◎ reporter Zhang mengran

　　Have you searched the Internet for "What hurts me? Is there something wrong with me?"? The answer may not be satisfactory. However, with the emergence of large-scale natural language models (LLM) such as ChatGPT, people began to try to use it to answer medical questions or medical knowledge.

　　However, is it reliable?

　　As far as it is concerned, the answer given by artificial intelligence (AI) is accurate. However, James Davenport, a professor in university of bath, pointed out the difference between medical questions and actual medical practice. He believed that "medical practice is not just about answering medical questions. If we just answer medical questions, we don’t need to teach hospitals, and doctors don’t need to receive years of training after academic courses."

　　In view of all kinds of doubts, in a recent paper published by Nature, the world’s top artificial intelligence experts showed a benchmark to evaluate how well large-scale natural language models can solve people’s medical problems.

　　The existing model is not perfect.

　　The latest assessment comes from Google Research and Deep Thinking. Experts believe that the artificial intelligence model has many potentials in the medical field, including knowledge retrieval and supporting clinical decision-making. However, the existing model is not perfect, for example, it may fabricate convincing medical error information, or include prejudice to aggravate health inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate their clinical knowledge.

　　Relevant assessments have not been without before. However, in the past, it usually relied on automated evaluation of limited benchmarks, such as individual medical test scores. This is translated into the real world, and both reliability and value are lacking.

　　Moreover, when people turn to the Internet to obtain medical information, they will encounter "information overload" and then choose the worst one from 10 possible diagnoses, thus bearing a lot of unnecessary pressure.

　　The research team hopes that the language model can provide short expert opinions, be unbiased, indicate its citation source, and reasonably express uncertainty.

　　What is the LLM performance of 540 billion parameters?

　　In order to evaluate the ability of LLM to encode clinical knowledge, Xie Kufei Aziz, an expert from Google Research Institute, and his colleagues discussed their ability to answer medical questions. The team put forward a benchmark called "MultiMedQA QA": it combines six existing question-answering data sets covering professional medical care, research and consumer inquiries and "HealthSearch QA" & mdash; — This is a new data set, which contains 3173 medical questions searched online.

　　The team then evaluated PaLM (a 540 billion parameter LLM) and its variant Flan-PaLM. They found that Flan-PaLM reached the most advanced level in some data sets. Flan-PaLM surpassed the most advanced LLM by 17% in the MedQA data set integrating the questions of American medical license examination.

　　However, although Flan-PaLM scored well in multiple-choice questions, further evaluation shows that it has a gap in answering consumers’ medical questions.

　　LLM of specialized medicine is encouraging.

　　In order to solve this problem, artificial intelligence experts use a method called design instruction fine-tuning to further debug Flan-PaLM to adapt to the medical field. At the same time, the researcher introduced an LLM— — Med-PaLM。

　　Fine-tuning design instructions is an effective way to make general LLM suitable for new professional fields. The resulting model Med-PaLM is encouraging in the trial evaluation. For example, Flan-PaLM scored by a group of doctors is only 61.9% consistent with the scientific consensus, and Med-PaLM scored 92.6%, which is equivalent to the answers made by doctors (92.9%). Similarly, 29.7% of Flan-PaLM’s answers were rated as likely to lead to harmful results, and only 5.8% of Med-PaLM’s answers were equivalent to those of doctors (6.5%).

　　The research team mentioned that although the results are promising, it is necessary to make further evaluation, especially in terms of safety, fairness and prejudice.

　　In other words, there are still many limitations to overcome before the clinical application of LLM is feasible.

01 The purchase of therapeutic instrument through Wechat business is invalid and difficult to refund.

[Brief introduction of the case]

Uncle Lu, a consumer, suffers from heart disease. On April 10th, 2023, he bought a semiconductor laser therapeutic instrument produced by Jiutouniao Medical Device Development Co., Ltd. through Wechat business at a cost of 2,280 yuan, hoping to play an auxiliary role in treating the disease through the instrument. The consumer has used it for nearly a month and thinks it has no effect. On May 7th, the consumer asked for a refund, and Wechat business asked him to buy another product to use with it, and the effect was more obvious. The consumer thinks that the operator doesn’t want to return the goods, so it is convenient to complain to Baotou Consumers Association on May 8, 2023, hoping to get help.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After accepting the complaint, the staff of Baotou Consumers Association checked the chat record between consumers and Wechat business. Wechat business promised that "if the effect is not satisfactory or not within 30 days, he can apply for a refund". The staff contacted Wechat business by phone to ask him to fulfill his promise and was told to contact the manufacturer directly to get a refund. After contact, the consumer will mail the product back to the manufacturer at the request of the other party, and then refund the fee after inspection. In the end, the consumer received a refund of 2280 yuan on May 18th.

[Case Analysis]

Article 16 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests stipulates: "If there is an agreement between the operator and the consumer, they shall perform their obligations according to the agreement, but the agreement between the two parties shall not violate the provisions of laws and regulations." In this case, when the consumer requests a refund according to the operator’s prior commitment, the operator should refund the fee for the consumer according to the commitment. In this case, the consumer shops through Wechat business, and the other party is not a micro-store. This is a private transaction between the two parties, and it is difficult to effectively protect their rights and interests. It is suggested that consumers shop through formal channels to avoid damage to their rights and interests.

Developers use "overlord clause" to exempt from overdue breach of contract.

[Brief introduction of the case]

Xinyuecheng Community, developed and sold by Inner Mongolia Shengda Real Estate Group Co., Ltd., agreed to hand over the house in December 2021, but it was overdue until March 2023. When the consumer handles the handover procedures, the developer marks the "overlord clause" on the delivery contract, and the consumer refuses to hand over the house without signing it, involving more than 20 million yuan of consumer disputes, which has caused complaints from the owners.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

On March 27th, 2023, the Consumers Association of Ulanhot organized a mediation meeting between the two parties at the Social Governance Center of Ulanhot. The staff pointed out that it was illegal for the developer to use the "overlord clause" to exempt himself from his responsibilities and obligations, and it should be stopped immediately, and asked the developer to give a written reply to the Consumers Association of Ulanhot on the reasons for overdue delivery and the situation of stopping using the "overlord clause". After mediation, the two parties reached the following agreements: 1. The respondent stopped using the "overlord clause" and went through the handover formalities according to the contract; 2. Consumers’ right to claim compensation for overdue liquidated damages can bring a lawsuit to the court according to law. On March 31st, the respondent submitted a written explanation of the reasons for overdue delivery and a commitment decision to stop using the "overlord clause".

[Case Analysis]

Article 26 of the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Operators shall not make unfair and unreasonable provisions to consumers, such as excluding or restricting consumers’ rights, reducing or exempting operators’ responsibilities, and aggravating consumers’ responsibilities, by means of format clauses, notices, statements, shop notices, etc., and shall not use format clauses and technical means to force transactions. Format clauses, notices, statements, store notices, etc. contain the contents listed in the preceding paragraph, and their contents are invalid. " Article 497 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "In any of the following circumstances, the standard clauses are invalid: (1) There are invalid circumstances stipulated in Section 3 of Chapter VI of Part I of this Law and Article 506 of this Law; (2) The party providing the standard terms unreasonably exempts or lightens its responsibility, aggravates the other party’s responsibility or restricts the other party’s main rights; (3) The party providing the standard terms excludes the main rights of the other party. "

Home improvement merchants failed to fulfill their obligations according to the contract and arbitrarily increased the price.

[Brief introduction of the case]

Ms. Yang, a consumer, complained to the Consumers Association of Wulanhaote, claiming that two contracts were signed at the Oprah Winfrey Home Counter on the second floor of Red Star Macalline on February 19, 2023, which stipulated that the basic disassembly and assembly of her residence was 27,000 yuan and the custom-made wardrobe and cupboard was 67,000 yuan, totaling 94,000 yuan. The construction period was originally scheduled to be two months, but during the construction, the disassembly part was not completed from February 22 to early June. After the customized part was re-scaled, the merchant asked the consumer to pay another 22,000 yuan for reasons such as changing the cabinet material and changing the glass door. The consumer thought that the merchant had any price increase behavior, and verified the price increase part with the person in charge, and the merchant could not provide a clear basis for the price increase part. At the same time, the consumer entrusted others to recheck the measured drawing area, and found that there was an error of 3 square meters. The consumer demanded to cancel the contract and refund the money on the grounds that the merchant was fraudulent. No agreement was reached through mediation organized by the mall management. Consumers complained to the Consumers Association of Wulanhaote City, and provided evidence such as recordings, drawings and project progress records.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After mediation by the Consumers Association, the merchant first promised to give a refund within 15 days and then repented, indicating that there was no fault. After many investigations and verifications, the staff of the Consumers’ Association think that the operator’s fare increase part does not provide the basis for clearly marking the price; There is an error of 1.2 linear meters between the cabinet area and its measured area; There is also overdue behavior in the construction period. Consumers Association believes that the behavior of merchants has constituted a breach of contract and infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. After mediation again, the operator refused to refund and withdrew from the mediation site halfway. Consumers Association made a decision to terminate mediation, supported consumers to bring a lawsuit to the court, and handed over the illegal acts of the operator suspected of infringing consumers’ legitimate rights and interests to the market supervision office of the jurisdiction for investigation and punishment according to law, and exposed them through Tik Tok WeChat official account, Wulanhaote Consumers Association. The operator was forced by public opinion to refund 67,000 yuan for consumers.

[Case Analysis]

Article 16 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests stipulates: "Operators shall perform their obligations in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws and regulations when providing commodities or services to consumers. If the operator and the consumer have an agreement, they shall perform their obligations in accordance with the agreement, but the agreement between the two parties shall not violate the provisions of laws and regulations. " Article 577 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates that "if a party fails to perform its contractual obligations or fails to meet the contract obligations, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as continuing to perform, taking remedial measures or compensating for losses." Article 13 of the Price Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Operators selling, purchasing goods and providing services shall clearly mark the price in accordance with the provisions of the competent pricing department of the government, indicating the commodity name, place of origin, specifications, grade, pricing unit, price or service items, charging standards and other relevant information. Operators are not allowed to sell goods at a higher price than the marked price, and they are not allowed to charge any unspecified fees. "

You need to buy extra glasses to watch 3D movies.

[Brief introduction of the case]

On January 26th, 2023, consumers watched a 3D movie at Moqi jaxa Cinema of Hulunbeier Tianzhixing Film and Television Media Co., Ltd., and the cinema informed consumers that they must buy or bring their own 3D glasses at their own expense to watch the movie, and the cinema did not provide 3D glasses for free. Consumers think it is unreasonable, and cinemas are obliged to provide 3D glasses for free. Consumers and operators failed to negotiate, so they called to complain for help.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After receiving the complaint, the staff of the Consumer Complaint Mediation Office of Moqi Market Supervision Administration immediately communicated with the person in charge of the cinema to understand the facts. In accordance with the relevant provisions of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests, the operator was interviewed to mediate consumer demands. Finally, the operator and the consumer reached a mediation agreement through consultation, and the consumer was refunded the 20 yuan for purchasing 3D glasses, and the accumulated refund for consumers who had bought glasses for the same reason amounted to 200 yuan. The cinema promised to provide free glasses for all consumers who watched 3D movies in the future.

[Case Analysis]

Article 26 of the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Operators shall not make unfair and unreasonable provisions to consumers, such as excluding or restricting consumers’ rights, reducing or exempting operators’ responsibilities, and aggravating consumers’ responsibilities, by means of format clauses, notices, statements, shop notices, etc., and shall not use format clauses and technical means to force transactions. Format clauses, notices, statements, store notices, etc. contain the contents listed in the preceding paragraph, and their contents are invalid. " 3D glasses are an indispensable basic condition for watching 3D movies, and the provision of 3D glasses is an integral part of the viewing service. Consumers buy movie viewing services according to the ticket price of 3D movies, and theater operators should provide consumers with all services that meet the requirements of watching movies, including providing consumers with movie viewing facilities such as 3D glasses. It is a typical "unfair format clause" for the cinema to split its own service obligations and pass them on to consumers, which increases the burden on consumers and violates the principle of fairness and good faith. At the same time, because the cinema forces consumers to buy 3D glasses or in disguised form, it violates the provisions of the Measures for Punishment of Infringement on Consumers’ Rights and Interests, law enforcement officers ordered the cinema to make corrections and give a warning.

05 the problem of refunding the deposit due to the inability to borrow money for the purchase of commercial housing

[Brief introduction of the case]

On March 15, 2023, Ms. Consumer Palace complained to Bayannaoer Consumers Association that on March 10, 2023, she signed the House Purchase and Sale Deposit Agreement with Bayannaoer Hyde Real Estate Agency Co., Ltd., booked a commercial house, and paid a deposit of 20,000 yuan and a supervision fee of 5,000 yuan on site. When signing the contract, the consumer said that he can only pay the down payment, and the remaining house payment needs to be applied for a bank loan. I wonder if his conditions meet the conditions of bank mortgage loan. The real estate agency said that the conditions of consumers fully meet the loan requirements, and even if they do not meet the requirements, the company will help solve them. Subsequently, the consumer submitted proof of income and running water to the bank, but failed to pass the bank mortgage loan review. When concluding a house sales contract, the real estate brokerage company requires consumers to buy a house in full. If a house purchase contract is not concluded, the deposit and supervision fund will not be refunded. Consumers think that the real estate company’s practice is unreasonable and demand mediation from the Consumers Association.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After receiving the complaint, the staff of the Consumers Association conducted an investigation. The consumer stated that when he looked at the house, the sales staff of the brokerage company did not carefully introduce the conditions needed to handle the mortgage, and did not fully fulfill the obligation of informing, so the responsibility should not be borne by him. The staff of the Consumers Association contacted the person in charge of the real estate brokerage company to learn more about the incident, introduced relevant laws and regulations to them, and organized mediation between the two parties. In the end, the real estate brokerage company refunded the consumer deposit of 20,000 yuan and the supervision fee of 5,000 yuan.

[Case Analysis]

Article 20 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests stipulates: "Operators shall provide consumers with true and comprehensive information about the quality, performance, use and expiration date of goods or services, and shall not make false or misleading propaganda. Operators should give a true and clear answer to the questions raised by consumers about the quality and usage of the goods or services they provide. " Article 4 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Law in the Trial of Disputes over Commercial Housing Sales Contracts stipulates: "If the seller accepts a deposit from the buyer as a guarantee for concluding a commercial housing sales contract through subscription, order, reservation, etc., if the commercial housing sales contract cannot be concluded due to one of the parties, it shall be handled in accordance with the provisions of the law on deposit; If the commercial housing sales contract cannot be concluded due to reasons not attributable to both parties, the seller shall return the deposit to the buyer. " In this case, because the brokerage company did not fully and clearly inform the conditions for handling the house loan when selling the house, it should bear adverse consequences for the failure to conclude the subsequent house purchase contract. At the same time, because the consumer has paid the deposit, but can’t conclude a house purchase contract, according to the above provisions, the real estate brokerage company in this case should refund the deposit and supervision money paid by the consumer.

06 farmers’ rights and interests in purchasing unqualified drip irrigation belts are damaged

[Brief introduction of the case]

In June, 2022, nine farmers, including Mr. Zhang, a villager from Halatugacha, Urad Middle Banner, Bayannaoer City, complained to Bayannaoer Consumers Association that in April, 2021, they bought a batch of drip irrigation belts for farmland irrigation from Inner Mongolia Zhaotong Pipeline System Co., Ltd., with a value of 251,725 yuan. In the process of use, it is found that some drip irrigation belts have no drip holes, some drip holes are blocked, and some of them burst and leak, which can not be used normally. Farmers think that there is a quality problem with the drip irrigation belt, and they have repeatedly asked dealers and manufacturers to solve the problem, but the merchants have been looking for reasons to delay, so they came to the Consumers Association to complain.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After receiving the complaint, Bayannaoer Consumers Association immediately sent its staff to the farmland involved in the complaint for on-the-spot inspection, and found that the used drip irrigation tape was scattered in the fields, which could not restore the specific scene at that time. After the staff visited the farmers for investigation, it was basically confirmed that the situation reflected by the complainant did exist, but the existing evidence could not prove that there was a problem with the quality of drip irrigation tape. Later, it was found that there were surplus drip irrigation tapes in the farmer’s warehouse, which were unused and packaged completely. In order to recover the losses of farmers as much as possible, Bayannaoer Consumers Association applied to the Consumers Association of the autonomous region for mediation in time, but the dealers and manufacturers insisted that there was no quality problem with the drip irrigation tape, and the complaint handling was deadlocked. In order to obtain sufficient evidence, the staff of Bayannaoer Consumers Association entrusted the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Product Quality Inspection Institute for inspection in August 2022, and the drip tape was found to be unqualified. Accordingly, Bayannaoer Consumers Association supports consumer litigation and resolves disputes through litigation. On June 29, 2023, it was tried by the People’s Court of Tuzuoqi, and the loss was recovered for consumers by 251,725 yuan.

