contents).

　　The Shanghai Headquarters of the People’s Bank of China, branches, business management departments, provincial capital city sub-branches and Shenzhen city sub-branches are requested to forward this notice to city commercial banks, rural commercial banks, rural cooperative banks, village banks, urban credit cooperatives, rural credit cooperatives and foreign banks within their respective jurisdictions in a timely manner.

　　All units in the implementation of any problems, please report to the people’s bank in a timely manner.

People’s Bank of China

September 30, 2016

Jing Min Zhi Fa [2016] No.219

District Civil Affairs Bureau:

　　The "Guidelines for Administrative Law Enforcement of Social Assistance (Trial)" are hereby printed and distributed to you, please follow them.

Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau

June 2, 2016

Guidelines on Administrative Law Enforcement of Social Assistance (Trial Implementation)

Chapter I General Principles

　　the first　In order to regulate the city’s administrative law enforcement in the field of social assistance, ensure that administrative organs perform their duties according to law, and strictly enforce the law according to procedures, these guidelines are formulated in accordance with the Administrative Punishment Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Interim Measures for Social Assistance (Order No.649 of the State Council), the Regulations on the Minimum Living Security for Urban Residents (Order No.271 of the State Council) and other laws and regulations.

　　the second　The term "administrative law enforcement" as mentioned in these Guidelines refers to the investigation and punishment of the following illegal acts according to law:

　　(a) in violation of Article 68 of the Interim Measures for Social Assistance, defrauding social assistance funds, materials or services by means of false reporting, concealment or forgery;

　　(two) in violation of the provisions of the first paragraph of Article 14 of the Regulations on the Minimum Living Security for Urban Residents, take false reports, concealment, forgery and other means to defraud the enjoyment of the minimum living security for urban residents;

　　(3) In violation of the second paragraph of Article 14 of the Regulations on Minimum Living Security for Urban Residents, the family income has improved during the period of enjoying the minimum living security for urban residents, and the management examination and approval authority is not informed as required, and the urban residents continue to enjoy the minimum living security.

　　Article　After discovering the above-mentioned illegal acts, the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall investigate and deal with them in strict accordance with laws and regulations and the provisions of these Guidelines. Failing to investigate and deal with it in accordance with the regulations, it will be handed over to the supervision department to investigate the responsibility of the relevant staff.

　　Article 4　Administrative punishment should adhere to:

　　(a) the principle of administration according to law, the appropriate use of discretion;

　　(two) the principle of reasonable administration, combining education with punishment;

　　(3) The principles of fairness, justice and openness.

Chapter II Jurisdiction and Acceptance

　　Article 5　The jurisdiction of the Civil Affairs Bureau of each district over social assistance cases shall be determined according to the principle of "whoever approves shall have jurisdiction".

　　If the District Civil Affairs Bureau investigates illegal acts across administrative regions, the relevant Civil Affairs Bureau shall actively cooperate and assist in the investigation.

　　Article 6　If the District Civil Affairs Bureau receives the report and can answer whether it is accepted or not on the spot, it shall answer it on the spot. If you can’t answer on the spot, you should inform the reporter whether to accept it afterwards.

　　Reports that meet the following conditions shall be accepted:

　　(a) there are clear parties;

　　(2) Being under the jurisdiction of this organ;

　　(three) there are specific clues or evidence that there may be illegal facts.

　　For a report that does not fall within the scope of acceptance by this bureau, it shall inform the informant to reflect to the civil affairs bureau with jurisdiction, or transfer the received materials to the civil affairs bureau with jurisdiction, and inform the informant.

　　Article 7　To accept the report, it shall fill in the information registration form (Annex 2) for accepting and reporting suspected illegal information, and clarify the basic information and report contents of the informant and the reported person.

　　If the contents of the report are unclear, you can ask the informant to supplement the information.

　　The Civil Affairs Bureau of each district and its staff shall strengthen the custody of the reporting materials, pay attention to confidentiality, and shall not disclose the information of informants, so as to protect their legitimate rights and interests according to law.

