poster；playbill

Special feature of 1905 film network　Recently, the film "Seventeen Years Old with Pain" was released. The film tells that a troubled girl who suffered from "anodynia" broke up with a gangster "boyfriend" with the help of her classmates and a new young female teacher, fell in love with the schoolmaster, escaped from her rebellious life in the past and successfully fought back. After experiencing the death of grandma, campus fire and other changes, it grew rapidly … …

Xueba crams lessons for the hostess

Do you feel deja vu? Is it very much like a movie in the past?

Let’s take a look at the plot: a girl who is deaf in half of her ear, Li Er, wants to learn bad, and meets the unruly bad girl Li Bala. Li Er likes Xu Yi, Li Bala likes Zhang Yang, and Li Bala pursues Xu Yi at Zhang Yang’s request. Later, Li Bala died suddenly and unfortunately, Xu Yi gradually degenerated, and Li Er and Zhang Yang came together and grew rapidly … …

Lear has a crush on Xu Yi.

If you say that "Left Ear" and "Seventeen Years of Pain" are both written by Rao Xueman, the similarity is normal. Then, let’s take a look at the plot of "Looking at Heaven with Trees in Summer":

Xia Mu, a teenager, suffered from autism until Shu Yawang, a 16-year-old boy with a boyfriend, appeared to help Xia Mu get out of the haze. During her college years, Yawang was sexually assaulted by Qu Weiran, a rich second generation who fell in love with her, and Xia Mu grew up rapidly after making crazy acts in despair … …

Xia Mu rode with Shu Yawang.

The key words of the above story: illness, bad study, love triangle, crime, love in any arrangement and combination. They all have the same formula, the same taste and the same "pain" youth.

"Pain is" youth

This kind of "painful" youth film must first have a protagonist suffering from an innocuous disease, and then there will be plot conflicts due to a love triangle. Finally, due to the crime and death of some characters in the play, the life and thoughts of the protagonist will have an irreversible "arc";

They all aim at the same handsome and beautiful young actors with the same warm and soft light filters, but all of them are stiff in performance, awkward in lines, bloody in plot and rough in details. Even "Seventeen Years Old Who Will Hurt" has not been released yet, and the title of the film has been greatly vomited by netizens: "You will hurt! I have medicine! "

"seventeen years old that will hurt" caused netizens to vomit collectively.

This kind of collective ridicule is only because the "youth" they describe is a false story that is exactly the same, pale and weak, and only exists in imagination. It has nothing to do with the youth that each of us really experiences.

How did the "Pain Department" youth film come from? All this should start with the youth literature that became popular more than ten years ago.

The cover of budding magazine

At that time, the mobile phone was a non-intelligent machine that could only make phone calls and send text messages, and newspapers and magazines still occupied an important position in the media. In order to get short-term entertainment outside textbooks, campus life could only read books and magazines, so youth literature and art occupied the lives of young people.

Dumbphone

Most of the audiences of these youth novels are teenagers in their teens, who are not only ignorant of the social reality, but also ignorant of the life they are experiencing, and shallow cultural products are more likely to be accepted by them.

Youth literature similar to Mary Su’s online novels became popular at first. Later, Jing M.Guo’s and Rao Xueman’s youth literature soon surpassed Mary Su’s because of "exposing scars", "excavating the dark side of growth" and appearing "profound". When "painful youth" is gradually typed, it quickly becomes a commodity for teenagers to consume.

The cover of the most novel

The covers of these youth pain literature are all boys and girls, who "look up at the sky at a 45-degree angle, or look down at the earth with their eyebrows lowered". The sentences written on the inside page are sad and melodramatic, and they can be QQ signatures of crystal girls in minutes. The content of the story is out of line for the sake of being out of line, and it hurts for the sake of pain. In a word: work.

Look up at the sky at a 45-degree angle

"Painful youth" literature and art often adopt extreme cases in campus life in order to make their works get more amazing and more "shocking" reading experience, but the real student life is cut into pieces and simplified to the maximum in the works, and the main aspects of life become elements, while the false youth imagination becomes the main body.

Mr. Lu Xun once said that he didn’t like popular literature and art in the Republic of China, because most of the themes of those works were "beautiful and precious". Getting a few beauties and digging up any treasures are actually satisfying "psychosexuality".

Mr Lu Xun

If "getting beauty and treasure" is an adult’s fantasy, then "painful youth" is a teenager’s fantasy. It successfully captures the young people’s dissatisfaction and agitation with the boring life in reality, leaving exaggerated youth stories to the young people to "fantasize", making empty and pale characters become youth myths in the eyes of boys and girls and heroic dreams against plain life.

When did the "Pain Department" youth film begin? This should start with the release of the film directed by Zhao Weishou. In 2013, "To Youth" won a high box office of 700 million yuan at a low cost. This powerful commercial success is like a shot in the arm to stimulate the film and television industry, and the subsequent "To Youth" series came one after another and became a trend.

