The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Resolution on the Great Achievements and Historical Experience of the Party’s Hundred Years’ Struggle, adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee, systematically summarized the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, and emphasized speeding up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. This is a major strategic plan made by the CPC Central Committee with a view to achieving the goal of the second century, coordinating the overall strategic situation of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation and the unprecedented changes in the world in the past century, and according to the changes in China’s development stage, environment and conditions. It is a major strategic task that has a bearing on China’s overall development, and it should be accurately grasped and actively promoted from a historical and overall perspective.
Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is an important strategic choice to achieve the goal of the second century.
The development pattern of a country is always formed under the influence of certain times background, internal and external environment, development conditions and other factors, and it also affects and shapes the overall situation of national development. Since the founding of our party 100 years ago, it has led the people to carry out the great cause of revolution, construction and reform, formed a development pattern adapted to the requirements of different historical stages, and achieved a series of major achievements and valuable experience.
During the period of new-democratic revolution, our Party led the people in the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal revolutionary struggle, explored and implemented economic policies such as land reform, rent reduction and interest reduction, and industrial and commercial development according to the reality of different stages, fully mobilized the revolutionary and production enthusiasm of the broad masses of working people, created economic forces to support the victory of the revolution, formed a development pattern in which revolution and production promoted each other, and laid a material foundation for the success of the revolution.
After the founding of New China, our party led the people to carry out the socialist revolution, established the basic socialist system, promoted socialist construction, realized the most extensive and profound social changes in the history of the Chinese nation, and realized the great leap of a poor and populous eastern country into a socialist society. During this period, faced with the economic blockade of western countries, China chose an independent and self-reliant development path, established an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, and formed a development pattern with domestic circulation as the mainstay and basic self-sufficiency.
After the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, our party United and led the people to carry out the new great revolution of reform and opening up, emancipated their minds, forged ahead, created, adhered to, defended and developed Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and made China catch up with the times in great strides. During this period, the CPC Central Committee accurately judged the general trend of the world, vigorously promoted the reform of the economic system, and constantly opened up to the outside world, gradually forming an export-oriented development model with "two ends outside" in the market and resources. Especially after joining the WTO in 2001, China has actively integrated into the process of economic globalization, developed into a "world factory", formed a development pattern dominated by the international cycle, achieved rapid economic development, significantly improved people’s lives, and greatly enhanced comprehensive national strength. In 2008, in the face of the severe impact of the international financial crisis, we implemented the strategy of expanding domestic demand, and the pulling effect of domestic demand on economic development increased significantly. China’s development pattern began to evolve from the international cycle to the domestic cycle.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, and historic achievements and changes have taken place in the cause of the Party and the country. After building a well-off society in an all-round way, we have embarked on a new journey of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, which indicates that China has entered a new stage of development. At this stage, the world’s unprecedented great changes have accelerated its evolution, the conditions of domestic production factors, demand structure and supply structure have undergone profound changes, and problems such as the "bottleneck" of key core technologies and the supply security of important energy resources have become prominent. In particular, the global epidemic of COVID-19 epidemic has further exposed the potential risks faced by the global industrial chain supply chain. Facing the severe and complicated external environment and profound internal development conditions, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to accurately recognize change, respond scientifically and take the initiative to seek change; Improve the strategic layout, turn crises into opportunities and achieve high-quality development; Construct a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other. From the international comparison, the remarkable characteristics of the big country’s economy are that domestic demand is dominant and internal circulation is possible. China, as the second largest economy and the largest manufacturing country in the world, relies on the advantages of domestic big market to fully tap the potential of domestic demand and build a dual-cycle development pattern with domestic big cycle as the main body, which is conducive to resolving the impact of external shocks and shrinking external demand, ensuring the basic normal operation of China’s economy and overall stability of the overall social situation in extreme cases, and ensuring the smooth realization of the goal of the second century.
To speed up the construction of a new development pattern, we must correctly handle several major relations.
To speed up the construction of a new development pattern, we should correctly handle some major relations in our understanding and work, make clear what the new development pattern is and what it is not, and prevent it from being distorted in implementation.