Chapter III Verification and Filing

　　Article 8　The District Civil Affairs Bureau shall promptly organize the verification of the accepted reports and illegal clues found by other channels.

　　If the verification shows that the following conditions are met, the case shall be filed:

　　(a) there are clear parties;

　　(2) Being under the jurisdiction of this organ;

　　(3) There is evidence to prove that there may be illegal facts.

　　Do not meet the above conditions, shall not be filed.

　　Article 9　The filing approval form (Annex 3) and filing report (Annex 4) shall be filled in and submitted to the person in charge of the District Civil Affairs Bureau for approval.

Chapter iv investigation and evidence collection

　　Article 10　After filing a case, the case-handling personnel shall promptly investigate and collect evidence. When conducting on-site investigation, the case-handling personnel shall not be less than two, and shall take the initiative to show their law enforcement certificates.

　　Article 11　To investigate and deal with illegal acts of social assistance, the parties concerned should be consistent with the family members who enjoy social assistance.

　　All family members who enjoy social assistance should be taken as the object of investigation. Family members may authorize the holder, the head of household or other family members with full civil capacity to accept the investigation, sign documents, exercise rights and perform obligations on their behalf by signing the power of attorney (Annex 5).

　　Article 12　If the case-handling personnel have a direct interest with the parties concerned, they should withdraw. The parties have the right to apply for the withdrawal of the case-handling personnel, and the case-handling personnel may also withdraw themselves. Whether to avoid it or not is decided by the person in charge of the District Civil Affairs Bureau.

　　Article 13　Investigators should focus on the age and capacity of the parties, illegal facts, harmful consequences, discretion and other aspects, comprehensively, objectively and impartially investigate and collect the following types of evidence:

　　(1) Documentary evidence: refers to written materials whose contents prove the facts to be proved;

　　(2) Material evidence: refers to the evidence that proves the facts to be proved by material entities;

　　(3) Witness’s testimony: the witness’s statement about the case;

　　(4) Audio-visual materials and electronic data: that is, evidence to prove the facts to be proved by means of audio recording, video recording, scanning and electronic technology;

　　(5) Statement of the parties: the direct and indirect statements of the parties to the case;

　　(6) Appraisal opinions: technical conclusions made on special issues related to the case;

　　(7) Records of inquests and on-site records: records of inquests and inspections made on the site or articles related to the case.

　　The above evidence must be verified before it can be used as the basis for ascertaining the facts.

　　Article 14　When investigating the situation from the parties, witnesses or other relevant personnel, the case-handling personnel shall make a separate inquiry and make an inquiry record (Annex 6).

　　The record of inquiry shall be checked by the person being questioned. If there are errors or omissions in the interrogation record, the person questioned shall be allowed to correct or supplement it. The correction should be confirmed by signing or pressing the fingerprint. If the person being questioned has no reading ability, the case-handling personnel shall read it out to him.

　　After the interrogation record is verified, the person being questioned shall sign the interrogation record page by page or press the fingerprint.

　　The case-handling personnel shall sign the inquiry record. If the parties and relevant personnel refuse to sign or press fingerprints, two or more law enforcement officers shall indicate the situation in the record and sign it.

　　Article 15　The case-handling personnel may require the parties, witnesses or other relevant personnel to provide proof materials, and ask them to sign or press their fingerprints on the provided materials.

　　Article 16　The case-handling personnel shall collect and retrieve the original documents and materials related to the case as documentary evidence and material evidence. If it is really difficult to collect and retrieve the original and the original, copies and photos that have been verified with the original and the original shall be collected, marked with "verified with the original" and the source, and signed or fingerprinted by the issuer.

　　Article 17　When collecting audio-visual materials, the case-handling personnel shall indicate the production method, production time, producer and object of proof, etc.

　　Article 18　Investigators should focus on the relevance, legitimacy and authenticity of the evidence, and verify the evidence for the probative effect.

　　Article 19　For the collected evidence materials, the case-handling personnel shall make a catalogue of evidence, and briefly explain the sources, objects and contents of the evidence materials.

