On October 18th, the National Bureau of Statistics announced the report card of the national economy in the first three quarters of 2019 — —

　　□ According to preliminary accounting, the GDP in the first three quarters was 69,779.8 billion yuan, with a year-on-year increase of 6.2% at comparable prices. Among them, it increased by 6.4% in the first quarter, 6.2% in the second quarter and 6.0% in the third quarter.

　　□ In the face of the complicated situation in which risks and challenges at home and abroad have increased significantly, China’s national economy is generally stable, the economic structure has been continuously optimized, and people’s livelihood and well-being have been continuously improved. From the next stage, although the external environment is severe and complicated, there are many powerful domestic supporting factors. It is conditional and supportive to keep the economy running smoothly in the next step.

　　There are still many positive factors supporting smooth operation.

　　In the first three quarters of this year, GDP increased by 6.2% year-on-year, of which the growth rate in the third quarter was 6.0%. The cumulative growth rate of GDP in the first three quarters and the growth rate in the current quarter all showed a continuous slowdown trend.

　　At the press conference held by the State Council Information Office on October 18th, Mao Shengyong, spokesman of the National Bureau of Statistics, said, "Since the beginning of this year, the growth of the world economy and international trade has slowed down, and the domestic economy is under great downward pressure. The central government issued a series of counter-cyclical adjustment policies and measures in a timely manner, which well withstood the downward pressure on the economy. "

　　Mao Shengyong said that although the GDP growth rate has slowed down, the growth rate of 6.2% is among the best in the world’s major economies; It is preliminarily estimated that 6.2% is still the fastest among the economies with a global economic aggregate of more than $1 trillion; Compared with the past, the growth rate of 6.2% is moderate to high, but it is still high in the world.

　　From the main indicators, it is generally maintained in a reasonable range. In terms of employment, the unemployment rate in the national urban survey in September was 5.2%, which was the same as last month; In the first nine months, the new employment in cities and towns basically achieved the annual target and task. From the price point of view, the year-on-year increase of CPI in September has expanded, but the increase of core CPI after deducting food and energy is 1.5%; In the first nine months, the average year-on-year increase of CPI was 2.5%, which was a moderate increase. In terms of income, the per capita disposable income of the national residents actually increased by 6.1% in the first three quarters, which was basically in sync with the economic growth rate and faster than the per capita GDP growth rate. From the ecological environment, the energy intensity continued to decline in the first three quarters, and the proportion of production and use of clean energy continued to increase.

　　In addition, although the external environment is severe and complicated, there are many powerful domestic supporting factors, and it is conditional and supportive to keep the economy running smoothly in the next step.

　　For example, the supporting capacity of the service industry is constantly increasing. In the first three quarters, the growth rate of added value of service industry was 7%; In the consumption expenditure, the growth rate of service consumption exceeds 10%. The consumption potential is constantly released. The contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth in the first three quarters remained above 60%. The trend of transformation and upgrading continues to develop. From the perspective of manufacturing, the added value of high-tech industries in industries above designated size increased by 11% year-on-year in September, 4.9 percentage points faster than last month; The growth rate of strategic emerging industries also exceeded 9% in September. From the perspective of investment, investment in short-board and high-tech fields continued to maintain relatively rapid growth. From January to September, the growth rate of investment in high-tech industries and social fields was above 13%. The policy effect continues to appear. The state has issued a series of policies to reduce taxes and fees, and the effects are constantly emerging. At the same time, it has also increased the scale of local special bonds and accelerated the issuance progress, and the effect has also been constantly emerging. Increasing support for the real economy in the financial sector and promoting the downward trend of real interest rates are also effective. Some effects are emerging, and some effects will continue to emerge later.

　　The ability to absorb employment has been further enhanced.

　　Generally speaking, employment and economic growth are highly correlated. In the first three quarters, although the economic growth rate slowed down, the employment situation was generally stable. There were 10.97 million new jobs in cities and towns across the country, and 99.7% of the annual targets and tasks were completed. In September, the national urban survey unemployment rate was 5.2%, the same as last month. Among them, the survey unemployment rate of the population aged 25 to 59 is 4.6%, which is 0.6 percentage points lower than the national urban survey unemployment rate. The survey unemployment rate in 31 big cities and towns was 5.2%, which was the same as last month.