Correctly handle the relationship between domestic circulation and international circulation. Building a new development pattern has profound theoretical and practical connotations. The first is "circulation". The operation of the national economy is a cycle-by-cycle, continuous reciprocating process. The key is that the supply side should be smooth, and the upstream and downstream industries, production, supply and marketing, agricultural manufacturing services, energy resources and other systems and departments can be coordinated, efficient and smooth. The second is the "big domestic cycle". This is the "main body" of the national economic cycle. We should adhere to the strategy of expanding domestic demand, build a strong domestic market, effectively release the potential of domestic demand, and make production, distribution, circulation and consumption rely more on the domestic market to form a new internal and external balance. The third is "domestic and international double circulation". It is necessary to maintain the openness of the national economic cycle and open up the blocking point of the domestic and international dual cycle so that the two cycles can promote each other and complement each other. Looking forward to the future, in China’s national economic cycle, the proportion of international cycle may not be as high as before, but its absolute scale will continue to expand, its position in the global industrial division of labor will gradually rise, its role in promoting the quality of domestic cycle will be more prominent, its impact on the world economy will continue to increase, and the development opportunities brought to countries will continue to increase.
Correctly handle the relationship between the overall construction of the domestic grand cycle and local participation in the domestic grand cycle. Taking the domestic macro-cycle as the main body is aimed at the whole country, and based on the unified national market, it is not required that all localities engage in self-cycle within provinces, cities and counties. All regions should identify their own positioning and comparative advantages in the new development pattern, organically link the construction of the new development pattern with the implementation of regional major strategies, regional coordinated development strategies, main functional area strategies, and the construction of free trade pilot zones, and must not engage in local protection and "small but comprehensive" in the name of "internal circulation". It is necessary to further break down the barriers of local protection and market segmentation, jointly build a unified national market with high efficiency, standardization and fair competition, and demonstrate the competitive advantages of enterprises in various industries in various regions by actively participating in the domestic and international double cycle.
Correctly handle the relationship between supply-side structural reform and demand-side management. China’s economic development environment and comparative advantage have changed obviously, the old combination of production functions is difficult to sustain, and innovation plays a prominent role in the combination of production factors. To build a new development pattern, we must adhere to the supply-side structural reform as the main line, implement the requirements of consolidation, enhancement, promotion and smoothness, eliminate technical bottlenecks, open up circulation blockages, and form a more efficient and quality input-output relationship. We should make good use of China’s huge domestic demand potential, build a strong industrial chain supply chain with strong domestic market support, enhance the adaptability between supply and demand, and promote the continuous expansion and qualitative improvement of the national economic cycle.
Correctly handle the relationship between self-reliance and open cooperation. Scientific and technological innovation is the basic element to support national modernization. Historical experience shows that if the late-developing countries don’t want to be stuck in the low-end value chain of the industrial chain and stagnate, they must firmly promote self-reliance in science and technology and enhance the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain supply chain. At the same time, self-reliance is by no means a return to traditional self-sufficiency, and it never means doing everything by yourself. We should always adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, actively participate in international division of labor and cooperation, and actively embed ourselves into the global value chain innovation chain in combination with our own advantages, so as to form a pattern of interests in which you have me and I have you.
Correctly handle the relationship between development and security. The important focus and foothold of building a new development pattern is to achieve safe development and ensure the steady and far-reaching socialist modernization. Security is the premise of development, and development is the guarantee of security. We must persist in running our own affairs well, base ourselves on domestic high-quality development, provide stronger material support for national security with growing comprehensive strength, and realize active security and dynamic security. We must earnestly enhance our sense of hardship, adhere to the bottom line thinking, focus on preventing and resolving all kinds of major risks, and ensure that systematic risks do not occur.
Key measures must be taken to accelerate the construction of a new development pattern
Building a new development pattern is a systematic project and a dynamic evolution process. It is necessary to give full play to the economic advantages and human resources advantages of a big country, highlight key points, grasp the key points, and build a "four beams and eight pillars" of a new development pattern to provide strong support for promoting high-quality development and building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.