[Case Analysis]

This case is a typical agricultural dispute case. According to Article 11 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumer Rights and Interests: "Consumers who suffer personal or property damage due to purchasing or using goods or receiving services shall have the right to compensation according to law." Article 24 stipulates: "If the goods or services provided by the business operators do not meet the quality requirements, consumers may return them according to the provisions of the state and the agreement of the parties, or require the business operators to fulfill the obligations of replacement and repair. If there is no state regulation and agreement between the parties, consumers can return the goods within seven days from the date of receipt; After seven days, if the statutory conditions for termination of the contract are met, the consumer can return the goods in time. If the statutory conditions for termination of the contract are not met, the operator may be required to perform obligations such as replacement and repair. " Article 62 stipulates: "The purchase and use of means of production directly used for agricultural production by farmers shall be implemented with reference to this Law." According to Article 32 of the Product Quality Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC), "Producers shall not adulterate or fake products, or pass unqualified products off as qualified products" and Article 39, "Sellers shall not adulterate or fake products, or pass unqualified products off as qualified products", in this case, consumers have the right to compensation because the operators sell unqualified products. After the mediation was unsuccessful, because the facts of infringement on consumers’ rights and interests were clear and involved many farmers’ groups, according to the functions and responsibilities entrusted by law, consumers’ associations supported the prosecution, further safeguarding the consumption environment and market order.

07 There is something wrong with the size of customized furniture.

[Brief introduction of the case]

On June 2, 2023, Ms. Zhai complained to Wuhai Consumers Association that on April 2, she customized European brand furniture in Lengyuxin wardrobe dealership in Haibowan District, Wuhai City. On May 14, when she arrived for installation, she found that 21 door panels were small in size. When the dealer installed them at home, she also found that there was something wrong with the size and communicated with the manufacturer. The manufacturer said that the product was fine and belonged to the adjustable range, but the gap was obvious after adjustment.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After receiving the complaint, the staff of Wuhai Consumers’ Association conducted investigation and mediation, and obtained the order measurement drawings. The dealer also admitted that there was something wrong with the size of this batch of door panels. Because the door panels were customized by the manufacturer, they are now unable to replace the door panels for consumers, and are actively communicating with the manufacturer to replace the door panels for consumers. The staff of the Consumers Association called the manufacturer and pointed out that if the operator provides goods or services to consumers, and one party fails to perform the contractual obligations or the performance of the contractual obligations is not in conformity with the agreement, it shall bear the liability for breach of contract such as continuing to perform, taking remedial measures or compensating for losses. Finally, after communication, the manufacturer agreed to send someone to handle the appeal, and if the problem is true, it will be replaced.

[Case Analysis]

Article 16 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests stipulates: "Operators shall perform their obligations in accordance with this Law and other relevant laws and regulations when providing commodities or services to consumers. If there is an agreement between the operator and the consumer, they shall perform their obligations in accordance with the agreement, but the agreement between the two parties shall not violate the provisions of laws and regulations. When providing commodities or services to consumers, business operators shall abide by social morality, operate in good faith and protect the legitimate rights and interests of consumers; Unfair and unreasonable trading conditions shall not be set, and transactions shall not be forced. " Article 577 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "If a party fails to perform its contractual obligations or fails to meet the contract obligations, it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract such as continuing to perform, taking remedial measures or compensating for losses." Therefore, consumers have the right to ask operators or producers to perform the agreed services.

08 Laundry clothes lost

[Brief introduction of the case]

On November 7, 2023, Ms. Tian complained to Wuhai Consumers Association that on April 6, 2023, three down jackets were sent to Yixiang Laundry in Haibowan District, Wuhai City, and the laundry did not provide her with a service ticket after collecting the clothes. When picking up the clothes, she found that one of the children’s down jackets worth 399 yuan was not cleaned, and the laundry said that it was responsible for heavy washing, so she took away the other two down jackets. At the end of October, when she went to the laundry to pick up the washed children’s down jacket, the laundry said that the dress had been taken away in June according to the store computer, so there was a dispute between the two sides.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

After receiving the complaint, the staff asked the laundry about the consumer’s complaint. The laundry said that although the service receipt was not issued to the consumer at that time, it was recorded in the store computer. In June, the children’s down jacket was taken away by a man. The consumer thinks that the laundry should check with her the identity of the clothes picker without the clothes pick-up certificate. Now that the clothes have been taken away by others, the laundry should pay compensation. Because the laundry did not issue a service document to the consumer when providing laundry service, there was no objection to the laundry service process. The computer data was recorded unilaterally by the laundry, and the laundry did not verify it when others took the clothes, and there was no other evidence to prove that the consumer entrusted others to take the clothes, the laundry should be liable for compensation. Finally, after mediation, both parties reached an agreement, and the operator compensated 300 yuan to the consumer.

[Case Analysis]

In this case, according to Article 25 of the Measures of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region for Implementing the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests: "Operators engaged in the dyeing and ironing industry shall provide services as agreed. If the clothes are damaged, dyed or lost, the operator shall refund the fees collected and bear the corresponding liability for compensation according to the actual purchase price of the goods, depreciation of the goods and other factors. " Article 15 of the Measures for the Administration of Washing and Dyeing Industry "Operators shall issue service receipts to consumers when providing services. Service documents should include: the name, quantity, color, damaged or missing parts, service content, price, delivery date, storage period, matters agreed by both parties, dispute resolution, etc. "and Article 17" Operators should standardize the handover procedures of clothes in each process to prevent loss or damage; The storage and payment of dirty and clean clothes should be separated. "The operator should issue a bill to the consumer without issuing it, and the clothes handover did not fulfill the responsibility of informing when picking up the clothes, and should be liable for compensation.

09 medical disputes caused by tooth extraction in dental clinic

[Brief introduction of the case]

On March 17th, 2023, Ms. Ma, a consumer, complained to the Consumers Association of Alashan League that when the wisdom teeth were pulled out at Qingbai Dental Clinic in Bayanhaote Town, Alashan Zuoqi, the drill bit fell into the mouth due to improper operation by medical staff, which caused extensive damage to the oral mucosa and caused inconvenience to daily life, and the consumer demanded compensation from the operator.

【 Processing Process and Results 】

The staff contacted the clinic for investigation at the first time, confirmed that the situation described by Ms. Ma was true, and immediately organized mediation between the two parties. After careful and patient mediation, the dental clinic compensated Ms. Ma for 15,000 yuan, which was paid in three months.

[Case Analysis]

Article 7 of the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests in People’s Republic of China (PRC) stipulates: "Consumers have the right to protect their personal and property safety when purchasing and using commodities and receiving services. Consumers have the right to require the goods and services provided by operators to meet the requirements of protecting personal and property safety. " Article 49 stipulates: "If a business operator provides goods or services and causes personal injury to consumers or other victims, it shall compensate medical expenses, nursing expenses, transportation expenses and other reasonable expenses for treatment and rehabilitation, as well as the income reduced due to absenteeism." In this case, due to the negligence of the staff of the dental clinic, the consumer suffered personal injury in the process of receiving services, and the consumer has the right to ask the merchant to bear the liability for compensation.

　

Musicians’ income distribution map, the data comes from "2019 China Musicians’ Living Situation Report".

In addition to the head musicians, more musicians have become the "silent majority", and they urgently need traffic exposure and income support. At present, mainstream music platforms have launched musician support programs to provide musicians with all-round creative support.

For musicians, it is good that someone is willing to support their musical dreams, but in the face of many support plans and hype, how do you choose between various support plans according to your own situation?

Now, we will compare the support plans of QQ Music, Netease Cloud Music and Xiami Music in detail, and sort out their differences and advantages and disadvantages, hoping to give some references and suggestions to musicians and friends.

First, the copyright dispute, the battlefield entered the upstream of the industry

As we all know, the music platform’s support plan is not just for public welfare, at least. The music platform hopes to incubate a group of singers who come out of their own homes, and establish the exclusive signboard of the platform while attracting more users.

This involves a problem that musicians didn’t pay much attention to before, but now they are very cautious-copyright.

In Netease Cloud’s support plan, the terms implied that all the works uploaded by musicians belong to the platform, and the content of the copyright agreement is directly related to the musician’s income and whether the platform will tamper with the musician’s works.

At the beginning of 2019, @ Flynn’s voice reminded the majority of musicians, and the unfair terms of Netease Cloud Music severely bound the copyright of musicians’ works. After the incident was exposed, it had a big impact on the platform.

　

Flynn’s exposure article at that time

As we all know, the competition for copyright among various music platforms is extremely fierce, and making up for the copyright disadvantage is the potential demand of Netease Cloud and Shrimp. The copyright fortress of QQ music is very strong. In the official tweet of QQ music open platform, it is clearly stated that the content of "song authorization" and "musician signing" will be launched in the near future, and there will be a transparent and perfect system.

Relatively speaking, the purpose of the support plan launched by Shrimp and Netease Cloud is more to make up for the copyright disadvantage; QQ music, which has already established a strong copyright barrier, is more pure, that is, it really gives musicians a good growth and creative environment.

Second, the domain line, group-oriented tolerance and segmentation

In Xiami Music’s early years, relying on minority tastes and literary temperament, a large number of young artists were harvested. From the "unexposed" musicians excavated by the light-seeking plan, it can be seen that the main audience of dried shrimp is indie musician, mainly rock and electronic musicians.

Netease Cloud Music’s Stone Project is also dedicated to the young indie musician, and has been digging in the vertical fields of rock and hip-hop. The "rock season" that ended before was won by the Summer Invasion Planning Band, which began to appear in major music festivals. Next, Project Stone will continue to pay attention to the long tail music in the field of focus, and it is expected to tap musicians in the fields of hip-hop and electronics.

QQ Music Support Program is also more widely oriented to groups, except rock, rap, pop, classical, Urban, ACG, Chinese style, including cover artists and video artists, all of which can enter the QQ music open platform. Compared with other platforms’ strategies of focusing on feelings, QQ music gives consideration to feelings and mass market by virtue of user scale, just like owning the copyrights of Modern Sky and Jewell at the same time. No matter what kind of music you are good at, QQ music should always cover fans who like you.

　

Generally speaking, QQ music open platform is the most inclusive, which is a good thing for more independent musicians; Netease Cloud and Shrimp are more focused on the excavation of long tail music, and of course the threshold requirements are higher; The specific choice depends on your own needs and ambitions.

Third, traffic is king, which is better or worse under the transparent mechanism?

Here, we mainly analyze QQ Music and Netease Cloud Music. Both of their musician support plans have detailed in-terminal points exchange traffic rules, while other platforms only generally express "10 billion exposure" and "traffic support", so we can’t get more details.

QQ Music takes "Yinbei" as the integral unit, and Netease Cloud Music takes "Yundou" as the integral unit, so we can intuitively compare their concerns about the flow of musicians by comparing the difficulty and value of obtaining the integral.

Integral acquisition mode

　

From the above figure, the difference between the two platforms in the way of obtaining points is not big. QQ music mainly includes two aspects: "the amount of existing works played" and "new fans added". The more plays, the more fans there are, and the more sound shells there are, and the more real plays can promote this cycle, which I like better.

Difficulty and value of integral acquisition

In order to facilitate everyone’s understanding, we can explain it from specific scenarios:
Let’s assume that a musician who has just entered the platform completes the basic tasks of the platform such as daily sign-in and fan interaction on time and in quantity in the first month. What can he get on the two platforms after one month?

　

In QQ music, 4550 Yinbei can get 4550 songs to play and promote, a private letter from fans, and two months of luxury green diamonds;

In Netease Cloud Music, you need to accumulate 500 cloud beans to redeem a traffic packet, so 81 cloud beans can’t get anything for the time being.

Assuming that this operation process continues and musicians want to obtain 10K traffic resources, what do they need Takuwa to do on both platforms?

　

QQ music 10K traffic = 6 tasks completed in 2 months.
Netease cloud music 10K traffic = 11 tasks completed in 5 months.

Through the above comparison, we further summarize the two platforms from the perspective of traffic:
1. There are more ways to obtain QQ music than Netease Cloud Music, and the conditions for obtaining it are easier.
2, QQ music traffic is simple and clear; Netease cloud music traffic acquisition threshold is relatively high, and QQ music "Yinbei" is more valuable than Netease cloud’s "Yundou". In addition, in Netease Cloud Music, only 500 cloud beans can be packaged in exchange for 10,000 traffic packets, which is equivalent to 10,000 exposures, but not equal to the broadcast volume. In QQ music, 1 tone is equal to 1 successful broadcast, which is too much compared with "exposure".

In contrast, perhaps due to the gap between the ability of background distribution technology and the size of users, the traffic support system of QQ music is far higher than Netease Cloud in terms of the convenience and difficulty of obtaining, the clarity of rules and the actual exposure value.

It is worth mentioning that QQ music not only provides flow support for musicians, but also provides a mature work management system, which is really worry-free at present-many complicated signing and authorization issues we have seen are not only cumbersome, but also easy to pit. In the release cycle of works, it is particularly inconvenient to upload and review at different levels. This time, QQ music directly simplifies the whole process of music authorization, release and operation, so that musicians can easily complete most operations directly on the platform, and no longer face the "dilemma" of "choosing platform traffic support, they can only exhaust their efforts under various complicated terms and conditions".

Fourth, directly poke the pain point, only with financial support can we show sincerity.

As mentioned earlier, lack of money and difficulty in promotion are two major problems faced by everyone who makes music. Netease Cloud Stone Project provides disguised financial support for the champion by providing recording records and shooting MV. The Shrimp-and-Light Project also provides services such as music recording for musicians, saving money for musicians.

At present, QQ Music hasn’t given a reply in terms of funds, but from the detailed rules of traffic support and opening to all musicians, we can see QQ Music’s determination to do a good job in this musician support plan. The official tweet said that "a very sincere cash-out plan will be announced soon", and Tencent, which has a big family, will definitely have more real support in terms of funds, which is worth our expectation.

　

At present, the music market in China is in the upward stage, and the awareness of copyright in the whole industry is increasing. Respecting intellectual property rights has become the consensus of the online students, and paying for listening to music has become a trend. Therefore, musicians have begun to see the way forward by relying on their works. I also hope that the musician support programs of each platform can really help every enthusiastic and simple musician, so that their harvest can match their talents, and the platform can expand its influence through the support programs and contribute to the future of Chinese music.

September 18, 2021 Source: Office of Finance Department of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

　　Grass-roots government’s basic livelihood, wages and operation are the basic needs to protect the vital interests of the masses, and also the basic conditions to promote the government’s performance of duties and the implementation of various policies. The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attach great importance to this. In 2018, the Central Economic Work Conference proposed to improve the basic financial security mechanism at the county level and enhance the ability of difficult areas and grassroots governments to ensure wages, operations and basic people’s livelihood. The 2019 government work report proposes to reform and improve the county-level basic financial security mechanism, ease the pressure of financial operation in difficult areas, and never let the basic people’s livelihood security go wrong. Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, as an underdeveloped area in northwest China, has been affected by its own financial shortage and epidemic situation in recent years, and the financial revenue and expenditure situation is particularly severe. In order to effectively ensure the normal operation of grass-roots finance, the autonomous region’s finance strengthens the internet thinking, implements the "three guarantees" guarantee mechanism of cities and counties from four dimensions, ensures that the "three guarantees" guarantee of cities and counties at the grass-roots level is put in place, realizes the smooth operation of the whole region’s finance, and steadily improves people’s livelihood security.

　　First, build a "three guarantees" guarantee mechanism with engineering thinking

　　The work of "three guarantees" at the grass-roots level is a systematic project with wide coverage, strong comprehensiveness and professionalism, which runs through all aspects of financial work. The finance of the autonomous region should make overall plans for development and security, and build a "three guarantees" guarantee mechanism of "system+technology" with engineering thinking. In the financial integration platform, the ability of big data integration analysis is used to organically combine budget management and implementation monitoring, and the budget management integration system is established to control and implement the "three guarantees" guarantee mechanism. Promote the efficiency optimization of the "three guarantees" guarantee mechanism in cities and counties from the perspectives of task objectives, time-point monitoring and guarantee measures, and realize the timely and full payment of the "three guarantees" expenditures of grassroots finance, and the operational risks can be pre-controlled.