Box office winner "To Youth"

Although "To Youth" is full of details (for example, the "civil youth" in the film seems to live the life of a literary youth), it still maintains a certain level of plot, while the subsequent youth series generally carries forward the shortcomings of "To Youth" and has undergone major changes in creative mentality. IP and traffic stars have become the king of the market, the plot has become more absurd, and the audience has become younger and younger.

Fan movie

The environment presented by the work is more and more divorced from reality, and the setting of roles and the relationship between roles are more distorted. In order to increase the capacity of the story in a shorter time, making a movie even allows the protagonist to experience life and death in just a few days. Finally, in order to be able to mass-produce, the plot is the same. After mastering a set of winning routines for youth films, the film industry began mass production of "Pain Department" youth films.

At the beginning, three roommates of the hostess were arranged to die in a car accident

Some people may ask, are all the youth films in China like this?

The answer is no, of course. Perhaps this summer’s youth film is an anomaly in recent years. It embeds the elements of American youth film such as "club", "party", "atrix" and "inspirational" into China’s youth story, weakening the love of boys and girls to be ambiguous and ignorant, and the end result of the story is the pursuit of ideals and the realization of individual values.

"Flash Girl" composed by youth and blood

These outstanding parts may bring some inspiration to the commercial road of Chinese youth films at present.

In fact, there have been many successful youth films in China, such as Jiang Wen, Wang Xiaoshuai, etc. Among them, Sunny Days is also loved by American genius quentin tarantino.

Jiang Wen’s work Sunny Days

These excellent youth films are rooted in the background of the great era, describing the restlessness of a generation of youth, even seeing the big from the small and facing social problems directly. The rapid social changes in China over the past 100 years have made it difficult for Chinese people to have a vacuum youth that can shed social reality. Generation after generation has been involved in the torrent of the times. Even the love in adolescence has the background of the changes of the times.

Wang Xiaoshuai’s works

We criticize "painful youth", but it is paradoxical that those youth films that can be engraved in the film history are often really sad and cruel, such as Sunny Days mentioned above and Japanese director Nagisa ?shima’s youth films in the 1960s. As the Italian writer mauriac said, "Do you think youth is a good thing? Youth is like a swamp in thawing. "

In 1960, the Japanese film "The Story of Youth Cruelty"

Everyone has a different life experience and may have a different understanding of youth. For the post-80s and 90s generation, they are at the peak of birth since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and they have experienced the cruel competition and helplessness of adult society at a carefree age.

Around the college entrance examination

They were separated from their parents by the rapid development of the times, and the two generations experienced conflict, running-in and understanding; Many of them are only children, who grew up under the love and protection of their parents, and entered the society before they were young … … Facing the unbearable weight of collision reality with the unbearable lightness of youth is the collective memory of this generation and the "pain" of youth after 80′ s and 90′ s.

An indifferent father and daughter 2.

Unfortunately, the whole theater, the stage staged absurd stories, the audience broke out with disdain laughter, and the stirring youth of a generation eventually became a commodity for people to entertain, so that the song of youth, which should be romantic and wild, was abandoned in the national entertainment.

In many practical problems, it is often necessary to study the relationship between one interested factor and several other influencing factors. Correlation analysis only describes the strength and direction of the relationship between numerical variables, while regression analysis is a statistical method to describe more accurately how the change of one variable affects other variables through mathematical models. If you useRepresents a variable of real interest,Indicates that others may be related toRelated variables need to be established.andFunctional relationship between. hereIs called a dependent variable or a response variable, andX is called an independent variable or explanatory variable. Regression analysis is the process of establishing this relationship.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 2022, China’s economic and social development was hit by multiple unexpected factors at home and abroad, and the risk challenge was unprecedented. From an international point of view, the changes in the past 100 years are intertwined with the epidemic in the century, the Ukrainian crisis has evolved in a complex way, the risk of stagflation in the world economy has risen, and the unstable and uncertain factors have increased significantly. From the domestic point of view, the epidemic situation has been delayed repeatedly, natural disasters such as high temperature and drought have occurred frequently, and the triple pressures of demand contraction, supply shock and expected weakening have superimposed, making it more difficult to stabilize growth and employment. Facing the stormy international environment and arduous domestic tasks of reform, development and stability, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core unites and leads the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, adheres to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, implements the new development concept completely, accurately and comprehensively, accelerates the construction of a new development pattern, resolutely increases the implementation of macro policies, effectively responds to the impact of unexpected factors, stabilizes the macro-economic market, promotes the steady improvement of development quality, and maintains the overall social harmony and stability. The latest statistical bulletin on national economic and social development in 2022 comprehensively records the process of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country struggling against pressure and vividly shows the new achievements made in socialist modernization.

　　First, economic strength has reached a new level.