　　Mao Shengyong analyzed that although China’s economic growth rate has slowed down slightly, this speed is still relatively good in the world. In addition, with the expansion of economic volume, the economic increment brought by each percentage point increase is also expanding, and the scale of employment that can be absorbed is also increasing.

　　At present, the steady growth of employment in China is also closely related to the changes in industrial structure. In recent years, China’s service industry has maintained rapid growth, and the proportion of added value of service industry in GDP continues to increase. The absorption capacity of such industrial structure for employment is constantly increasing, and the employment elasticity of economic growth is increasing.

　　In addition, the state has introduced a proactive employment policy. For example, a series of policies such as promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation, implementing more flexible employment policies, especially helping key employment groups, such as increasing employment training, have also achieved good results. New industries, new formats and new business models are constantly growing, providing space for the expansion of employment scale and employment capacity.

　　"We must also see that there are indeed some structural contradictions within the current employment." Mao Shengyong analyzed that the national urban survey unemployment rate is relatively stable, but there are also some areas where the survey unemployment rate is relatively high. The unemployment rate of young people is higher than the overall unemployment rate, and it is relatively difficult for college students to find jobs. The structural contradiction now is that on the one hand, it is difficult for enterprises to recruit workers, and at the same time, it is difficult for some college students to find jobs.

　　There is still huge room for future investment growth.

　　Investment plays a very important role in China’s economic growth. In the first three quarters, the national fixed assets investment (excluding farmers) was 46,120.4 billion yuan, up 5.4% year-on-year, of which the manufacturing investment increased by 2.5%. In the first three quarters, the contribution rate of capital formation to GDP growth was 19.8%.

　　In response to a reporter’s question from the Economic Daily, Mao Shengyong said that in the first three quarters, although the growth rate of national fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) slowed down slightly compared with the previous eight months, structurally, the growth rate of tertiary industry investment in the first three quarters was 7.2%, which was a relatively fast growth. Investment in some social fields and high-tech fields is also growing rapidly. The growth rate of investment in high-tech industries and social fields is 13% or above in the first nine months, which is conducive to filling shortcomings and enhancing development potential.

　　Recently, the growth rate of manufacturing investment and private investment has slowed down. Mao Shengyong said that this shows that the real economy is facing many difficulties, and it is necessary to further intensify efforts to implement the policies promulgated by the central government, further optimize the business environment, strengthen property rights protection and strengthen financing support in supporting the real economy and promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and private enterprises, and enhance entrepreneurs’ confidence. Although some achievements have been made in these areas, we will continue to increase our efforts.

　　From the perspective of infrastructure investment, in the first three quarters, infrastructure investment increased by 4.5%, and the growth rate rebounded. Mao Shengyong analyzed that since the beginning of this year, the central government has increased the scale of local special debts and allocated the progress ahead of schedule. In the process of issuing local special bonds, the central government or relevant departments have considered the local debt tolerance. In the next step, through the issuance of special bonds, I hope to better promote private capital to do a good job in infrastructure construction together. With the active participation of social capital, infrastructure investment has a good rebound momentum.

　　Mao Shengyong said that consumption is the final demand, and if there is final demand, it needs supply. To form supply, it is necessary to increase investment. Investment is an important variable of consumption and an important content of supply. For example, increasing investment in infrastructure and public services will not only increase investment itself, but also expand consumption and improve people’s living standards; If an enterprise expands its investment in reproduction, it can increase its supply capacity and improve its supply level. Enterprises can improve the quality and level of supply system and promote technological progress by increasing investment in equipment renewal and technological transformation. Therefore, expanding effective investment can not only expand demand, but also expand supply level, improve supply quality, optimize supply structure, promote technological progress and promote transformation and upgrading. No matter from the demand side or the supply side, the investment potential and space in China is still huge. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Lin Huocan)

　　　 From 776 BC to 394 AD, the ancient Olympic Games lasted for 1168 years and was held for 293 times. According to its origin and rise and fall, it can be roughly divided into three periods:
　　　　 (1) From 776 BC to 388 BC, in 776 BC, Evy Tus, the ruler of the Peloponnesus, tried to integrate religion with sports. It not only innovates religious ceremonies, but also organizes large-scale sports competitions and activities, and decides to hold them every four years. The time is set after the summer solstice of leap year. Therefore, the ancient Olympic Games in 776 BC officially went down in history and became the first session of the ancient Olympic Games. There was only one event. Site run, with a distance of 192.27 meters.