　　According to the concept of "integration of information sources, automation of data extraction, and optimization of monitoring and decision-making", the work of "three guarantees" is comprehensively and systematically sorted out from the design of financial macro-business framework to the micro-monitoring of specific accounting indicators, and an information-based, full-chain, dynamic management mechanism of "three guarantees" budgets in cities and counties is established to comprehensively standardize budget management and harden budget constraints. From the task goal, we should construct a "three guarantees" guarantee mechanism with budget arrangement, capital guarantee and system constraint in place; From the time node, it covers the whole process links such as budget demand calculation, project library construction, budget editing, implementation monitoring, analysis and early warning, notification and feedback; From the specific implementation, it is subdivided into financial resources, treasury, budget implementation and temporary payment and other indicators.

　　Second, implement the "three guarantees" guarantee responsibility with the project concept

　　Establish a "three guarantees" budget management mechanism with the project library as the source, and dynamically record the whole life cycle management information of budget projects in real time. According to the "Three Guarantees" guarantee content, it corresponds to specific projects, personnel projects and operation projects in the budget project library respectively. Through the standardized management of the "Three Guarantees" budget projects through the budget integration system, the whole life cycle management of budget project comparison, statistics, analysis and monitoring is realized, the binding force of each link of budget management is enhanced, and the responsibility of "Three Guarantees" guarantee is promoted at the grassroots level in cities and counties.

　　From the aspect of project reserve management, around the demand calculation and project library construction, cities and counties establish project libraries against the "three guarantees" guarantee list, and accurately calculate the expenditure demand according to the actual implementation standards and scope, so as to improve the accuracy of the "three guarantees" budget preparation. According to the scale of available financial resources in the current year, calculate the financial guarantee multiple of the "three guarantees" expenditure in each region, clarify the source of budgetary funds for the "three guarantees" project, and give priority to the "three guarantees" project in the budget.

　　From the aspect of budget preparation management, in the process of budget compilation and project identification, the finance of the autonomous region has established a budget preparation and review mechanism covering all cities and counties in the region to ensure that all the "three guarantees" expenditures of cities and counties are included in the budget without leaving a hard gap. Mark the relevant project libraries with "Three Guarantees" in budget preparation, and set up the verification rules and traceability rules for the requirements of the "Three Guarantees" budget projects based on the budget integration system. On the premise of ensuring the budget arrangement and demand matching of the "Three Guarantees", the "Three Guarantees" project library will be used as the source to lay the foundation for the fund allocation, disbursement and full chain monitoring of the "Three Guarantees" budget project library.

　　From the aspect of project execution and management, we should take the normalization mechanism of direct funds and the integrated norms of budget management as the starting point to harden the budget binding force, strengthen the standardized and efficient implementation of the "three guarantees" project library, urge cities and counties to strictly implement the "two expenditures" priority principle, reasonably balance the "three guarantees" budget expenditures, and realize the accurate and efficient implementation of the financial "three guarantees" funds. Linkage regional temporary payment and hidden debt funds in place, to prevent risk factors affecting the implementation of "three guarantees", to ensure the smooth operation of finance without risks.

　　Third, build a "three guarantees" monitoring system with inventory management

　　The finance of the autonomous region monitors the implementation of the "three guarantees" expenditure in the whole process by means of inventory management, and constructs an all-round dynamic monitoring and management mechanism. Strengthen the means of financial big data integration, solve the practical problems of "three guarantees" with a large number of monitoring data and a wide range, establish an orderly, scientific and efficient monitoring and prevention system, and achieve early detection, early warning, early intervention and early disposal of risks.

　　Build a scientific and reasonable monitoring system. According to the scope and objectives of "Three Guarantees", the specific tasks are decomposed one by one, and the monitoring system of "Three Guarantees" is built by inventory management: four items of "basic livelihood, wages, operation and other rigid expenditures" are the main body, and eight indicators are radiated, including financial security multiple, treasury security multiple, budget arrangement in place rate, financial gap rate of short income, temporary payment compression rate, supernumerary control rate and implicit debt resolution fund in place rate. According to the importance of each index, different weights are given, and the results of index implementation are scored quantitatively every month, so as to objectively analyze the financial operation status and support ability of cities and counties as a whole and fully reflect the risk level of financial operation of cities and counties.

　　Strengthen the ability of data monitoring and analysis. Strengthen digital empowerment, give full play to the advantages of large amount of financial data, strong timeliness and high correlation, extract monitoring data based on the financial integration system, and objectively analyze the financial operation. According to the data such as the implementation of the "three guarantees" budget and the treasury funds of cities and counties, we will strengthen the data penetration and analysis, and form the monitoring and analysis ability of the "three guarantees" operation of cities and counties with full coverage, multiple indicators, penetration, dynamics and informationization. Establish a "three guarantees" monitoring system of weekly report and monthly report. The monitoring results are displayed by multi-dimensional index statistics and visual graphics, and the financial operation of each region is divided into "smooth operation, low risk, moderate risk and high risk" grades, which strongly supports scientific decision-making in cities and counties and efficiently supervises and accurately manages.

　　Strengthen the feedback of risk monitoring results. Regularly submit the dynamic monitoring results of "three guarantees" and rigid expenditures to the party committees and governments of autonomous regions every month, and inform the party committees and governments of cities and counties. For cities and counties above the "moderate risk" level, prompt early warning by SMS, WeChat, sending reminder letters, etc. at the first time; For cities and counties where the "three guarantees" work is ineffective or the guarantee is not in place, informed criticism will be located in the whole region, and the leaders of the autonomous region government will be interviewed or invited to interview the relevant person in charge of the city and county governments as appropriate; Responsible units and personnel in serious cases shall be brought to the attention of relevant departments for accountability according to their responsibilities. Actively guide cities and counties to strengthen the "three guarantees" work, ensure that risk prevention and control and responsibilities are put in place, and comprehensively improve the operational efficiency of financial management.

　　Four, to resolve the "three guarantees" risk warning with the responsibility mechanism

　　According to the accountability mechanism of "whoever bears the responsibility for the guarantee bears the responsibility for the expenditure", and according to the monthly monitoring results of "three guarantees" in cities and counties, the "three guarantees" risk early warning is implemented to resolve the main responsibility. Cities and counties’ financial departments should strengthen cooperation with relevant departments and budget units according to the specific indicators of the monthly monitoring report, be more accurate and effective in the focus, intensity, rhythm and timing of fiscal policy regulation, earnestly grasp the responsibility of "three guarantees" and effectively resolve financial operation risks.

　　On the financial level of the autonomous region, we will strengthen the overall scheduling of treasury funds, keep the treasury funds of cities and counties running within a safe range, and effectively protect the rigid needs of cities and counties such as "three guarantees" expenditures. Improve and optimize the transfer payment method, increase the sinking of financial resources, take the "three guarantees" guarantee as an important factor in the allocation of funds, strengthen the management and guidance of transfer payment funds for the "three guarantees" guarantee of cities and counties, and support cities and counties to ensure the basic and bottom line. Accelerate the reform of financial affairs and expenditure responsibilities in different fields, make every effort to ensure that cities and counties implement expenditure responsibilities, and weave a strong livelihood security network. Study and establish a financial sustainability assessment mechanism, and cities and counties will introduce or improve the basic livelihood policy standards of the "three guarantees" list to assess financial sustainability, taking into account the stage of economic and social development and financial sustainability.

　　On the financial level of cities and counties, we will focus on nine key industries, strengthen fiscal and taxation policies and financial support and guidance, go all out to promote the high-quality development of county economy and the construction of financial resources, and maintain the growth of fiscal revenue in a reasonable range. Strengthen the overall planning of financial resources, optimize the allocation of financial resources, further enhance the local financial security capacity, and make overall arrangements for the "three guarantees" and bond debt service expenditures. Deepen the integration of budget management, improve the management level of "three guarantees" budget project library, implement systematic control of budget management, and strengthen the binding force of "three guarantees" expenditure. Vigorously reduce non-rigid expenditures, constantly adjust and optimize the fiscal expenditure structure, and ensure the normalization of the efficient and high-quality tight life mechanism. Strengthen the main responsibility of budget execution of departments and units, strictly implement the principle of "two expenditures", continue to accelerate the implementation progress of people’s livelihood expenditures, and effectively secure the bottom line of people’s livelihood security.

According to the data released by the National Film Bureau on February 18th, the box office of Chinese Spring Festival movies in 2024 reached 8.016 billion yuan, setting a new box office record for the Spring Festival movies, with 163 million people watching movies.

From YOLO’s Pegasus 2, which tells an inspirational life story, to Article 20, which shows the power of fairness and justice, to Boonie Bears: Time Twist &hellip, which shows childlike innocence; … This year’s Spring Festival movies are mainly provided by comedy types and animated films, which will drive the audience into the cinema to celebrate the New Year and promote the sustained recovery of China’s film market.

[Get eye-catching box office results]

This year’s Spring Festival holiday is slightly longer than in previous years, the film supply is abundant, the audience’s demand for watching movies has been fully released, and the box office and the number of people watching movies have reached new highs.

Specific to a single film, YOLO led the box office with 2.718 billion yuan, and the box office of Pegasus 2 also exceeded 2 billion yuan. Boonie Bears: Time Twist and Article 20 ranked third and fourth respectively in the box office list.

According to the survey of China movie audience satisfaction released by China Film Archive, the audience satisfaction score of this year’s Spring Festival stalls is 85.9, ranking second among the nine Spring Festival stalls surveyed since 2015.

Poster of the Spring Festival movie in a cinema in Hangzhou (photo by Xinhua News Agency issued by Long Wei)

"The Spring Festival movies reflect the creative concept of going deep into life and taking root in the people. The creators turn their eyes to the grand narrative and pay more attention to the life experiences and growth process of ordinary people." Zhifina, a professor at the China Academy of Art, believes that these films focus on realistic themes, echo the audience’s expectations for film works, and push the box office to continue to rise.

In terms of the audience, Chen Jin, a data analyst of Lighthouse Professional Edition, said that the box office share of third-and fourth-tier cities increased significantly this year compared with last year, and the number of family audiences increased significantly. "It can be said that the Spring Festival is still a significant’ sinking’ schedule, which will help to better stimulate the vitality of relevant markets." Chen Jin said.

In addition, relevant data show that the average ticket price of this year’s Spring Festival stalls has dropped significantly compared with last year. Under the guidance of Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Film Bureau and relevant departments of China People’s Bank, 11 financial institutions, including China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank and China Construction Bank, invested more than 30 million yuan in subsidies for movie viewing during the Spring Festival. Through full reduction, coupons, digital red envelopes and other means, the audience’s movie consumption gained tangible benefits.

[Comedy films are in full supply]

Throughout the Spring Festival in recent ten years, the head film is often supported by comedy, and whoever can lead the family fun will win the market. This year’s Spring Festival file is an out-and-out "all-staff comedy" Spring Festival file.

"Comedy elements cover almost all the new films released, and the audience laughs often and tears come from it." Li Xiaojun, vice chairman and secretary general of the Shanghai Film Association, analyzed that YOLO advocated living the "true self"; Pegasus 2 encourages people to stick to their dreams in middle age; "Article 20" profoundly reveals the emotion and temperature behind the legal provisions with comedy as the carrier, and the film focuses on the issues that people are concerned about at present, which is impressive.

Stills of the movie "Pegasus 2" (Photo courtesy of the film)

According to the satisfaction survey of movie audiences in China, YOLO’s main actors’ performances, the visual effects of Pegasus 2 and the positive energy of Article 20 have all been well received by ordinary audiences.

The audience also noticed that "The Movie Emperor", directed by Ning Hao and starring Andy Lau, reflected on all kinds of oddities in the current entertainment field in a humorous way. "Viva La Vida" also chooses to explore the contemporary youth’s outlook on life in a relaxed and humorous way, and the whole film is permeated with an optimistic attitude towards life.

Rao Shuguang, president of the China Film Critics Association, believes that comedy movies are just needed for the Spring Festival. During the Spring Festival, most of the audience walked into the cinema with a relaxed attitude, in order to "have fun." This year, we can see many comedies with thoughts and feelings appearing in the Spring Festival stalls, which brings confidence to the whole industry and is full of positive energy in the Spring Festival.

"Comedy movies can also make people cry. This reflects the kind of responsibility deeply rooted in the times when domestic films develop to a certain height. " Li Xiaojun said.

[Outstanding performance of animated films]

The outstanding performance of "Boonie Bears: Time Twist" in this year’s Spring Festival has attracted a lot of attention. On the first day of the film’s schedule, the box office score exceeded 200 million yuan, and the box office score reached 1.389 billion yuan in the final schedule.

"Boonie Bears: Time Twist" is the tenth film in the series of "Bears Come and Go". The creative team made further innovations in narrative and pictures, telling the story of Logger Vick who came to the metropolis to start his life again. In order to save Xiong Da Xiong Er, he started an adventure journey through time and space, which was close to daily life and integrated with animation, comedy, science fiction and other elements.

Stills of the movie "Boonie Bears: Time Twist" (Photo courtesy of the film)

As "frequent visitors" in the Spring Festival, the box office performance of the "Bear Haunted" series movies has been rising steadily, which is not only due to the parent-child audience base accumulated over the years and the habit of watching movies during the Spring Festival, but also closely related to the continuous pursuit of breakthroughs in film creation.

According to the analysis of relevant experts, with the increase of the age of the audience, the "bears haunt" has also been "growing up", breaking the boundaries of young age and gradually becoming more compatible in content, and trying to explore deeper topics by enriching narrative connotations and attracting audiences of different ages.

In fact, looking at the domestic animated films in recent years, from Ne Zha, to The New God List: Yang Jian, and then to Chang ‘an Three Wan Li, the creators of animated films have been actively exploring the content and expression, which has improved the technical techniques, narrative level and expression of domestic animated films, and also reflected the continuous development of China’s film industry.

In addition, The Lower Bound of Pig’s Tent, which tells the story of Pig’s growth, and Huang Qi: The Cat of the God of Wealth, which combines the festive elements such as the God of Wealth and the cash cow, also appeared on the big screen during the Spring Festival. The film draws nourishment from the excellent Chinese traditional culture, which sets off a jubilant movie-watching atmosphere and provides more choices for family movie-watching groups. (Reporter: Wang Peng, Xu Xiaoqing, Wei Yuyu)

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2022, China’s economic and social development was hit by multiple unexpected factors at home and abroad, and the risk challenge was unprecedented. From an international point of view, the changes in the past 100 years are intertwined with the epidemic in the century, the Ukrainian crisis has evolved in a complex way, the risk of stagflation in the world economy has risen, and the unstable and uncertain factors have increased significantly. From the domestic point of view, the epidemic situation has been delayed repeatedly, natural disasters such as high temperature and drought have occurred frequently, and the triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening have superimposed, making it more difficult to stabilize growth and employment. Facing the stormy international environment and arduous domestic tasks of reform, development and stability, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core unites and leads the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, adheres to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implements the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerates the construction of a new development pattern, resolutely increases the implementation of macro policies, effectively responds to the impact of unexpected factors, stabilizes the macro-economic market, promotes the steady improvement of development quality, and maintains the overall social harmony and stability. The latest statistical bulletin on national economic and social development in 2022 comprehensively records the process of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country struggling against pressure and vividly shows the new achievements made in socialist modernization.

　　First, economic strength has reached a new level.