Chapter V Statement, Defense and Hearing

　　Article 20　Before making an administrative penalty, the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall make a notice of administrative penalty in advance (Annex 7) and serve it on all parties, inform the parties of the facts, reasons and basis of the administrative decision or administrative penalty to be made, and inform the parties that they have the right to state and defend according to law.

　　Statements and defenses can be made in written or oral form. If a party makes an oral proposal, the case-handling personnel shall make a statement record and submit it to the party for verification before signing or pressing the fingerprint.

　　Article 21　District Civil Affairs Bureau shall make a hearing notice (Annex 8) and serve it on all parties before making a decision on all family members to impose a larger fine than that of 1000 yuan, informing them that they have the right to request a hearing.

　　A hearing shall be held in accordance with the provisions of the Measures for the Implementation of Administrative Punishment Hearing Procedures in Beijing.

Chapter VI Review and Decision

　　Article 22　At the end of the case investigation, the case-handling personnel shall fill in the approval form for administrative punishment (Annex 9) or order it to be corrected (Annex 10), and attach the report on the end of the case investigation (Annex 11).

　　The case-handling personnel shall submit the files to the legal affairs office of the District Civil Affairs Bureau or the person in charge of legal affairs for examination. After the audit, the case-handling personnel will report the files and audit opinions to the person in charge of the District Civil Affairs Bureau for approval.

　　Article 23　The person in charge of the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall review the investigation results of the case and make administrative decisions or administrative punishment decisions according to different situations:

　　(a) the illegal facts can not be established, or the illegal act is minor and the parties take the initiative to refund, and those who have not filed a case may decide not to file a case, and those who have filed a case may terminate the investigation;

　　(2) If the illegal facts are verified, an administrative decision shall be given to stop social assistance; if the illegal fraudulent social assistance funds and materials are verified, an administrative decision shall be given to order correction;

　　(three) illegal acts should be given administrative punishment, given a warning (only for urban residents) or 1 to 3 times the fine of administrative punishment, the specific discretion standard in accordance with the "Beijing civil administrative punishment discretion standard" provisions.

　　The person in charge of the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall make a collective discussion and decision if the circumstances of the case are complicated or the family is fined more than 1000 yuan for major illegal acts.

　　Article 24　If more than two years have passed since the termination of the illegal act to the day when the illegal act is discovered, administrative punishment will no longer be given, but an administrative decision can be given to order the return of illegally obtained social assistance funds and materials based on the illegal facts.

　　The date of discovery of the illegal act shall be subject to the date of filing for examination and approval; If it is found to be true after being reported by the masses, the time of acceptance of the report shall prevail.

　　Article 25　If the District Civil Affairs Bureau decides to stop the assistance to the parties concerned and orders them to return the assistance funds and materials, it shall make an administrative decision (Annex 12 of the decision to stop sending or Annex 13 of the decision to order correction).

　　If the District Civil Affairs Bureau decides to give a warning or a fine to the party concerned, it shall make a written decision on administrative punishment (Annex 14).

Chapter VII Service and Execution

　　Article 26　The written decision on administrative punishment and the written decision on administrative punishment shall be directly delivered to the parties within 7 days after being made. If the addressee is not in person, hand it over to the adult family members who live with him for signature; If the addressee has an entrusted agent, it may send it to his agent for signature.

　　Article 27　When handling documents, the case-handling personnel shall make a receipt (Annex 15), and the addressee shall sign the receipt and record the date and time of receipt.

　　The date of receipt by the addressee on the service receipt shall be the date of service.

　　If an agent is entrusted to collect documents, the words "I am responsible for conveying" shall be indicated on the receipt of service.

　　Article 28　If the addressee refuses to sign for the legal documents, the addressee shall invite the representatives of the relevant grass-roots organizations or units to be present, explain the situation, record the reasons and date for refusing to sign for them on the service receipt, and sign them by the addressee and witnesses, and leave the legal documents at the addressee’s residence, which shall be deemed as service. The process of refusing to sign by the parties needs to be recorded.

　　The representatives of relevant grass-roots organizations and their units may be the staff of the neighborhood (village) committees where the addressee lives and the staff of the unit where the addressee works.