　　　 Although there were disputes among the city-states in this period, Greece was an independent country with developed politics, economy and culture, which was the golden age of the Games. Especially in 490 BC, after Athens, Greece, defeated the Persian army in the Marathon Valley, the people’s feelings were vigorous, and the national prestige was greatly enhanced. Many sports facilities and temples were built, and the contestants spread all over the Greek city-States. The Olympic Games was at its peak and became the biggest festival in Greece.

　　　　 (2) From 388 BC to 146 BC, it began to decline. Due to the long Peloponnesian War between Sparta and Athens (from 431 BC to 404 BC), Greece’s national strength was greatly reduced, and Macedonia gradually annexed Greece. Philip, the king of Macedonia, also took part in horse racing by himself. Later, Alexander the Great actively supported the Olympic Games, although he didn’t like sports activities, and regarded it as the highest opening ceremony of sports activities in ancient Greece, adding facilities for it. However, during this period, the spirit of the ancient Olympic Games has greatly faded, and professional athletes began to appear.

　　　　 (3) From 146 BC to 394 AD, the ancient Olympic Games went from decline to destruction. After the Roman Empire ruled Greece, Olympic Games were still held at first, but Olympia was not the only place to compete. For example, in the 175th Olympic Games in 80 BC, Rome’s economic laws called excellent athletes to compete in Rome, while Olympia only held junior competitions. At this time, professional athletes began to appear in large numbers, and the Olympic Games became a competition for professional athletes, and the Greeks lost interest in it. After the 2nd century A.D., Christianity ruled the whole of Europe, including Greece, advocating asceticism, advocating the separation of soul and body, and opposing sports, which made Europe in a dark age, and the Olympic Games declined even more, until it existed in name only. In 393 AD, the Roman emperor Theodosius I declared Christianity as the state religion, and thought that the ancient Olympic Games were against the purpose of Christianity and were pagan activities. The following year, he announced the abolition of the ancient Olympic Games. In 895 AD, the Byzantines fought fiercely with the Goethe’s Alphonse River, which destroyed all the facilities in Olympia. In 426 AD, Theodosius II burned the remnants of the Olympia building. In 522 and 511, two strong earthquakes occurred one after another, which completely destroyed Olympia. In this way, the ancient Olympic Games, which has been postponed for more than 1000 years, no longer exists, and the prosperous Olympia has become a ruin.　
　
　　　　　　　　　　　 Competition schedule and events of ancient Olympic Games　
　　
　　　 From the 1st session, the ancient Olympic Games decided to be held once every four years, and each session lasted only one day. With the increasing number of events, since the 22nd ancient Olympic Games, the organizers decided to change the competition time to 3 days, and the whole duration will be 5 days with the opening ceremony, closing ceremony and celebration activities. The number of events increased as pentathlon (discus, javelin, long jump, wrestling and running), boxing, wrestling, chariot racing and horse racing.

　　　 The ancient Olympic Games were held in 293 sessions from the first session in 776 BC to 394 BC, all of which were held in the Olympia Stadium in ancient Greece. The playing field is built next to the hill in the north of the Alphonse Valley. After renovation, the hill became a stand, which could initially accommodate 20,000 spectators, and then expanded to 45,000 people, with 160 VIP seats. The playing field is 212 meters long and 32 meters wide, and the runway is 192.25 meters long. The surface has not been specially treated, and the starting place is paved with marble. There is a driving range in the southwest of the stadium, which is surrounded by stone pillars to form a courtyard. A conference hall, dressing room and bathroom are built on one side. There is also a 770m× 320m racecourse for horse racing and carriage racing.
　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Punishment rules of ancient Olympic Games　
　
　　　　 The rules of the ancient Olympic Games were very strict, and offenders were severely punished. This shows their sense of honor and disgrace. The ancient Greeks believed that the Olympic Games were sacred, and winning aboveboard was the most glorious. On the contrary, it is a blasphemy against the sacred cause.

　　　 The ancient Olympic Games hated cheaters. At the 90th ancient Olympic Games, a player named Lihas won the championship. He claimed to be a Spartan, but after verification, he was from another city-state, so he was ranked. In the ancient Olympic Games, hell to pay was the one who paid bribes. Not only should he be deprived of the title of champion, but he should also be fined heavily to warn people, and the fine was used to carve the statue of Zeus. At the 98th ancient Olympic Games, a boxer won by bribing three other opponents, and all four were fined heavily. The organizers of the ancient Olympic Games carved four statues of Zeus with the fines of these four people, and one of them was engraved with the following warning: Olympic victory cannot be bought with money, but depends on fast feet and strong body.　