　　In 2022, the first quarter started better than expected, and in the early part of the second quarter, due to unexpected factors, the economy once declined. Faced with the difficult situation, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made decisive decisions, and timely introduced a package of policies and successive measures to stabilize the economy. All localities and departments better coordinated epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, actively promoted the efficiency of fiscal policies, accelerated the implementation of combined tax and fee support policies, adopted a prudent monetary policy with reasonable and sufficient liquidity, and the economic market recovered in the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, although the impact of the epidemic increased again, with the joint efforts of all parties, the overall recovery trend continued. The economy achieved 3.0% growth in the whole year against the pressure, leading the growth rate among the top major economies in the world. The total economic output continued to expand, the development foundation was more solid, and the comprehensive national strength was further enhanced.Breakthrough of economic aggregate120One trillion yuan.In 2022, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 121 trillion yuan, which is a new step after breaking through 100 trillion yuan and 110 trillion yuan in 2020 and 2021. According to the annual average exchange rate, China’s total economic output reached 18 trillion US dollars, ranking second in the world. The per capita GDP was 85,698 yuan, which reached 12,741 dollars at the annual average exchange rate, and remained above 12,000 dollars.The basic position of agriculture has been further consolidated.Compacting the responsibility of grain production, strengthening the policy of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and achieving a new high in grain output. In 2022, the annual grain output was 1,373.1 billion Jin, an increase of 0.5% over the previous year, and it remained stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. The soybean oil production capacity improvement project was solidly promoted. In 2022, the national soybean and oilseed output increased by 23.7% and 1.1% respectively over the previous year. The production of animal husbandry grew steadily, and the output of pork, cattle, sheep and poultry increased by 3.8%.The role of industrial "ballast stone" is prominent.In 2022, the total industrial added value exceeded 40 trillion yuan for the first time; Among them, the added value of manufacturing reached 33.5 trillion yuan, and China continued to maintain its position as the world’s largest manufacturing country.Energy supply has achieved remarkable results.In view of the fluctuation of the international energy market, we will strengthen the domestic coal security and increase oil and gas storage and production, make overall plans to ensure the supply of coal, electricity, oil and gas transportation, effectively cope with the severe challenges such as extreme high temperature and drought in China, and ensure the energy consumption for daily life and production. In 2022, the output of raw coal was 4.56 billion tons, an increase of 10.5% over the previous year; The crude oil output was 204.72 million tons, rising to more than 200 million tons for the first time since 2016; The output of natural gas increased by 6.0%, exceeding 10 billion cubic meters for six consecutive years.Infrastructure construction has been strengthened.By the end of 2022, China’s railway operating mileage reached 155,000 kilometers; Among them, the high-speed rail is 42,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. Information and communication capabilities have been comprehensively improved. By the end of 2022, the total number of mobile phone base stations reached 10.83 million, including 2.31 million 5G base stations, accounting for over 60% of the world’s total, and the world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure was built.

　　Second, the overall stability of employment prices

　　In 2022, the situation at home and abroad is complicated and severe. Under the impact of the epidemic, enterprises have difficulties in production and operation, and their ability to absorb employment has decreased, and the employment difficulties of migrant workers have increased. At the same time, the number of college graduates has exceeded 10 million, reaching a record high, and the pressure of total employment and structural contradictions are prominent. The shortage of international commodity supply has brought about an increase in imported inflationary pressure, and the challenge of stabilizing employment and prices has increased. All localities and departments have put stable employment and stable prices in a more prominent position, made every effort to help enterprises tide over difficulties, stabilize posts and expand posts, strengthened entrepreneurship to promote employment, increased employment assistance for key groups, provided employment services and comprehensive protection, increased the production of key livelihood commodities and the docking of supply and marketing, strengthened the implementation of market price control mechanism, and made every effort to promote stable supply and prices, thus ensuring the overall stability of employment and price situation.The employment base is generally stable.In 2022, 12.06 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, exceeding the annual target of 11 million. The unemployment rate in urban surveys has generally declined. Affected by the epidemic situation and other factors, the national urban survey unemployment rate rose to 6.1% in April 2022. With the gradual implementation of measures to stabilize employment, the employment situation generally improved, and the national urban survey unemployment rate decreased to 5.5% at the end of the year. The employment of key groups such as migrant workers has been effectively guaranteed. In 2022, the total number of migrant workers was 295.62 million, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year.Consumer prices rose moderately.While effectively implementing a prudent monetary policy and insisting on not engaging in "flood irrigation" to lay a solid foundation for the stable operation of prices, we will continue to do a good job in stabilizing production and ensuring supply, and adjust reserves in a timely manner to promote the convergence of production, transportation and marketing, thus ensuring the overall stability of market prices. In 2022, the monthly increase of China’s consumer price index (CPI) was always less than 3%, but only increased by 2.0% for the whole year, which was significantly lower than that of developed economies such as the United States (8.0%), the euro zone (8.4%) and the United Kingdom (9.1%), and also significantly lower than that of emerging economies such as India, Brazil and South Africa (6%— With a 10% increase, "China’s price is stable" is in sharp contrast with "global inflation".

　　Third, new kinetic energy continues to grow.

　　In 2022, the competition in the international market will become more intense, and the external pressure on our science and technology field will continue, and the risk of chain breakage and decoupling will increase. China has firmly implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development, solidly promoted innovation and entrepreneurship, deepened the reform of scientific and technological system and mechanism, increased the innovation incentives of enterprises, vigorously stimulated the vitality of innovation, and strengthened key core technology research. The national strategic scientific and technological strength has continued to increase, major scientific and technological achievements have emerged, and new development momentum has continued to grow.Innovation input and output continued to increase.In 2022, the total social research and experimental development funds (R&D) reached 3.1 trillion yuan, exceeding 3 trillion yuan for the first time, increasing by 10.4% over the previous year, and maintaining double-digit growth for seven consecutive years; The ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP was 2.55%, up by 0.12 percentage points. By the end of 2022, the effective number of invention patents in China reached 4.212 million, ranking first in the world. The dominant position of enterprise innovation has been strengthened, and the transformation of innovation achievements has been accelerated. In 2022, the industrialization rate of invention patents of Chinese enterprises was 48.1%, 1.3 percentage points higher than the previous year.The national strategic scientific and technological strength has been accelerated.The construction of the national laboratory system has been solidly promoted, and the construction of international science and technology innovation centers, comprehensive national science centers, national manufacturing innovation centers and regional science and technology innovation centers has been accelerated. Major scientific and technological achievements have come out one after another, which has effectively promoted the development of industrial modernization. In 2022, the "Chang ‘e" lunar exploration, "Tian Wen" fire exploration and Shenzhou series spacecraft took off in relay, the China Space Station was fully built, the first C919 large aircraft was officially delivered, and the third aircraft carrier Fujian ship was launched.New kinetic energy continues to increase.A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation have accelerated evolution, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and blockchain have been widely used, and new industries have grown rapidly. In 2022, the added value of high-tech manufacturing industries above designated size increased by 7.4% over the previous year, and investment in high-tech industries increased by 18.9%; The output of new energy vehicles, solar cells and industrial robots increased by 90.5%, 46.8% and 21.0% respectively. Accelerate the construction of mobile Internet of Things. By the end of 2022, the number of cellular Internet of Things users in China reached 1.845 billion, an increase of 447 million over the end of last year, accounting for 70% of the global total.

　　Fourth, the green and low-carbon transformation has progressed steadily.

　　The construction of ecological civilization is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. In 2022, while actively stabilizing the economic operation, the whole country will firmly implement Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s development concept, vigorously promote the construction of beautiful China, jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening and growth, continue to deepen the tough battle of pollution prevention, actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, accelerate the green transformation of development mode, continuously optimize the ecological environment, and accelerate the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.Energy conservation, consumption reduction and emission reduction have been steadily advanced.In 2022, the national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP decreased by 0.1% compared with the previous year, and the carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan GDP decreased by 0.8%. The low-carbon transformation of energy continued to deepen, the production of clean energy increased rapidly, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption continued to increase. In 2022, the power generation of clean energy such as hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar power generation increased by 8.5% over the previous year; Non-fossil energy consumption accounted for 17.5% of the total energy consumption, an increase of 0.8 percentage points.The effectiveness of pollution control continues to show.In-depth efforts have been made to defend the blue sky, clear water and pure land, and the quality of the ecological environment has been continuously improved. Urban air quality has generally improved. In 2022, the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 339 cities at prefecture level and above decreased by 3.3% compared with the previous year. The surface water environment continued to improve. Among the surface water assessment sections in 3641 countries, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (I-III) was 87.9%, up by 3.0 percentage points.The ecological security barrier continued to be consolidated.Adhere to the systematic management of grass and sand in landscapes, forests, fields and lakes, strengthen the protection and restoration of ecosystems, promote large-scale land greening actions, and improve the natural ecosystem as a whole. In 2022, the afforestation area was 3.83 million hectares, including 1.2 million hectares of artificial afforestation; The improved area of planting grass is 3.21 million hectares, and the new area of soil erosion control is 63,000 square kilometers.

　　V. High-level opening-up continues to expand.

　　In 2022, the recovery of the world economy slowed down, the volatility of global financial markets increased, unilateralism and protectionism warmed up, and the uncertainty faced by the development of foreign trade and economic cooperation increased significantly. China insists on coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, makes great efforts to build a new development pattern, firmly upholds and practices multilateralism, speeds up the creation of a new open economic system at a higher level, actively promotes institutional opening, continuously improves the level of liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, makes great efforts to promote the stable scale and excellent structure of foreign trade, makes greater efforts to attract and utilize foreign capital, solidly promotes the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road", continuously expands the space for foreign trade and economic cooperation, and continuously increases foreign trade and foreign capital, demonstrating the economic resilience and strong international competitiveness of big countries.Trade in goods reached a new high.In 2022, the total import and export volume of goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching 42.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year, achieving a new breakthrough on a high base. Trade in services has grown steadily. In 2022, the total import and export of services increased by 12.9% over the previous year; Among them, the import and export of knowledge-intensive services increased by 7.8%. The potential of cross-border e-commerce has been accelerated. In 2022, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export was 2.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year.Use foreign capital to grow against the trend.Market-oriented and legalized international business environment has been accelerated, and China has continued to become a hot spot for global investment. In 2022, the actual use of foreign capital in China increased by 6.3% compared with the previous year according to the comparable diameter, and the scale of attracting foreign investment reached a new high. The use of foreign capital in high-tech industries increased rapidly. In 2022, the actual use of foreign capital in high-tech industries increased by 28.3% over the previous year, accounting for 36.1% of the total use of foreign capital, an increase of 7.1 percentage points over the previous year.The effectiveness of building the "Belt and Road" with high quality has emerged.China’s economic and trade exchanges with countries along the "Belt and Road" have become increasingly close. In 2022, China’s import and export volume to countries along the Belt and Road reached a record high, reaching 13.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.4% over the previous year; The non-financial direct investment of Chinese enterprises in countries along the Belt and Road increased by 7.7%. In 2022, the number of trains in China and Europe totaled 16,000, an increase of 9% over the previous year; The trains in the new land and sea passage in the west sent a total of 756,000 TEUs, an increase of 18.5%.New progress has been made in the construction of the free trade zone.High-quality implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) to promote regional integration and cooperation. In 2022, China’s import and export volume and non-financial direct investment to RCEP trading partners increased by 7.5% and 18.9% respectively over the previous year, and its direct investment increased by 23.1%. The level of trade liberalization and facilitation continued to improve, and the demonstration and driving role of the open highland in the Pilot Free Trade Zone was highlighted. In 2022, the import and export volume of 21 free trade pilot zones in China increased by 14.5% over the previous year; The import and export volume of goods in Hainan Free Trade Port exceeded 200 billion yuan, an increase of 36.8%.

　　Sixth, people’s livelihood and well-being continued to improve.

　　Enhancing people’s livelihood and satisfying people’s yearning for a better life is the fundamental purpose of development. In 2022, the epidemic will have a great impact on residents’ employment, income and life, and the problems of people in education, medical care and other fields will increase, and the pressure on basic people’s livelihood security will increase significantly. All localities and departments have thoroughly implemented the people-centered development thought, focused on people’s concerns, tried every means to increase residents’ income, continuously improved the quality of education, strengthened the medical and health service guarantee, strengthened the function of social security, improved the level of public services, made new progress in the development of people’s livelihood, continuously improved people’s lives, and enhanced people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.Residents’ income growth is basically synchronized with economic growth.In 2022, the per capita disposable income of the national residents increased by 2.9% over the previous year, which was basically in step with economic growth. The achievements of poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded. In 2022, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken counties actually increased by 5.4%, faster than the income growth rate of rural residents nationwide.Ensure that the basic bottom line is solid and strong.Social insurance coverage continued to expand. By the end of 2022, the number of people participating in basic pension, unemployment and work-related injury insurance in China increased by 24.3 million, 8.49 million and 8.25 million respectively. The work of expanding the minimum living allowance and increasing efficiency was solidly promoted, and social assistance was intensified. By the end of 2022, there were 6.83 million people in urban and 33.49 million people in rural areas, and 10.83 million people received temporary assistance in the whole year. The per capita income of social assistance and subsidies in China increased by 3.8% over the previous year.Social undertakings have made all-round progress.The popularity of education has steadily increased. In 2022, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education and the gross enrollment rate of high school will increase to 95.5% and 91.6% respectively. The medical and health forces continued to strengthen. By the end of 2022, there were 1.033 million medical and health institutions and 11.55 million health technicians in China. The construction of public cultural service system has been solidly promoted. By the end of 2022, there were 3,503 cultural centers and 3,303 public libraries in China. The comprehensive population coverage rate of TV programs is 99.8%.

　　Through the wind and frost, the ambition is stronger and the new journey of forging ahead is much more magnificent. In 2022, China’s economic and social development withstood the pressure, went through an extraordinary course, and its economic strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards continued to improve, writing a new chapter in Chinese modernization. These achievements are the result of the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and the United struggle of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. Practice has once again proved that as long as the Party and the people stand together, want to be together and work together, no difficulty can stop the sonorous pace of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Walking in the surging spring tide, although the external environment is becoming more complicated, severe and uncertain, the triple pressures of shrinking domestic demand, supply shock and expected weakening are still relatively large, and the foundation for recovery is still not solid, but the characteristics of China’s economy with strong resilience, great potential and full vitality have not changed, the fundamentals for long-term improvement have not changed, and the factors supporting high-quality development have not changed. We have the foundation, confidence and ability to resist various risk challenges and strive for the realization of the second century. Let us unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, comprehensively implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, and strive for new glories without thinking in vain.Make a good start for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　CCTV News: Li Bin, male, born in May, 1950, Han nationality, party member of CPC, section chief of Shanghai Electric Hydraulic Pneumatic Co., Ltd.

　　Li Bin has successively completed 55 new product development projects, 201 process research projects, more than 1,500 NC machining process programming projects, directly created economic benefits of more than 8.3 million yuan, designed 184 cutters, and made 82 pairs of self-made improved fixtures and fixtures, which saved high costs for enterprises and won many patents.

　　Honors won: second prize of national scientific and technological progress, four consecutive national model workers, Chinese skill award, top ten national models of high-skilled talents, Shanghai Mayor’s quality award, and the first Shanghai craftsman.

　　I. Resume

　　Li Bin, male, born in 1960, graduated from technical school in 1980 and entered Shanghai Hydraulic Pump Factory as a junior worker. In order to better contribute to the development of the enterprise, he aims at the continuous charging of demand, what is missing in the post, what he studies, and what the enterprise needs, he will make up. Through self-study, he completed his high school studies. After three years of spare-time study, he obtained a junior college degree in mechanical engineering from Shanghai TV University. In the summer of 1998, Li Bin obtained a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and electronic engineering from shanghai second polytechnic university, and obtained a bachelor’s certificate and a bachelor’s degree.

　　Li Bin is now the section chief of the CNC workshop of Shanghai Electric Hydraulic Pneumatic Co., Ltd., a senior engineer, a senior technician, a chief technician of Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation, and one of the most influential labor models since the founding of New China. He has won the first top ten workers’ inventors in Shanghai, outstanding professional and technical talents in Shanghai, Chinese Skills Award, national knowledge worker model, national top ten high-skilled talents model, and enjoyed the special allowance of the State Council experts; In 2011, he won the first prize of national model individual and expert in technological innovation of machinery industry workers and outstanding technological innovation achievements of Shanghai workers; In 2013, he was recognized as the chief gold medal worker of the national mechanical metallurgy building materials system. Li Bin is a representative of the 11th, 12th and 13th National People’s Congress and the 16th, 17th and 19th National People’s Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Delegate to the 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th National Congresses of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Shanghai Electric Group established the first school named after ordinary workers in China — — Shanghai Electric Li Bin Technician College. Under the background of "innovation-driven, transformational development", Li Bin used his actions to change the status quo that China’s hydraulic technology is still at a low level in the world, and the basic parts of high-end construction machinery and equipment are completely dependent on imports.

　　Second, the work performance

　　1. Personal moral integrity

　　A tree is a painting, and a forest is a landscape. Li Bin always believes that no matter how great one’s personal skills are, it is only a single strength. Only by cultivating and bringing out more "smart workers" can we effectively promote enterprise development and social development.

　　Through Li Bin Studio as the carrier, Li Bin trained and trained a group of technical backbones who love the enterprise, love their jobs, have dedication, can study hard and work hard. Through the training of key projects, many studio members have made outstanding achievements in their jobs.

　　2. Excellent professional ability

　　Since 2012, Li Bin has led the members of the studio and made many breakthroughs in the localization project of A6V variable motor:

　　2.1 A6V series of new product development projects

　　The project has completed seven series, including A6V28, A6V55, A6V80, A6V107, A6V160, A6V200 and A6V250, including new product development and small batch production, and the performance of the products has basically reached the level of similar products of Rexroth.