Promote self-reliance and self-improvement through science and technology. Give full play to the advantages of the new national system under the conditions of socialist market economy, strengthen the national strategic scientific and technological strength, pool superior resources, and focus on solving major problems that restrict national development and security. Improve the system and mechanism of scientific and technological innovation, promote the reform of scientific research project management and evaluation system, vigorously and orderly promote the system and mechanism of "revealing the list and taking the lead" in tackling innovative problems, clarify the road map, timetable and responsibility system, and continuously make new breakthroughs in key core technologies. Give full play to the main role of technological innovation of enterprises, strengthen the connection between innovation chain and industrial chain, improve the financial support innovation system, and greatly improve the transformation effect of scientific research achievements. Adhere to open cooperation, attract global high-quality scientific and technological innovation resources, build a big stage for global scientific and technological open cooperation, and accelerate the construction of world-class talent centers and innovative highlands.
Build a strong and resilient industrial chain supply chain. Complement shortcomings and strong and weak items, focus on weak links such as core basic parts and components, advanced basic technology, key basic materials, industrial technology foundation, and basic software, increase support through multiple channels, speed up the short-board supply chain of the industrial chain, and build a self-controllable, safe and reliable domestic production and supply system. Forging a long board, based on China’s market advantages, industrial advantages, supporting advantages and first-Mover advantages in some fields, will continue to enhance the industrial advantages in the fields of 5G and high-speed rail, tighten the interdependence of domestic and international industrial chains, and form a strong bargaining game ability. Strengthen overall planning, optimize industrial layout, prevent redundant construction, and achieve a national chess game. Promote the formation of international consensus and norms to safeguard the security of the global industrial chain supply chain and eliminate the interference of non-economic factors.
Firmly implement the strategy of expanding domestic demand. Accelerate the cultivation of a complete domestic demand system, establish an effective system to expand domestic demand, and promote the dynamic balance between total supply and total demand at a higher level. Efforts will be made to expand household consumption, promote the upgrading and expansion of traditional consumption, accelerate the growth of new consumption, and enhance the consumption structure of residents. Give play to the key role of investment in optimizing the supply structure, support enterprises to increase investment in equipment renewal and technological transformation, and play a good role in guiding and inciting government investment. Optimize the income distribution pattern, expand middle-income groups, solidly promote common prosperity, and better support the virtuous circle of supply and demand. Accelerate the establishment of a high-standard market system, remove institutional and institutional obstacles that hinder the market-oriented allocation of production factors and the circulation of goods and services, improve fair competition review, strengthen anti-monopoly regulation, and improve the efficiency of market allocation of resources and economic cycle.
Open to the outside world at a high level. We will improve the market-oriented and legalized international business environment, continue to deepen the mobile opening of goods, services and other factors, enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of foreign trade, and raise the level of two-way investment. We will steadily expand institutional openness such as rules, regulations, management and standards, promote the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road" and build a new pattern of international economic and trade cooperation. Attach importance to actively participating in international circulation to improve the efficiency and level of domestic circulation, improve the quality and allocation level of production factors in China, enhance the competitiveness of export products and services, promote industrial transformation and upgrading, and enhance its position and influence in the global industrial chain supply chain innovation chain. Deepen bilateral, multilateral and regional cooperation, build a global high-standard free trade zone network, safeguard the multilateral trading system, and actively participate in the reform of the global economic governance system.
Strengthen the system and policy guarantee of safe development. We will implement the overall national security concept, run security development through the whole process and all fields of building a new development pattern, and form a comprehensive and reliable development security system. Strengthen cross-cycle policy design and countercyclical adjustment, attach importance to expected management, maintain macroeconomic stability, and prevent ups and downs. Keep pace with the times, improve financial supervision and market supervision, prevent the disorderly expansion of capital, avoid the moral hazard of "too big to fail" and guard against the risk of abnormal cross-border capital flow. Strengthen the supply security of grain and energy resources, realize diversified multi-channel imports, and strengthen the construction of the reserve system. We will implement the safety review measures for foreign investment and effectively safeguard national economic security in opening wider to the outside world.
People’s Daily (December 10, 2021, 09 edition)