　　　　　　　　　　　　 Characteristics of ancient Olympic Games　

　　　　 The ancient Olympic Games had three characteristics. First, the ancient Olympic Games was an all-Greek comprehensive event with rich and colorful contents. Including offering sacrifices to Zeus, worshipping and celebrating the birthday of gods, poets reciting works, speakers delivering speeches, and developing market trade, sports competition is only one of them. The Second Ancient Olympic Games is a part of Greek national culture, which has played a positive role in uniting people of all ethnic groups, safeguarding national unity, reducing and stopping wars, and has a very close relationship with politics. Thirdly, determined by the ancient Greek customs, artistic style, geographical environment and material production, "naked sports" is a major feature of it. During the competition, naked athletes are required to be covered with olive oil, so that their bodies will shine under the sunlight, their muscles will be more elastic, and their bodybuilding posture will be more displayed, so that people can enjoy beauty from it.

　　　 In addition, the rules of the ancient Greek Olympic Games stipulated that women were forbidden to participate in and visit the games, and violators were subject to capital punishment. There are two reasons: First, in most events of the ancient Olympic Games, athletes were required to compete naked for a long time, and it was indecent for women to be present. Second, sports competitions in ancient Greece were one of the contents of religious celebrations, and women were not allowed to attend. It is said that the original athletes in the ancient Olympic Games competed in animal skins. In a competition, a player wearing a lion’s skin accidentally dropped the lion’s skin to the ground, and he suddenly became naked, but he did not affect his competition. Finally, he defeated his opponent and won the olive crown. In this unexpected "accident", people found that nudity can better reflect muscle fitness and appreciate a special charm, so it is stipulated that all naked competitions will be held in the future.

　　　 Naked sports is a unique feature of ancient Greek culture and art, with a long history. The "era of power" in ancient Greek history refers to this period. This is reflected in the works of ancient Greek sculptors and artists, whose works depict naked people. At that time, muscular and strong, it was recognized as a symbol of beauty.
　
　　　　　　　　　　　 Award ceremony of ancient Olympic Games　
　
　　　　 The awarding ceremony of the ancient Olympic Games was solemn and grand. The awarding platform is located in front of the statue of Zeus, and the olive crown is placed on a special tripod. When awarding prizes, the reporter first announces the athletes’ names, competition results, the city-state to which they belong and the names of the athletes’ parents. Then the emcee led the winner to the host, who got up, took the olive crown off the tripod and put it on the winner. At this time, the audience sang, recited poems, played music, cheered and threw flowers at the athletes. Although the rewards for winning athletes in the ancient Olympic Games have been changed many times, the principles are all focused on spiritual rewards. There are also material rewards, but they are quite meager.

　　　　 Taking the olive branch as the spirit of the ancient Olympic Games and as a symbol of the Olympic spirit has profound implications and far-reaching influence. The ancient Greeks believed that the olive tree was brought to the world by Athena, the patron saint of Athens, and it was a symbol of peace and happiness given to mankind by God. Therefore, the olive crown woven with olive branches is the most sacred prize, and it is the highest honor to get it. It is said that the olive branch used to weave the laurel must be cut from the sacred tree by a 12-year-old child whose parents are still alive, and then carefully compiled.

　　　　 After the awarding ceremony in Olympia, the winners can return home one after another. At this time, the city-states will also organize grand celebrations for the triumphant return of their winners. Later, Greece also stipulated that the winning athletes should be exempted from their obligations to the country, and honorary seats should be set up for them in theaters or festivals. Individual city-states also gave lifetime allowances to meritorious athletes.

　　　　　　　　　　　　 The flame of the ancient Olympic Games　

　　　 Before the ancient Olympic Games, according to religious regulations, people gathered in front of temple of olympian zeus, held a solemn ceremony, lit the torch from the altar, and then went to Greek city-states. Torchbearers held the torch high and ran, shouting: stop all wars and take part in the sports meeting! The torch, like a strict command, has supreme power. Wherever the torch goes, the war goes out. Even in the fierce fighting, the city-states laid down their weapons one after another, and the holy truce began. Greece resumed a peaceful life, and people forgot their hatred and war, and all rushed to Olympia to participate in the Olympic Games.
　

Editing and proofreading: ceshi1
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