　　2.2 A6V series cylinder measurement key project

　　According to the characteristics of NC machine tool processing and the measuring principle of three-coordinate measuring instrument, a set of simple and practical coaxiality measuring die is designed.

　　This measurement method is simple and reliable. Now this spherical measuring mold has been manufactured and put into use. The coaxiality between the axis of the seven holes in the cylinder body and the spherical surface can be controlled within 0.02 mm. The quality of the cylinder body is greatly improved.

　　2.3 Manufacturing Project of Assembly Line of Inclined Shaft Piston Pump

　　Through the analysis of the upper and lower stations and fixture positioning, the project organized the improvement of the assembly line. After the trial assembly of the products, the assembly line was gradually improved, which achieved obvious improvement effects: through the active participation and cooperation of various departments, the design and manufacture of the assembly line of the inclined shaft piston pump were completed, and the quality and efficiency of production were greatly improved.

　　2.4 Design and application of casting mould for motor cover and shell of variable speed motor

　　The purpose of the project is to solve the problems of looseness and sand holes in the casting of the motor cover and shell of variable speed motor.

　　According to the characteristics of the product, the casting mold was redesigned and made. The metal mold was used for assembly line casting, and the whole casting process and various parameters were controlled by computer. It plays a very important role in improving product quality and reducing scrap rate.

　　Through a series of project innovations, such as A6V series new product development project, A6V series cylinder measurement tackling key problems project, inclined shaft piston pump assembly line manufacturing project and variable motor motor cover and shell casting mold design and application project, A6V series inclined shaft hydraulic variable motor has reached the international advanced and domestic leading level.

　　3. Outstanding work performance

　　High-pressure axial piston pump/motor is an important component of hydraulic system. The low level of basic technology in China leads to the domestic hydraulic technical performance and reliability far behind that in Germany, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of main engine. The development of domestic high-end construction machinery mainframe industry depends entirely on imported hydraulic components, and the national military products are also greatly affected.

　　In order to revitalize the hydraulic technology in China, Li Bin took the initiative to propose and undertake the innovative research project of "Key Technologies for Localization of High-pressure Axial Piston Pump/Motor", with the goal of increasing the maximum pressure from 25MPa to 40MPa and the maximum rotation speed from 1,500 r/min to 6,000 r/min, so as to meet the performance requirements of high-end hosts. He led the project team, and through the design and application of 11 technological innovations, laid the foundation for the key technical indicators of the products to reach the international advanced level. Through the third-party type test, the main technical indicators have completely reached the German peak pressure and the highest speed. The appraisal conclusion of Shanghai Economic and Information Commission on "Key Technologies of Localization of High-pressure Axial Piston Pump/Motor" is: "The project has reached the domestic leading and international advanced level in general." The project won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award and the first prize of China Machinery Industry Science and Technology Award.

　　In recent years, Li Bin led the team to make a breakthrough in the project of high-pressure axial piston pump/motor, and further developed the more advanced A6V series variable motor domestically. A6V series oblique-shaft hydraulic variable-speed motors are widely used in the construction machinery industry at present, for example, they can be used to hoist and rotate crawler cranes, and they are important basic parts of construction machinery. However, A6V series inclined-axis hydraulic variable-speed motors used in China’s construction machinery industry have long relied on imports and are basically monopolized by international giants in Europe and America.

　　Due to some domestic fields, such as metal materials, heat treatment technology of metal materials, high precision and high precision machining technology, there is still a certain gap compared with the international advanced level. The A6V products produced by us have many problems, such as many early failures, unstable processing quality and low qualified rate of parts processing. In order to change these technical problems of A6V products, Li Bin Studio took A6V product technical research as "Model Worker Innovation Studio Project". After the completion of the project, the annual sales revenue of variable displacement pump/motor series products related to this key project exceeded 6 million yuan.

　　The breakthrough of key technologies has enabled China to truly possess the internationally advanced manufacturing technology of variable speed motors. By tackling the key problems of localization, we truly have the international advanced manufacturing technology of hydraulic components, which has practical and long-term significance for changing the backward situation of basic hydraulic components in China.

　　Third, the economic and social benefits achieved

　　1. Economic benefits

　　In 2015 and 2016, due to the influence of macro-control, the construction machinery industry was not prosperous, and the sales of major domestic main engine plants all dropped significantly, but our variable displacement pump/motor products still achieved sales of 7.57 million yuan and 6.14 million yuan respectively. Since the end of 2016, with the gradual deepening of the national "One Belt, One Road" strategy, the construction machinery industry has gradually stepped out of the trough. Especially since January 2017, the supply of hydraulic pumps/motors produced by our company has been in short supply in the construction machinery market in China, and the sales volume has greatly increased compared with previous years. In 2017, the sales volume of products related to key projects was 9.213 million yuan, which achieved good economic benefits for enterprises.

　　2. Social benefits

　　2.1 Breakthrough of key technologies

　　The breakthrough of key technologies has enabled China to truly possess internationally advanced A6V series product manufacturing technology. Rexroth’s hydraulic technology has been in the leading position in the world for a long time. By tackling key problems in localization, we have truly advanced international hydraulic component manufacturing technology, which has practical and long-term significance for changing the backward situation of basic hydraulic components in China. Breaking Rexroth’s technical monopoly, realizing the full localization of high-end hydraulic components, greatly reducing the supporting cost of the main engine, saving the national foreign exchange and promoting the national "Belt and Road" strategy have great social benefits.

　　2.2 Product performance and reliability have been greatly improved.

　　With the improvement of product performance and reliability, the company’s products have been designated as supporting products for military industry, which are used for supporting 09Ⅲ and 09Ⅳ steering gear, a new generation of self-propelled gun launchers and missile destroyers. The supporting products participated in the military parade of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army in China at the end of July 2017, visited Hong Kong for the escort ship of the Liaoning carrier in July 2017, and went to the Gulf of Aden for escort operations and China naval parade in September 3, 2015.

　

　

education

　

Ordinary institutions of higher learning Refers to the full-time universities, independent colleges, junior colleges, higher vocational schools and other institutions that are approved to be held according to the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, recruit high school graduates as the main training objects, and implement higher education.

Universities and independent colleges mainly carry out education at or above the undergraduate level, colleges and vocational schools carry out education at the junior college level, and other institutions are institutions that undertake the tasks of the national general enrollment plan. Including branches of ordinary colleges and universities and approved ordinary colleges and universities.

Independent college Refers to the secondary colleges at the undergraduate level organized by ordinary undergraduate colleges according to the new mechanism and model. The secondary colleges, "branch schools" or other similar secondary institutions established by some ordinary undergraduate colleges according to the public mechanism and mode do not belong to this category.

adult higher colleges Refers to the national unified entrance examination for adult higher education, which is approved by the national setting standards and examination and approval procedures.,Schools that recruit people who have graduated from high school or equivalent education as the main training object and implement higher education by correspondence, part-time and full-time education. Including staff colleges and universities, farmers colleges and universities, management cadre colleges, education colleges, independent correspondence colleges, radio and television universities, and other institutions. Other institutions are institutions that undertake the tasks of the national adult enrollment plan without counting schools.

Other private institutions of higher education Refers to the units that have been approved by the education administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and issued school licenses, and do not have the qualification to issue diplomas from ordinary colleges and universities.

Secondary vocational education After adjustment, secondary vocational schools refer to all kinds of school types that implement secondary vocational education, such as ordinary secondary specialized schools (secondary technical schools, secondary normal schools), adult secondary specialized schools, vocational high schools and other institutions, and are adjusted into unified school types through merger, co-construction, joint operation and transfer.

Other institutions Refers to the educational institutions undertaking secondary vocational education without counting schools (including closed schools and secondary vocational education institutions attached to institutions of higher learning).

Vocational junior high school Refers to a teaching institution approved by the education administrative department at or above the county level to recruit primary school graduates to implement junior secondary vocational and technical education.

primary education Refers to the teaching institutions approved by the education administrative departments at or above the county level to recruit school-age children to implement primary education.

approved school Refers to a teaching institution jointly organized by the education department and the public security department to rescue middle school students who have minor violations of the law.

special needs education Refers to an independent teaching institution that recruits blind, deaf and mentally handicapped children and other children and adolescents with special needs for general or vocational primary and secondary education.

preschool education Including kindergartens and preschool classes. Pre-school class refers to an organizational form of organizing pre-school children to carry out one-year pre-school education in some areas where pre-school children cannot enter the park for three years. Preschool class is an important form of developing preschool education in rural areas, and it is also an auxiliary form for cities to make up for the shortage of kindergartens.

combined junior and senior high school Refers to the educational institutions jointly established by ordinary junior high schools and senior high schools.

On-the-job personnel pursue doctoral and master’s degrees. Refers to the students who are approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and enrolled in the national entrance examination for doctoral and master’s degrees in order to improve the professional level of on-the-job personnel. The students trained only have degrees and no academic qualifications.

Self-taught students Refers to the students enrolled in full-time teaching remedial classes for students who take self-study exams in higher education.

Diploma examination students Refers to the full-time college students enrolled in other private higher education institutions to take the higher education diploma examination.

General preparatory students Refers to the preparatory enrollment plan issued with the approval of the Ministry of Education and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, which recruits ethnic minorities, Hong Kong, Macao, overseas Chinese and Taiwanese students. After one year of cultural tutoring, those who pass are promoted to relevant majors in ordinary colleges and universities.

Further education and training Refers to all kinds of non-academic education in higher education schools (institutions).

Higher education qualification certificate training Refers to the non-academic education organized by various higher education institutions, which recruits management staff with high school graduation education, engaged in professional and technical work or strong professionalism, and obtains the professional knowledge level that meets the post requirements after passing the study and examination. The forms of certificate education include single-subject classes and professional certificate classes.

Higher education post certificate training Refers to the non-academic education and training activities organized by various higher education institutions to improve their work ability. All kinds of personnel who have received training pass the examination as required, and they will be issued with post qualification certificates and appointment letters. On-the-job training forms include qualification training and adaptability training.

Secondary education qualification certificate training Refers to all kinds of trained personnel who have passed the study and examination and obtained professional qualification certificates that meet the post requirements.

Secondary education post certificate training Refers to all kinds of trained personnel who have passed the study and examination, and issued post qualification certificates and post appointment letters.

Net enrollment rate of primary school-age children Refers to the proportion of school-age children who have entered primary school in the survey range to the total number of school-age children inside and outside the school (including mentally retarded children, excluding blind deaf-mute children).

Faculty (basic education) Refers to the fixed personnel (excluding temporary workers and teachers) who are prepared in schools and engaged in teaching, management and logistics support.

Teaching staff can be divided into teachers, administrators, teaching assistants and workers according to the nature of their work.

Faculty (higher and secondary vocational education) Refers to the number of teaching and administrative staff who work in schools (institutions) and are paid by schools (institutions), including ① those who are on the staff, that is, those whose personnel relations and files are in schools according to the original personnel management system; (2) Appointment personnel, that is, long-term and full-time staff recruited by universities (institutions) after the personnel system reform. The personnel relationship of the appointment personnel is in the school, but the files are not in the school.

The number of teaching and administrative staff includes the teaching and administrative staff of the headquarters, personnel of scientific research institutions, employees of school-run enterprises and personnel of other affiliated institutions.

full-time teacher Refers to a person who is qualified as a teacher and specializes in teaching.

National financial education funds Include education funds in that national budget, tax and fees levied by governments at all levels for education, school-run education fund by enterprises, and education funds from school-run industries, work-study programs and social services.

Education funds in financial budget Refers to the education funds arranged by the central and local governments at all levels or the competent department at a higher level during the year and planned to be allocated to schools and educational institutions at all levels sponsored by the education department and other departments, which are included in the national budget expenditure items, including education funds, scientific research funds, infrastructure funds and other funds.

　

culture

　

Cultural undertakings and cultural enterprise institutions Refers to the institutions and enterprises that specialize in culture and related work and have legal personality and independent accounting, as well as business professional cultural activity units that are independently accounted for and affiliated to institutions. Including: literary and artistic creation and performance, art performance venues, cultural relics and cultural protection, museums, libraries and archives, mass cultural activities, cultural and artistic brokerage and agency, other cultural and artistic industries, entertainment and cultural services, etc. Cultural and artistic education in the education industry; And other industries run by cultural institutions that do not belong to the above industries.

Non-cultural industrial institutions Refers to the institutions and enterprises that do not belong to the above "cultural institutions and cultural enterprises" and are directly under the competent cultural departments at all levels, as well as all kinds of non-cultural activities units run by various institutions and enterprises in the cultural sector.

Art performance group Refers to all kinds of professional art performance groups that are organized or managed by the cultural department and specialize in literature, art creation and performing arts, excluding half-work, half-agriculture and half-art troupes.

Art performance venues Refers to the management activities of places with auditorium, stage and lighting equipment, which are dedicated to the performance of literary and art groups. Including concert halls, opera houses, dance theaters, theatres, circuses and other places for cultural performances. Does not include cinemas, auditoriums, stadiums, art galleries and art galleries such as painting and sculpture.

Art colleges and universities Refers to the full-time, independent colleges and junior college art schools that are approved to be held according to the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, incorporated into the national enrollment plan, passed the national unified enrollment examination, recruited high school graduates and those equivalent to high school education as the main training objects, and implemented higher education.

Secondary art school It refers to a full-time professional school that is approved by the Ministry of Culture or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, incorporated into the national enrollment plan, organized entrance examinations according to state regulations, recruited primary or junior high school (or some senior high schools) graduates and those with equivalent academic qualifications, implemented secondary art education and trained secondary art talents.

Cultural cadre colleges Refers to colleges and universities where cultural cadres are trained and trained by leaders of cultural administrative departments at all levels.

Operating internet cultural unit Refers to the unit that issues the network culture business license by the cultural administrative department.

　

Radio and television

　

Total length of cable radio and television transmission trunk network It is used to transmit signals before or between various front ends and distribution points or optical nodes. Including: national trunk network, provincial trunk network, prefecture-level trunk network, county-level trunk network and leased trunk network.

Number of cable radio and television users Refers to the number of users who watch TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network, including the number of cable TV users who receive analog signals and digital signals.

Number of analog TV users Refers to the number of users who watch analog signal TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network.

Number of digital TV users Refers to the number of users who watch digital signal TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network.

Number of paid digital TV users Refers to the number of cable TV users who watch digital TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network and pay the viewing fee.

Number of public broadcasting programs Refers to the number of radio programs approved by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and run by radio and television broadcasters, which do not charge listeners for listening, and broadcast on a fixed frequency for the main purpose of providing public broadcasting services to the public, and have a complete set of self-run program schedules. This refers to the number of programs broadcast to the public for free, not only to public channels.

Time for broadcasting purchase and exchange programs throughout the year. Refers to the annual broadcast time of radio and television broadcasters through purchase, exchange and other transactions, including imported programs, which belongs to public broadcast time.

Microwave station The total number of starting stations, opening stations, relay stations and terminal stations of microwave lines.

Length of digital microwave transmission trunk line Refers to the length of microwave trunk line capable of transmitting digital signals.

Long-term employee Refers to employees whose employment period is more than one year (including one year).

Carry-over self-raised infrastructure Refers to the use of non-financial funds for infrastructure funds.

　

sports

　

Sports full-time coach Refers to coaches who specialize in sports training.

letterman Refers to the personnel who have been approved by the labor and personnel departments at all levels to join the team and specialize in sports training, including athletes in training and trial training.

First-line athletes Refers to the national team, national training team, Chinese youth team and outstanding sports teams in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

Second-line athletes Refers to sports classes in sports schools. Third-line athletes: refers to all kinds of amateur sports schools for children.

　

health

　

health institution Refers to the units that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions from the administrative department of health, or obtained the registration certificate of legal entity from the administrative departments of civil affairs, industry and commerce, and establishment management, and provided medical care, disease control, health supervision services or engaged in medical research and education for the society. Health institutions include hospitals, sanatoriums and community health service centers.(stand), hospitals, clinics, clinics(Health clinic, infirmary), emergency center(stand), blood collection and supply institutions, maternal and child health centers(Station, station)Specialized disease prevention and treatment center(Station, station)Center for Disease Control and Prevention(epidemic station), health supervision, health supervision and inspection(Monitoring and testing)Institutions, medical research institutions, medical on-the-job training institutions, health education institutes(stand)Other health institutions. This data does not include village clinics (separate statistics).

medical institution Refers to the institutions that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions from the administrative department of health, including hospitals, sanatoriums and community health service centers.(stand), hospitals, clinics, clinics(Health clinic, infirmary), Maternal and Child Health Hospital(Station, station)Specialized disease prevention and treatment center(Station, station) , emergency center(stand)And clinical laboratory center. This information does not include village clinics.(Separate statistics).