　　If the representatives and other witnesses of the relevant grass-roots organizations or units are unwilling to sign the service receipt, the service person shall record the situation on the service receipt, leave the service document at the addressee’s residence, and record the service process by taking photos, videos, etc., which shall be deemed as service.

　　Article 29　If it is difficult to serve legal documents directly, they may be served by mail. If it is delivered by post, the date of receipt indicated on the receipt shall be the date of delivery.

　　Article 30　If it cannot be served by other means specified in this chapter, it shall be served by public announcement. After 60 days from the date of announcement, it shall be deemed to have been delivered. By way of public announcement, the reason and course shall be recorded in the case file.

　　Article 31　If a party refuses to accept the administrative penalty or administrative decision of the Civil Affairs Bureau, applies for administrative reconsideration or brings an administrative lawsuit, the execution of the administrative penalty or administrative decision shall not be suspended, except as otherwise provided by law.

　　Article 32　If the District Civil Affairs Bureau imposes fines on the parties, it shall strictly implement the system of separation of fines collection. District Civil Affairs Bureau and case handlers shall not collect fines by themselves. The parties concerned shall, within 15 days from the date of receiving the decision on administrative punishment, pay the fine at the designated bank, and the fine shall be directly turned over to the state treasury.

　　Article 33　Relief materials returned according to law shall be handled in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Urban and Rural Social Assistance Funds in Beijing.

　　Article 34　If a party fails to perform the administrative decision and the administrative penalty decision within the time limit, the civil affairs department may take the following measures:

　　(1) If a fine is not paid at the due date, a fine of 3% of the fine amount shall be added daily, and the standard of adding the fine shall be informed to the parties concerned, and the amount of adding the fine shall not exceed the original fine amount;

　　(2) Apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution;

　　(3) Other measures prescribed by law.

Chapter VIII Enforcement and Transfer

　　Article 35　If a party concerned fails to apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit within the statutory time limit, nor complies with the administrative decision or administrative penalty decision, the Civil Affairs Bureau that made the decision may, within three months from the date of expiration of the time limit, apply to the people’s court for compulsory execution in accordance with the provisions.

　　Article 36　Before applying to the people’s court for compulsory execution, the Civil Affairs Bureau shall urge the parties to perform their obligations. If the parties still fail to perform their obligations ten days after the notice is served, they may apply to the people’s court where the parties are located for compulsory execution. Citizens who fail to perform administrative punishment shall be forced to perform their obligations by the applied people’s court according to law.

　　Article 37　With the approval of the person in charge of the District Civil Affairs Bureau, the following cases that meet the standards of criminal prosecution and are suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to the public security organ at the same level:

　　(a) the value of funds, services and materials defrauded is more than 5,000 yuan but less than 100,000 yuan, and the funds, services or materials defrauded are not returned in accordance with the requirements of administrative decisions;

　　(2) The value of funds, services and materials defrauded exceeds 100,000 yuan.

Chapter IX Closing and Filing

　　Article 38　In any of the following circumstances, the case shall be closed:

　　(a) the administrative decision or administrative punishment decision has been completed;

　　(2) The illegal facts are not established;

　　(three) has been transferred to the public security organs.

　　The case handling approval form (Annex 16) and the closing report (Annex 17) shall be made when the case is closed.

　　Article 39　After the case is closed, the District Civil Affairs Bureau shall timely file the case materials. The files are made in accordance with the "Beijing Administrative Punishment File Standard".

　　Article 40　After the case file is filed, no one may add or extract the case file materials without permission.

Chapter X Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 41　The provisions of the relevant period in these Provisions shall be calculated according to natural days.

　　The time and day when the period begins are not counted. The period does not include the time in transit. If the last day of the period expires is a legal holiday, the first day after the holiday shall be the date of the period expiration.

　　Article 42　The Civil Affairs Comprehensive Law Enforcement Supervision Brigade shall be responsible for the interpretation of these Guidelines.

　　Article 43　These guidelines shall come into force as of the date of issuance.