Nonprofit medical institutions Refers to the medical institutions established and operated for the public interest, not for profit, and their income is used to make up for the cost of medical services.

For-profit medical institutions Refers to medical institutions whose income from medical services can be used to make up for investors’ economic returns. The government does not run for-profit medical institutions.

hospital Including general hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine hospitals, ethnic hospitals, various specialized hospitals and nursing homes, excluding specialized disease prevention hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals and nursing homes.

hospital of traditional Chinese medicine Refers to traditional Chinese medicine(comprehensive)Hospitals and specialized hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine, excluding hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic hospitals.

special hospital Including stomatological hospitals, ophthalmology hospitals, otolaryngology hospitals, tumor hospitals, cardiovascular hospitals, chest hospitals, hematological hospitals, and maternity hospitals.(branch of academic or vocational study)Hospitals, children’s hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, infectious diseases hospitals, dermatology hospitals, tuberculosis hospitals, leprosy hospitals, occupational diseases hospitals, orthopedic hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, plastic surgery hospitals, beauty hospitals and other specialized hospitals, excluding traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, various specialized disease prevention hospitals and maternal and child health care hospitals.

community health service centers(stand) Refers to the grass-roots health institutions that provide prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education and family planning technical services for residents in this community.

Union ban village clinic Refers to the village clinic by two or more rural doctors jointly run, rural doctors and health workers jointly run and practice.(assistant)Doctors and rural doctors or health workers jointly run.

Health personnel Refers to the workers working in health institutions such as medical treatment, preventive health care, medical scientific research and on-the-job education, including health technicians, other technicians, managers and workers. All statistics are based on the on-the-job employees who pay the wages at the end of the year, including recruiters, excluding temporary workers, retirees, those who leave the unit and still retain labor relations and those who are re-employed.

health workers Including practicing.(assistant)Doctors, registered nurses, pharmacy personnel, inspection and imaging personnel and other health professionals. Does not include health technical personnel engaged in management work.(Will be included in the management personnel.).

doctor Including chief physician, deputy chief physician, attending physician, resident physician and healer.

certified doctor Including chief physician, deputy chief physician, attending physician and resident physician.

Practitioner (assistant) physician Refers to the personnel who have the Medical Practitioner’s License and their "level" as "practicing (assistant) doctors" and are actually engaged in medical treatment, prevention and health care, excluding the practicing (assistant) doctors who are actually engaged in management. The categories of practicing (assistant) doctors are divided into four categories: clinical, traditional Chinese medicine, oral and public health.

registered nurse Refers to the personnel who have registered nurse certificate and are actually engaged in nursing work, excluding nurses engaged in management work.

Pharmacy personnel Including chief pharmacists, deputy chief pharmacists, competent pharmacists, pharmacists, pharmacists and pharmacists.

Inspector Including chief inspection technician, deputy chief inspection technician, chief inspection technician, inspection technician, inspection technician and inspector.

Other technicians Refers to those who graduated from high schools and other non-health majors such as chemistry and mathematics, and are now engaged in technical work such as health promotion, scientific research and teaching.

administrative staff Including the person in charge of the unit, mainly engaged in medical care, disease control, health supervision, medical research and teaching and other business management personnel, mainly engaged in party and government, personnel, finance, information, security and other administrative management personnel.

Health technical personnel per thousand population That is, the number of health technicians/PopulationX1000. Population is the registered population of the Ministry of Public Security.

country doctor Refers to the personnel who have obtained the certificate of "village doctor" from the local health administrative department in the village clinic.

health worker Refers to the personnel who have not obtained the certificate of "village doctor" in the village clinic.

Bed number Refers to the fixed bed at the end of the year.(Non-compiled bed), including regular beds, simple beds, monitoring beds, beds being disinfected and repaired, beds stopped due to expansion or overhaul, excluding obstetric newborn beds, delivery rooms, waiting beds, observation beds, temporary extra beds and accompanying beds for patients’ families.

Number of beds in hospitals and health centers per thousand population namely(Hospital bed+Hospital bed)/PopulationX1000. Population is the registered population of the Ministry of Public Security.

total expenditure on health Reflect the total amount of funds spent on medical and health care services in the whole country in that year, and calculate it by financing source method. It is divided into three parts: government budget health expenditure, social health expenditure and personal cash health expenditure.

Government budget health expenditure Refers to the financial budget allocated by governments at all levels for health care. Including: ① public health service funds(Including health service fees, Chinese medicine service fees, drug supervision and management fees, family planning service fees, budgetary capital construction funds, medical research funds, health administration fees, basic medical insurance subsidies and rural cooperative medical care government subsidies.); ② Medical expenses of administrative institutions.

Social health expenditure Refers to the government’s extra-budgetary investment in health care from all walks of life. Including social basic medical insurance premiums, other social insurance medical and health expenses, commercial health insurance premiums, non-health department administrative institutions office expenses, enterprise staff medical and health expenses, agriculturalVillage collective economic health expenditure, health extra-budgetary capital construction funds, initial investment of private medical treatment, extra-budgetary capital investment of public health institutions, etc.

Personal cash health expenditure Refers to urban and rural residents using their disposable economic income.,Cash when receiving various medical and health services,Including personal cash health expenditure of urban residents and personal cash health expenditure of rural residents.

Per capita medical expenses of outpatients Also known as medical expenses per visit. namely(Medical outpatient income+Drug outpatient income)/Total number of visits.

Per capita medical expenses of inpatients Also known as the per capita medical expenses of discharged patients. namely(Medical hospitalization income+Drug hospitalization income)/Number of discharged patients.

The average daily hospitalization medical expenses of discharged patients namely(Medical hospitalization income+Drug hospitalization income)/Number of days of total bed occupied by discharged patients.

Total number of visits Refers to the total number of people in all diagnosis and treatment work. Including outpatient and emergency visits of patients, visits, visits to family sickbeds, visits to hospitals, visits to staff in our hospital, individual health check-ups and health consultation and guidance, and individual health check-ups in some areas.

Number of hospital admissions per 100 emergency departments. That is, admission number/Outpatient and emergency visits x100.

Bed turnover times Refers to the ratio of "number of discharged patients" to "average number of open beds".

Average length of stay of discharged patients It refers to the ratio of "the number of days occupied by discharged patients" to "the number of discharged patients".

Doctors are responsible for the number of visits per day. That is, the number of patients/Average number of doctors/251.

The average physician is responsible for the hospital bed days every day. Refers to the actual occupation of total bed days./Average number of doctors/365.

Residents’ two-week attendance rate It refers to the ratio of the number of people who went to medical institutions for treatment due to illness or physical discomfort in the two weeks before the survey to the number of people surveyed.

Residents’ two-week absence rate It refers to the ratio of the number of people who were ill but didn’t see a doctor in the two weeks before the survey to the number of people who were sick in the two weeks.

Hospitalization rate of residents Refers to the ratio of the number of hospitalized residents due to illness to the number of people surveyed in the year before the survey.

Live birth number Refers to the number of live births during the year. Live birth refers to the pregnancy product that is completely discharged or taken out from the mother regardless of the length of pregnancy. After it is separated from the mother, whether the umbilical cord is cut off or whether the placenta is attached, as long as the pregnancy product has one of the four life signs of breathing, heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation or obvious voluntary muscle movement, it is considered as a live birth.

neonatal mortality (rate) Refers to the postpartum within the year.28The ratio of the number of newborns who died within days to the number of live births. Generally expressed in parts per thousand.

fiveUnder-five mortality rate Refers to the year is not full.fiveRatio of deaths to live births of children aged. Generally expressed in ‰.

Maternal mortality rate Refers to every year10The death toll of 10,000 pregnant women. Maternal death refers to the period from the beginning of pregnancy to postpartum.forty-twoDeath within days, regardless of the time and place of pregnancy, includes death due to internal and surgical reasons, family planning operation, ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole, but does not include death due to accidental reasons. According to the international general calculation method, the "total number of pregnant and lying-in women" is calculated by "number of live births".

High-risk maternal ratio Refers to the ratio of high-risk number to live births caused by various pathological factors and acute and chronic risk factors. General use%Express.

Maternal card establishment rate Refers to the health care card established by health care personnel during the year.(volume)Ratio of number of people to number of live births. General use%Express.

Systematic management rate of pregnant women Refers to pregnancy during the year to postpartum.28Received early pregnancy examination and prenatal examination within days ≥fiveSecond, the ratio of the number of parturients who received disinfection delivery and postpartum visit to the whole health care service to the number of local live births. General use%Express.

Prenatal check-up rate Refers to the ratio of the number of pregnant women who have received one or more prenatal examinations during the year to the number of live births. General use%Express.

Postpartum visit rate Refers to the ratio of the number of parturients who have received one or more postpartum visits during the year to the number of live births. General use%Express.

Hospital delivery rate Refers to the ratio of the number of births to the number of live births in township hospitals and medical and health institutions above the township level during the year. General use%Express.

New delivery rate Refers to the ratio of the sum of the number of births delivered by the new method of hospital delivery and non-hospital delivery to the number of live births during the year. General use%Express. The new method of delivery means that the delivery package, the hands of the midwife, the vulva of the parturient and the umbilical cord are disinfected and delivered by doctors, midwives and trained primary health personnel and midwives who have obtained the certificate of "family midwife".

the two week prevalence rate That is, the number of patients in the two weeks before the investigation.(Or number of cases)/number of people surveyedX1000.

Prevalence of chronic diseases There are two definitions: the prevalence rate of chronic diseases calculated by the number of people refers to the ratio of the number of patients with chronic diseases to the number of people surveyed in the first half of the survey; The prevalence rate of chronic diseases calculated by the number of cases refers to the number of cases of chronic diseases in the first half of the investigation.(Including one person who has been sick many times.)Compared with the number of people surveyed. "Chronic disease" refers to: ① chronic diseases (including chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and chronic non-infectious diseases such as coronary heart disease and hypertension) confirmed by doctors within the first half of the investigation; ② He was diagnosed with a chronic disease by a doctor six months ago, and he had an attack during the first half of the investigation, and took treatment measures such as taking medicine and physical therapy. One of them is that they are suffering from "chronic diseases".

Statutory reporting incidence of infectious diseases Refers to every year in a certain area.10Number of legally reported infectious diseases of Class A and B in the population of 10,000. That is, the incidence of infectious diseases is legally reported=Number of legally reported infectious diseases of Class A and B/PopulationX100000.

Statutory reporting of infectious disease mortality Refers to every year in a certain area.10Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths of Class A and Class B in the population of 10,000. That is, legally reported infectious disease mortality.=Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths in Class A and Class B/PopulationX100000.

Mortality rate of legally reported infectious diseases Refers to the ratio between the number of deaths and the number of cases of legally reported infectious diseases in a certain area in a certain year. That is, legally reported mortality of infectious diseases.=Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths in Class A and Class B/Incidence numberX100%.

Standardized mortality rate That is, the age-standardized mortality rate refers to the mortality rate calculated according to the age structure of a standard population.

Qualified rate of food hygiene Refers to the qualified rate of food hygiene sampling inspection.,That is, the number of qualified food hygiene sampling monitoring pieces./Number of monitoring piecesX100%.

　

social work

　

Private non-enterprise Refers to enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other social forces and individual citizens who use non-state-owned assets to organize non-profit social service activities.

Number of regular pensions Refers to the number of families of revolutionary martyrs, families of soldiers who died in the line of duty or died at the end of the reporting period who met the pension conditions and were given regular pensions by the state.

Number of regular subsidies Refers to the sum of the demobilized soldiers who can’t participate in productive labor and have a particularly difficult life, the demobilized soldiers who have completely lost their ability to work and have a difficult life, the lost Red Army personnel, and other people who enjoy regular payment with pension expenses at the end of the reporting period.

Veterans of the Red Army in the countryside (separated Red Army personnel, marked army), etc. point to1937yearsevenmoonsixsunFormerly enlisted in the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants (including the marked army, the anti-Japanese Coalition forces and the full-time guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China (CPC)); There are discharge procedures or exact certificates; Those who have not defected to the enemy, and who have continued to maintain the revolutionary tradition after returning to the local area, and those who have been separated from the Red Army due to injury, illness, defeat in battle or organized mobilization, and have performed well after leaving the team, and have been recognized by the local people, reviewed by the township people’s government, and approved by the county and municipal people’s governments.

Demobilized soldiers in rural areas Refers to1954year11moononesunNon-commissioned officers and soldiers who volunteered to join the army before and were demobilized, or those who were conscripts but later changed to volunteers or cadres were treated as demobilized.

Number of scattered martyrs memorial buildings Refers to the total number of martyrs memorial buildings without martyrs memorial building management unit at the end of the reporting period. Including the number of monuments, towers, pavilions, shrines and martyrs’ cemeteries that praise revolutionary martyrs.

Adoption unit (social welfare unit providing accommodation) Refers to the general name of social welfare institutions that provide accommodation, rest homes for disabled revolutionary soldiers, sanatoriums for retired soldiers with chronic diseases, mental hospitals for retired soldiers, glorious hospitals, social welfare homes, children’s welfare homes, mental patients’ welfare homes, elderly adoption institutions (nursing homes, nursing homes, elderly apartments) and so on.

Social welfare enterprise Refers to the centralized placement of disabled people with certain working ability for the purpose of employment (disabled workers account for production personnel)10%Above), a general term for enterprises with social welfare nature. Social welfare enterprises are classified as: social welfare factories, artificial limb factories and other welfare enterprises.

Regular quantitative relief funds in cities and towns According to the regulations, the civil affairs department shall issue regular quantitative relief funds to the orphans, the old, the disabled, the young and the residents who have no fixed occupation, fixed income and living difficulties in cities and towns that have not yet implemented the minimum living security system.

Regular quantitative relief in rural areas By the civil affairs department to the rural income level is very low, life is really difficult, poor households living relief.

Streamline retired old workers point to1957Work before the end of the year, at1961Year’s arrival1965yearsixmoonninesunOld employees who were downsized during the period.

40%relieve Refers to the original standard salary given by the civil affairs department to the old, weak, sick and disabled among the streamlined retired old workers.40%Relief.

Streamline the assistance for retired workers Refers to the right or wrong40%The civil affairs department shall give relief to the streamlined retired workers who have difficulties in life for more than half a year.

Temporary relief in rural areas Refers to the life relief given by the state or the collective to those who have temporary difficulties in life for less than half a year during the reporting period.

Welfare lottery chest Refers to the extra-budgetary funds earmarked for the development of social welfare undertakings raised by issuing China welfare lottery tickets according to relevant state regulations. The income of social welfare fund includes: the net income after deducting the redemption and management fees from the total amount of welfare lottery tickets sold in China; Abandoned prize income without prize pool in lottery sales; Interest on bank deposits of social welfare funds.

household enjoying the five guarantees Refers to the person who cannot be legally obligated to support, or the person who is legally obligated to support, but the person who supports him is incapable of supporting; Incapable of working; The elderly, the disabled and the minors who have no source of livelihood.

“Sanwu"target Refers to the residents who can’t support (support, support) obligors, have no ability to work and have no source of income.

Number of charity supermarkets Refers to the number of social donation institutions that rely on regular social donation stations (points) to solve the living difficulties of urban poor residents, take targeted collection and distribution as the main form, learn from the management model of commercial supermarkets, and receive donated materials on demand for relief objects.

Urban elderly adoption welfare institutions Refers to the general name of social welfare institutions that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly adopt the social "three noes" and the elderly whose families are unable to take care of them.

Rural elderly adoption welfare institutions (rural five-guarantee welfare institutions) Refers to the social welfare units that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly adopt "five guarantees" and elderly people whose families are unable to take care of them in rural areas (townships and towns).

Community Service Center Refers to welfare institutions that do not provide multi-functional comprehensive services (more than two services) for the elderly, disabled people, families of martyrs and other community residents for profit. Basic conditions for being called a community service center: (oneThere is a certain place (the construction area is in100square meterAbove); (2) there are fixed management personnel; (three) The social welfare services provided must be more than two; (four) is an independent accounting unit.

Social welfare hospital Refers to the social welfare hospitals (including psychiatric welfare hospitals) that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly treat the homeless, helpless, and have no source of income, as well as the civil objects such as subsistence allowances and special care recipients.

Other payments Expenditure for civil affairs refers to the expenditure for civil affairs arranged by the finance from the budget. Such as military supply station funds, medical assistance, and secondary specialized schools organized by civil affairs departments.

　

Disabled cause

　

Cataract surgery Refers to the number of cases of cataract surgery.

Intraocular lens implantation Refers to the number of cases of intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery.

become literate Refers to the number of cases of blindness after cataract surgery.

Equipped with visual AIDS Refers to the number of tasks completed with visual AIDS for low vision in this year.

Hospital ophthalmology Refers to the number of newly opened low-vision clinics in hospitals at the municipal level (including county-level cities) this year.

Total number of newly recruited deaf children Refers to the sum of the number of deaf children newly trained in rehabilitation institutions and families this year.

Training parents of deaf children Refers to the number of parents of deaf children who held parent training classes this year (excluding parents of deaf children who are being trained by provincial centers and language training departments).

In-service teacher Refers to teachers who are directly engaged in rehabilitation training in rehabilitation institutions at all levels.

In-service medical skills Refers to the professional and technical personnel engaged in deafness diagnosis, hearing test, hearing aid selection, ear mold making, rehabilitation evaluation, psychological test and so on in rehabilitation institutions at all levels.

Rehabilitation and correction of leprosy deformity Refers to the number of cases in which leprosy patients received leprosy deformity correction surgery this year.

Set up a medical team Refers to the number of batches of provincial and municipal leprosy rehabilitation medical teams in this year.

Distribution of assistive devices (excluding artificial limbs) for leprosy disabled persons Refers to the total number of assistive devices distributed to leprosy disabled people in this year. Auxiliary appliances include protective shoes, insoles, goggles, crutches, wheelchairs, self-help appliances, orthoses, etc.

Rehabilitation training of leprosy deformity Refers to the number of leprosy disabled rehabilitation training tasks completed this year. Rehabilitation training includes self-care training and functional exercise.

Total cases of popular leg prosthesis assembly Refers to the number of popular leg prostheses assembled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system this year.

Total cases of universal thigh prosthesis assembly Refers to the number of popular thigh prostheses assembled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system this year.

Covering the total population Refers to the sum of the population covered by cities and counties that carry out intensive prevention and rehabilitation work. The population of prefecture-level cities refers to the population of the city, excluding the population of cities and counties under their jurisdiction; The population of county-level cities and counties refers to the population under the jurisdiction of the cities and counties.

Number of mental patients Refers to the total number of registered mental patients after a thorough investigation, rather than the figures calculated or estimated according to the incidence rate.

Number of patients under guardianship Refers to the total number of mental patients who receive socialized, open and comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation through monitoring groups, family sickbeds, industrial treatment stations, social employment and mental health institutions.

Number of significantly improved patients Refers to the number of mental patients whose condition is stable and their symptoms are relieved after taking effective treatment and rehabilitation measures.

Total number of people participating in society Refers to the number of mental patients who can take care of themselves and participate in housework, social production and social activities.

Accident rate Refers to the percentage of the number of people who violate the regulations on public security management and the total number of registered mental patients in the year.

Number of rehabilitation training for children with physical disabilities and cerebral palsy It refers to the number of tasks completed in rehabilitation training for physically disabled and cerebral palsy children in this year.

Effective number of rehabilitation for children with physical disabilities and cerebral palsy After systematic rehabilitation training, the training effect is the sum of significant effect and effective number.

Number of rehabilitation training for children with intellectual disabilities Refers to the sum of the tasks completed by mentally disabled children in institutions and families during this year.

Effective number of institutional and family rehabilitation for children with intellectual disabilities Respectively, after rehabilitation training in institutions and families, the training effect is the sum of great progress and the number of progress.

Number of municipal districts and counties (cities) carrying out rehabilitation services this year It refers to the number of tasks of municipal districts and counties (cities) that have carried out rehabilitation services for the disabled in this year to meet the requirements of the implementation measures of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services.

Cumulative number of municipal districts and counties (cities) carrying out rehabilitation services Respectively refer to2001Since, the sum of the number of tasks of municipal districts and counties (cities) that have carried out rehabilitation services for the disabled to meet the implementation requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services.

Total rehabilitation training service institutions Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the sum of the number of rehabilitation training service institutions for children with physical disabilities (including children with cerebral palsy) and intellectual disabilities at the provincial, city (prefecture), county (city, district) and county (city, district) levels.

Provincial, prefectural (city) and county (city, district) level disabled persons’ Federation system rehabilitation training service institutions. Refers to the end of this year.twelvemoon31Number of rehabilitation training service institutions for physically disabled (including children with cerebral palsy) and intellectually disabled children established by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district) levels.

Rehabilitation training service institutions established outside the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels. Refers to the end of this year.twelvemoon31Number of rehabilitation training service institutions for physically disabled (including children with cerebral palsy) and mentally disabled children established by departments and social forces outside the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district) levels.

Total training this year Refers to the sum of the training times of managers and technicians carried out by provinces, cities and districts (counties) according to the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services this year.

Distribute iodine supplement publicity materials Refers to the sum of promotional materials (posters, brochures, popular science books, etc.) issued by the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and the disabled persons’ federations of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and counties in this year.

Organize iodine supplementation publicity activities. Refers to all kinds of publicity activities, such as IDD prevention day, exhibition, consultation and knowledge lecture, jointly organized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation at all levels and the Disabled Persons’ Federation with health, civil affairs, family planning commission, salt industry, publicity and other relevant departments this year to eliminate IDD and prevent intellectual disability caused by iodine deficiency.

Number of people with special needs receiving publicity and education on iodine supplementation Refers to the number of people with special needs (newly married women of childbearing age and pregnant women) in a region who have received publicity and education on iodine supplementation. The total number of people with special needs for publicity and education can be1996Based on the estimated number of iodine supplements for people with special needs in.

Ordinary high schools for the blind and deaf It refers to the actual number of ordinary high schools for the blind and deaf respectively.

Number of people who have reached the admission scores of ordinary colleges and universities Refers to the actual number of disabled senior high school graduates who participated in this year’s college entrance examination and reached the admission score.

Reach the admission scores of ordinary colleges and universities. Refers to the actual number of disabled candidates who have not only reached the admission score of the college entrance examination but also been admitted by ordinary colleges and universities (excluding the number of students admitted to higher special education institutions).

Number of students enrolled in higher special education institutions Refers to the number of blind and deaf students admitted to higher special education colleges (schools) and majors (classes) this year.

Total educational and training institutions Refers to the number of academic education and non-academic training institutions specially organized by the society and the Disabled Persons’ Federation system for the disabled.

Total vocational training Refers to the vocational training of the society and the Disabled Persons’ Federation system except academic education, and the actual number of trainees in this year (including the number of trainees).

Total secondary vocational education institutions for the disabled Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Day, including the actual number of secondary vocational education institutions with academic qualifications for the disabled in special education schools, society and disabled persons’ federations.

School-age disabled children and adolescents with vision, hearing, intelligence, physical and mental disabilities who are not enrolled in school. Refers to a person who suffers from only one type of disability. Use of criteria for defining disability categories1987yearfourThe disability category standard of the national sample survey of disabled people in June.

Multiple disabilities Refers to a person suffering from two or more categories of disabled people. Use of criteria for defining disability categories1987yearfourThe disability category standard of the national sample survey of disabled people in June.

We should help poor disabled children and adolescents who are not enrolled in school. Refers to disabled children and adolescents who live below the local poverty line and are not enrolled in school.

Cumulative employment situation of urban disabled people Refers to urban (non-agricultural registered permanent residence) centralized employment of disabled people, decentralized proportional employment (including disabled people who have been employed in various social units before the implementation of proportional employment) and individual employment, as of this year.twelvemoon31The cumulative number of people who have been placed in employment on a daily basis.

This year’s vocational skills training for disabled people Refers to the number of persons with disabilities who are employable but not employed, need to change their occupations and have been employed and need to improve their technical level. (including pre-employment training, pre-job training, job transfer training and on-the-job training, etc.)

Accumulated unemployment of urban disabled persons Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The actual cumulative number of people with disabilities in cities and towns who have employment requirements and employment ability but have not arranged employment (men of employment age)16－forty-nineYears old; woman16－forty-fourYears old)

Cumulative employment in rural areas Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Disabled people in rural areas (agricultural registered permanent residence) are engaged in all kinds of productive labor, including planting, aquaculture, cottage industry and the total number of disabled people in various types of enterprises, services, businesses and individual businesses.

Accumulated stable employment in rural areas Refers to the cumulative number of disabled people with a relatively fixed income and a relatively stable life in the "cumulative employment in rural areas".

Practical technical training this year Refers to the number of disabled employment service agencies, organizations and schools with the help of social forces in this year, and various agricultural technical trainings for rural disabled people such as "planting, raising and adding".

Cumulative unemployment of disabled people in rural areas Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The cumulative number of disabled people in rural areas who hold the local official agricultural registered permanent residence and have participated in the labor demand but have not engaged in the occupation described in the "Cumulative Employment in Rural Areas" (the employment age is16Age and16Years old or older. It does not include disabled people who cannot support productive labor due to lack of working conditions and can only solve food and clothing through social relief).

Poor disabled people Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Number of rural poor disabled people living below the local poverty line.

Can support poor disabled people Refers to the number of poor disabled people who are suitable to participate in productive labor.

Cities and towns have been included in the minimum living guarantee. Refers to the disabled with urban hukou, and the per capita income of family members is lower than the local minimum living standard for urban residents, which has been included in the minimum living guarantee.

Centralized support Refers to the number of disabled people in cities and towns who meet the conditions of five guarantees and are supported by social welfare institutions such as social welfare homes.

Temporary relief Refers to the number of disabled people who have urban hukou, have temporary difficulties due to unexpected accidents, affect their basic life, and enjoy funds and in-kind assistance donated by the government or society from time to time.

Rural areas have been included in the minimum living security. Refers to the number of persons with disabilities in agricultural registered permanent residence, whose per capita income of family members is lower than the local minimum living standard in rural areas and has been included in the minimum living guarantee.

Five guarantees Refers to the number of disabled people who are unable to legally support their obligations in rural areas, or who have legal support obligations but have no ability to support, have no ability to work and have no source of income, and receive life care and material help in food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial.

Temporary relief Refers to the number of disabled people who have agricultural registered permanent residence, have temporary difficulties due to unexpected accidents, affect their basic life, and enjoy funds and in-kind assistance donated by the government or society irregularly.

Regular subsidy Finger continuitysixNumber of persons with disabilities who enjoy temporary relief for more than one month and are given regular and quantitative financial subsidies by the government.

specific grant Refers to the number of disabled persons who have been subsidized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation by setting up special subsidies and other measures in addition to implementing various safeguard measures.

Provincial, city (prefecture) level audio books library (room) It refers to the actual number of audio-visual books libraries and rooms for the blind that have been opened or opened in introspection, city (prefecture) level public libraries (rooms) and disabled people’s activity facilities this year.

Provincial, city (prefecture) level sports venues It refers to the number of sports venues for the disabled determined by signing agreements or listing in public stadiums at the introspection and city (prefecture) levels this year.

Develop rehabilitation and fitness programs for the disabled. Refers to the number of rehabilitation and fitness programs suitable for disabled people developed by provincial disabled persons’ federations this year.

Provincial and municipal sports competitions for the disabled. Refers to the provincial (including cities specifically designated in the state plan) and city (prefecture) level sports commission, the Disabled Persons’ Federation and the Sports Association’s provincial and city (prefecture) level disabled games (tryouts) in this year.

NPC law enforcement inspection Refers to the number of times that people’s congresses at the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels inspected the implementation of the law on the protection of the disabled and its implementation methods and provisions on helping the disabled this year.

CPPCC inspection or special investigation Refers to the number of inspections or special investigations on the implementation of the law on the protection of the disabled and its implementation methods and the provisions on helping the disabled by the CPPCC at the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels this year.

Special inspection by the government and relevant administrative functional units Refers to the number of times that the provincial (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city), county (city, district) governments and relevant administrative departments conducted special inspections on the implementation of the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons and its implementation measures and provisions on assisting disabled persons this year.

Disabled legal aid (service) center Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the cumulative number of legal aid centers for the disabled or branches (stations) of legal aid centers for the disabled, which are jointly organized by judicial administrative departments at the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels and disabled persons’ federations at the same level or run by disabled persons’ federations and approved by judicial administrative departments at the same level.

Persons with disabilities receive legal aid and services. It refers to the number of people who provide legal aid and services to the disabled in this year, such as law firms designated or entrusted by the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), city (prefecture) and county (city, district) level Disabled Persons’ Federation, legal aid (service) centers (sub-centers) for the disabled or the work department (station) of the legal aid center.

Investigate and deal with major cases that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the disabled. Refers to the cases concluded or handled within this year with one of the following conditions, which are directly involved (including cooperation with relevant departments) by the provincial and municipal disabled persons’ federations and disabled persons’ federations established or entrusted by them:

1. According to the local economic development level, the amount of the subject matter of the case is relatively large;

Two, the local major media reported the case;

Three, at or above the provincial level, the main leaders at or above the prefecture level have given instructions for handling;

4. The rights and interests of group disabled persons are infringed.

Provincial rights protection hotline Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31sun, the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) Disabled Persons’ Federation in the organ rights department (office), the petition department, the legal aid (service) center for the disabled set up the hotline (number).

Laws and regulations on the construction of barrier-free facilities and government orders Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The local laws and regulations promulgated and implemented by the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) level people’s congress or the government on June, aimed at promoting the construction and management of barrier-free facilities in this region.

Carry out the construction of barrier-free facilities in cities, counties and districts Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the cumulative number of cities, counties and districts that have been jointly determined by provincial disabled persons’ federations and construction departments at the same level to carry out barrier-free facilities construction according to the outline of the tenth five-year plan and the eleventh five-year plan for the disabled in China and its supporting implementation plan.

Group visit of motor vehicles point tofiveVisits by groups of more than one person on motor vehicle transportation and motor vehicle operation.

Number of disabled persons’ federations to be built Subject to local administrative divisions.

Projects that have been put into use Refers to the comprehensive service facilities that have been completed and accepted and carried out for the disabled. Among them, "new projects put into use this year" refers to the projects in this year.onemoononeDay to this yeartwelvemoon31New facilities put into use between Japan and Japan.

Accumulated projects that have been put into use Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31All facilities that have been put into use.

Construction land area Refers to the total area of land occupied by the planned comprehensive service facilities.

scale of construction Refers to the construction area of the built comprehensive service facilities.

total investment　 For "projects that have been put into use", it refers to the actual amount of funds invested at the time of completion and settlement; For "projects under construction" and "projects under preparation", it refers to the total estimated amount for the construction of comprehensive service facilities for the disabled.

　

Public management and social organization

　

The people’s procuratorate directly files a case for investigation. Refers to the crime of corruption and bribery, the crime of dereliction of duty and infringement, the crime of infringing citizens’ personal rights and democratic rights committed by the staff of state organs by taking advantage of their functions and powers, and other major criminal cases committed by the staff of state organs by taking advantage of their functions and powers after the provincial people’s procuratorate decides to put on record for investigation.

Accept a case Refers to the newly accepted cases this year.

register It refers to the litigation activities in which the people’s procuratorate considers that there is a duty crime after a preliminary investigation of the accepted case, and should be investigated for criminal responsibility, and decides to investigate it as a criminal case, which is the beginning of investigating the crime. This indicator mainly reflects the litigation activities of the people’s procuratorate to investigate the clues of duty crimes as criminal cases according to law.

wind up/close/conclude a case Refers to the end of the investigation procedure.

Major case Refers to cases of corruption and bribery involving more than 50,000 yuan, misappropriation of public funds involving more than 100,000 yuan, and cases identified in accordance with the Standards of People’s Procuratorate for Directly Accepting Serious Cases of Dereliction of Duty and Infringement (Trial). This index mainly reflects the cases with great economic losses and serious social harm among the duty crime cases investigated by the people’s procuratorate.

key criminal case Refers to crimes committed by cadres at or above the county level. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that cadres at or above the county level are placed on file for investigation by the people’s procuratorate according to law in duty crime cases.

approve an arrest It means that the people’s procuratorate examines the criminal suspects arrested by the public security, state security organs and prison management organs, and makes a decision to arrest according to the facts. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that the people’s procuratorate makes a decision to approve the arrest according to law after examining the criminal suspect who has been arrested.

Decide to arrest Refers to the arrest decision made by the people’s procuratorate in accordance with the law when it deems it necessary to arrest the criminal suspect in a case directly put on file for investigation. This indicator mainly reflects the people’s procuratorate’s exercise of the right to decide on arrest in cases directly accepted.

to prosecute Refers to the people’s procuratorate to the public security, state security organs, prison management organs and procuratorial organs investigation department to review the case, according to the facts, make a public prosecution case. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that people’s procuratorates have prosecuted various criminal cases in people’s courts.

criminal case Refers to cases investigated by public security organs, state security organs and prison management organs in accordance with the provisions of jurisdiction.

Apply summary procedure Refers to the people’s court may be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance, and a single fine. The facts are clear and the evidence is sufficient, and the people’s procuratorate suggests or agrees to apply summary procedures; Cases handled only after telling; A minor criminal case prosecuted by the victim with evidence.

first trial Refers to the first instance procedure of public prosecution cases.

review Refers to a case retried by the people’s court in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision.

Lodge a protest Refers to the litigation activities in which the people’s procuratorate considers that the judgment or ruling of the people’s court is really wrong and proposes to the people’s court to retry the case. Including protests in accordance with the procedure of second instance and protests in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision (retrial procedure).

Withdraw the protest Refers to the protest filed by the people’s procuratorate at a higher level against the people’s procuratorate at a lower level in accordance with the procedure of second instance. After examination, it is considered that the protest is inappropriate and the protest is withdrawn to the people’s court at the same level, and the people’s procuratorate at a lower level who lodged the protest is notified at the same time.

register Refers to the decision to file a case for review.

Draw a protest Refers to the case that the people’s procuratorate at the same level refers to the case that our hospital has the right to lodge a protest to the people’s procuratorate at a lower level, and the people’s procuratorate at a lower level considers that it should lodge a protest and suggests that the people’s procuratorate at a higher level lodge a protest.

protest Refers to the case protested by the people’s procuratorate at the corresponding level.

Withdraw the protest Refers to the case that the people’s procuratorate that made the protest decision found that the protest was improper, or withdrew the protest from the people’s court after receiving the decision of the people’s procuratorate at a higher level to cancel the protest.

Filing supervision Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the criminal filing activities of the investigation organs. Including the supervision of filing a case without filing a case and the supervision of filing a case without filing a case.

Supervise the filing of cases It includes two contents: the investigation organ takes the initiative to file a case after receiving the request to explain the reasons for not filing a case and the execution notice to file a case.

Supervise the withdrawal of the case Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the investigation organ’s filing of a case when it should not be filed.

Regulatory activities Refers to the supervision of the management activities of prisons and other places of supervision and reform.

“Holiday reduction insurance" Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the illegal situation in the commutation, parole and medical parole of criminals.

accept and hear a case Refers to the situation in which the people’s procuratorate accepts the complaint. Including letters and visits.

File a case for review Refers to the people’s procuratorate after accepting the appeal, after examination and decision to file a case for review.

wind up/close/conclude a case Refers to the case with the result of filing a case for review.

First report Refers to the unit or individual who reports the suspected corruption and bribery crimes of state functionaries by letter or visit, and the suspected dereliction of duty and infringement crimes of state functionaries. Does not include the number of repeated reports.

First accusation Refers to the unit or individual since the letter, visit form to report national staff illegal or suspected of criminal offences. Does not include the number of repeated charges.

First appeal Complaints in the form of letters and visits that refuse to accept the decision of the people’s procuratorate or the judgment or ruling of the people’s court. Does not include repeated complaints.

Send it to the procuratorate Refers to the people’s procuratorate to accept the report, complaint and appeal cases, after examination, according to different situations, or directly handled by the complaint department, or transferred to the relevant business departments of our hospital, or transferred to other people’s procuratorates.

Jinguo Wenminggang Refers to the creation of "Women’s Civilization Post", which is to meet the needs of the socialist market economy and serve the overall situation of national reform, development and stability, and is organized by the All-China Women’s Federation.24Several ministries and commissions initiated and launched a mass spiritual civilization creation activity aimed at encouraging women to strive for excellence, make contributions to their posts and become talents.

Wuhao civilized family It refers to "patriotism and law-abiding, enthusiasm for public welfare", "learning and enterprising, loving their posts and being dedicated to their work", "equality between men and women, respecting the old and loving the young", "changing customs, having fewer children and being good", "managing the family diligently and protecting the environment", and the selection conditions are the best among the best.

Number of parent schools of various types In order to further promote the healthy development of family education, spread the advanced concepts of family education, and help parents master the scientific knowledge and teaching methods of family education, according to the requirements of parents of children of different ages and parents of children with special needs, the number of various types of parent schools and the number of broadcast parent schools run on radio and television. These schools have played a very good role in improving the quality of parents and the level of family education. The school is required to have institutions, fixed venues and teachers, teaching materials, assessment, annual work plans and complete files.

Chunlei primary school Refers to schools built or rebuilt with donations from China Children’s and Teenagers’ Fund, including schools built with donations from women’s federations at all levels.

Mother water cellar Refers to the water cellar built by the China Women’s Development Foundation to help mothers and children in the arid areas of western China solve the drinking water problem and raise funds from all walks of life.

Mother health express It refers to the medical ambulance undertaken by the China Women’s Development Foundation and donated by all sectors of society to help women and children in poverty-stricken areas in the west solve the problem of medical treatment.

　　Near the end of the year, many real estate projects started more discount promotion activities in order to withdraw funds as soon as possible, which triggered the dissatisfaction of some pre-purchase owners.

　　In this regard, the relevant government departments in different cities have given completely different responses, which are basically divided into two factions — —

　　Some government departments have recently stated that they will not interfere with the independent price adjustment of real estate, and some government departments in some cities still say that they will talk to real estate enterprises to avoid their price reduction behavior disrupting market order.

　　In fact, from the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023, under the downward pressure of the property market, many real estate enterprises have tried to promote sales through price reduction, while many local governments will stabilize market prices through a paper "limit order".

　　An obvious change now is that the local government’s restrictions on the price reduction of new houses are being liberalized. Some experts told CBN that the "limit order" in some places has long been unbearable. In order to clear the warehouse and withdraw funds, housing enterprises will operate various names to secretly reduce prices and avoid the "limit order". The gradual cancellation of the "limit order" will help the market restore liquidity to a certain extent.

　　Two options

　　In the past month, new commercial housing in several hot cities began a new round of price reduction, which caused some owners’ dissatisfaction and complaints.

　　The First Financial Reporter saw at the "Hanshan Wenzhong" forum hosted by the Suzhou Municipal Government that some netizens complained recently that the price reduction rate of Poly Yunshang Streamer Project in Xiangcheng District of Suzhou was originally 20% off, and then it was directly reduced to 75% off, and the total price dropped from more than 2.2 million to 2.1 million yuan. "In less than two months, the price was reduced by 100,000 to 200,000 yuan." The netizen also questioned that there is such a large price reduction in the short term of the auction property, which may affect the delivery quality behind it.

　　Regarding this complaint, the Eighth Branch of Suzhou Xiangcheng District Market Supervision Administration responded: "The simple discount promotion behavior does not violate the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law."

　　On the "Leadership Message Board" forum hosted by People’s Daily Online, there are many similar complaints.

　　Some netizens in Huizhou, Guangdong Province said on the "Leadership Message Board": "The developers of new houses in Daya Bay maliciously cut prices, and the market is completely chaotic, which will only be more unsalable." The netizen said that in the past, the price limit of new houses in Daya Bay should not exceed 10% on the basis of the filing price, and the discount on group purchase price should not be lower than 20%. However, many properties engaged in price competition, and the market showed a discount of 30% or even lower. "When the old owner bought a house, the interest rate was ridiculously high. The total interest was several hundred thousand yuan more than what he bought now. There was nowhere to complain, and the house had not been closed, and the house price lost several hundred thousand."

　　Regarding this netizen’s complaint, the Housing Management Bureau of Huizhou Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone replied in November this year: "The problem of price reduction sales is a matter of independent market adjustment, which is determined by developers and enterprises according to the influence of market factors. Regarding preferential compensation and refund for check-out, we suggest that you can negotiate with the development enterprise according to the agreement signed by both parties. If negotiation fails, you can safeguard your legitimate rights and interests through legal channels. "

　　Judging from the above response, the attitude of the relevant departments in Xiangcheng District of Suzhou and Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone of Huizhou is "returning the market to the market", and the government departments no longer interfere too much in the pricing of new houses.

　　However, other local government departments have different responses.

　　For example, on November 11th this year, a property buyer in Jiaxing, Zhejiang complained on People’s Daily Online’s "Leadership Message Board" that the local outstanding Xiuchen Huafu had drastically reduced its price, and the developer used the name of "Double Eleven" to significantly reduce the price and promote sales, and gave the buyer a huge discount of 200,000 yuan in cash by using internal employees to purchase their own houses and work to arrive at the house, which "seriously disrupted the new house market and harmed the interests of early buyers".

　　The Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing responded to this netizen, saying: Regarding this situation, our bureau has conducted an interview with the local government on the development enterprise, asking the enterprise to avoid the behavior that seriously disrupts the new house sales market, and at the same time, our bureau will further strengthen the quality and fund supervision of the project to ensure the normal project.

　　On November 22nd and 24th this year, many Chengdu residents reported on the online mass work platform in Sichuan Province that the price of the Poly COFCO Huguang Jinyun Project in the East New District of Chengdu was "maliciously reduced to disrupt the market", and the licensed price of the project was 15,000-17,000 yuan/square meter, but it was later sold at an average price of 9,000 yuan/square meter, with a drop of more than 40%.

　　The Management Committee of Chengdu East New District immediately responded that the Public Service Bureau of the district had verified the situation. The Huguang Jinyun project was suspected of disturbing the normal order of the real estate market due to excessive price fluctuations, and it was temporarily unable to apply for online signing and filing.

　　More than 20 cities have issued "limit orders"

　　Some cities began to relax the "limit" requirement for new houses, which is a new trend recently.

　　From the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023, under the downward pressure of the property market, many properties tried to promote sales through price reduction, but they waited for a "limit order" from the local government.

　　According to incomplete statistics, at least 22 cities (or districts) including Heze, Shandong, Yueyang, Hunan, Kunming, Hebei, Tangshan, Shenyang, Liaoning, Jiangyin, Jiangsu and Zhuzhou, Hunan have issued relevant regulations, requiring new commercial housing not to be sold at a reduced price at will.

　　For example, in June 2022, many departments of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone in Fujian jointly issued the Notice on Further Standardizing the Order of Commercial Housing Sales Market in the Experimental Zone, which mentioned that when selling commercial housing, the actual sales price of real estate development enterprises should not exceed 15% of the filing price, and if it exceeds the prescribed range, it will not be filed for online signing.

　　In other cities, the limit of decline is even less, only 5% lower than the filing price. At the end of March, 2023, the Hefei Municipal People’s Government replied to the buyers in the "Leadership Message Board", saying: According to the Price Law, the Notice on Forwarding the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisions on Clearly Marking the Price of Commercial Housing in Anhui Province, and the General Office of Hefei Municipal Government’s Opinions on Further Promoting the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market in Hefei, the price of commercial housing is regulated by the market, and the government price management department does not directly approve the price of commercial housing. Enterprises in accordance with the "one room, one price" for the record, according to the record price for publicity and external sales. The downward range of the actual sales price of commercial housing shall not exceed 5% of the filing price. If it exceeds 5%, it is necessary to re-apply for price change procedures through the "house price online filing system".

　　At that time, the Development and Reform Commission of Feixi County, Hefei ordered the company to suspend the sale at a reduced price, and it must re-apply for price change procedures before it can be listed for sale.

　　Suzhou, which has recently led the new trend of "relaxing the price limit of new houses", was punished for reducing the price of real estate just over half a year ago, which once triggered a heated discussion.

　　In May this year, two properties in Kunshan, Suzhou — — Mengzhiyue Garden Project and Shangbin Garden Project were punished by local government departments in Kunshan for "selling at a large price without authorization". The two projects were required to be rectified immediately, and the online sign was temporarily closed. "Bad behavior" was recorded in the annual credit file.

　　Expert: canceling the "limit order" is conducive to market liquidity.

　　“‘ Limit the decline ’ Or ‘ Insured price ’ This is a difficult multi-party game. " A senior person from a large real estate company in East China told the First Financial Reporter.

　　The source said that many real estate developers who have worked for a long time have experienced the cycle of real estate price increase. At that time, it was easy to sell houses, and customers would come to the door themselves. The marketing department also had to introduce various rules to screen customers. He believes that the real estate project will eventually come to the step of drastically reducing prices and promoting sales, which is bound to be a helpless move. "The project may have faced long-term unsalable sales, or the group may have difficulties in funds, and issued instructions to quickly destock and withdraw funds. This is the market difference and the effect of the superposition of problems in the capital chain of housing enterprises."

　　"Generally speaking, in a region, several projects on sale at the same time are competing products. In this market environment, it is possible for the first to cut prices to run first, attracting customers who are interested in buying houses in the region, and the remaining projects are very difficult to do. There is basically no market with no price reduction. If you follow the trend of price reduction, the market atmosphere will be worse and a vicious circle will occur." He said.

　　For some places, the price reduction of housing enterprises is no longer restricted. He believes that in the past, most local governments had the idea of "stabilizing housing prices and stabilizing land prices", so they will control the price of new houses to remain stable. However, if the "limit order" has been implemented for a long time, the market has not improved, and local governments will consider handing over prices to the market for regulation.

　　Regarding the relaxation of the price limit of new houses, a salesperson of a first-tier real estate enterprise in Suzhou told reporters: "The first ones that drastically cut prices are the ones that are just needed. Customers are very sensitive to prices, and the price reduction strategy is more effective for them. However, for improved real estate, the price is difficult to drop, and price reduction means lowering the standard, so the situation of quality real estate in this environment is rather embarrassing. "

　　The source said that as far as she knows, some housing enterprises are facing serious capital turnover problems by the end of the year, and there is no better way to inform subsidiaries to clear their positions and withdraw funds as soon as possible.

　　Lu Wenxi, a senior analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, believes that although many places have issued "limit orders" in the past, after a long time, everyone found that "limit orders" could not really control the price reduction behavior of housing enterprises. "For example, some local governments stipulate that the discount rate of real estate should not exceed 15% of the filing price. Although real estate enterprises claim not to discount in actual operation, there are many other names, such as sending property management fees for several years, sending parking spaces, and even sending gold and cash to real estate enterprises. In fact, the limit order has already been ‘ In name only ’ 。”

　　For many homeowners who have complained about the sharp price cuts of real estate enterprises, Lu Wenxi believes that buyers need to have the spirit of contract and be responsible for their own investment behavior.

　　"After buying a house, the owner found that the house price has fallen and asked the government not to let the developer reduce the price. This request is unreasonable. The local government’s protection of the rights and interests of buyers should be reflected in urging housing enterprises to ensure that the houses are delivered on time and in good quality, instead of going to ceiling price. " Lu Wenxi told the First Financial Reporter.

　　He believes that many local governments have liberalized the price of new houses in order to maintain the liquidity of the real estate market. "If we blindly limit the price reduction of real estate enterprises, the market will be completely illiquid and completely frozen, but it will bring more problems and contradictions. Therefore, at this stage, we should let the market play its price adjustment mechanism and let the transaction volume climb up, so that the real estate sales end can recover."

　　Recently, Vice President Han Zheng, Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Pan Gongsheng, Governor of the People’s Bank of China and Director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, met with Paulson, former US Treasury Secretary and chairman of the Paulson Foundation, respectively, demonstrating China’s sincerity in improving Sino-US relations. Washington should reduce provocation, take measures and respond positively to the goodwill released by Beijing.

　　It is in the common interest of both sides to stabilize Sino-US relations. China and the United States are seeking cooperation in areas where there is no direct conflict of interest, such as climate change, and strengthening communication when they cannot be decoupled from each other. Climate change is one of the areas where the two sides can maintain exchanges at present, so that the relationship between the two countries can withstand the test of the dispute storm. However, once a conflict breaks out, all these efforts will be wasted.

　　Therefore, Washington should reduce provocation, take measures, move in the opposite direction with China, and jointly push Sino-US relations back to a healthy and stable track. For example, the United States should cancel the punitive tariffs against China initiated in July 2018 as soon as possible, and remove China enterprises from its list of so-called entities.

　　Regrettably, however, the United States added 11 China enterprises to its export control list on the grounds of "national security" on Monday.

　　It is not in the interests of the two peoples, the expectations of the international community and the development trend of the times for Sino-US relations to fall into a trough. China’s policy toward the United States is stable and continuous. It is hoped that the US policy toward China will return to a rational and pragmatic track, take concrete actions, lengthen the positive list and narrow the negative list, and work with China to explore ways for the two great powers of China and the United States to coexist peacefully.

　　Biden’s government should realize that neither the tariff war initiated by its predecessor nor the list of entities it continues to extend is the right way to handle the relations between the two countries. Both are negative assets for Washington, not strategic assets. It is time for Biden’s administration to eliminate these unreasonable burdens in Sino-US relations.