　　In 2022, the first quarter started better than expected, and in the early part of the second quarter, due to unexpected factors, the economy once declined. Faced with the difficult situation, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council made decisive decisions, and timely introduced a package of policies and successive measures to stabilize the economy. All localities and departments better coordinated epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, actively promoted the efficiency of fiscal policies, accelerated the implementation of combined tax and fee support policies, adopted a prudent monetary policy with reasonable and sufficient liquidity, and the economic market recovered in the third quarter. In the fourth quarter, although the impact of the epidemic increased again, with the joint efforts of all parties, the overall recovery trend continued. The economy achieved 3.0% growth in the whole year against the pressure, leading the growth rate among the top major economies in the world. The total economic output continued to expand, the development foundation was more solid, and the comprehensive national strength was further enhanced.Breakthrough of economic aggregate120One trillion yuan.In 2022, China’s gross domestic product (GDP) reached 121 trillion yuan, which is a new step after breaking through 100 trillion yuan and 110 trillion yuan in 2020 and 2021. According to the annual average exchange rate, China’s total economic output reached 18 trillion US dollars, ranking second in the world. The per capita GDP was 85,698 yuan, which reached 12,741 dollars at the annual average exchange rate, and remained above 12,000 dollars.The basic position of agriculture has been further consolidated.Compacting the responsibility of grain production, strengthening the policy of supporting agriculture and benefiting farmers, improving the comprehensive agricultural production capacity, and achieving a new high in grain output. In 2022, the annual grain output was 1,373.1 billion Jin, an increase of 0.5% over the previous year, and it remained stable at more than 1.3 trillion Jin for eight consecutive years. The soybean oil production capacity improvement project was solidly promoted. In 2022, the national soybean and oilseed output increased by 23.7% and 1.1% respectively over the previous year. The production of animal husbandry grew steadily, and the output of pork, cattle, sheep and poultry increased by 3.8%.The role of industrial "ballast stone" is prominent.In 2022, the total industrial added value exceeded 40 trillion yuan for the first time; Among them, the added value of manufacturing reached 33.5 trillion yuan, and China continued to maintain its position as the world’s largest manufacturing country.Energy supply has achieved remarkable results.In view of the fluctuation of the international energy market, we will strengthen the domestic coal security and increase oil and gas storage and production, make overall plans to ensure the supply of coal, electricity, oil and gas transportation, effectively cope with the severe challenges such as extreme high temperature and drought in China, and ensure the energy consumption for daily life and production. In 2022, the output of raw coal was 4.56 billion tons, an increase of 10.5% over the previous year; The crude oil output was 204.72 million tons, rising to more than 200 million tons for the first time since 2016; The output of natural gas increased by 6.0%, exceeding 10 billion cubic meters for six consecutive years.Infrastructure construction has been strengthened.By the end of 2022, China’s railway operating mileage reached 155,000 kilometers; Among them, the high-speed rail is 42,000 kilometers, ranking first in the world. Information and communication capabilities have been comprehensively improved. By the end of 2022, the total number of mobile phone base stations reached 10.83 million, including 2.31 million 5G base stations, accounting for over 60% of the world’s total, and the world’s largest and technologically advanced network infrastructure was built.

　　Second, the overall stability of employment prices

　　In 2022, the situation at home and abroad is complicated and severe. Under the impact of the epidemic, enterprises have difficulties in production and operation, and their ability to absorb employment has decreased, and the employment difficulties of migrant workers have increased. At the same time, the number of college graduates has exceeded 10 million, reaching a record high, and the pressure of total employment and structural contradictions are prominent. The shortage of international commodity supply has brought about an increase in imported inflationary pressure, and the challenge of stabilizing employment and prices has increased. All localities and departments have put stable employment and stable prices in a more prominent position, made every effort to help enterprises tide over difficulties, stabilize posts and expand posts, strengthened entrepreneurship to promote employment, increased employment assistance for key groups, provided employment services and comprehensive protection, increased the production of key livelihood commodities and the docking of supply and marketing, strengthened the implementation of market price control mechanism, and made every effort to promote stable supply and prices, thus ensuring the overall stability of employment and price situation.The employment base is generally stable.In 2022, 12.06 million new jobs were created in cities and towns nationwide, exceeding the annual target of 11 million. The unemployment rate in urban surveys has generally declined. Affected by the epidemic situation and other factors, the national urban survey unemployment rate rose to 6.1% in April 2022. With the gradual implementation of measures to stabilize employment, the employment situation generally improved, and the national urban survey unemployment rate decreased to 5.5% at the end of the year. The employment of key groups such as migrant workers has been effectively guaranteed. In 2022, the total number of migrant workers was 295.62 million, an increase of 1.1% over the previous year.Consumer prices rose moderately.While effectively implementing a prudent monetary policy and insisting on not engaging in "flood irrigation" to lay a solid foundation for the stable operation of prices, we will continue to do a good job in stabilizing production and ensuring supply, and adjust reserves in a timely manner to promote the convergence of production, transportation and marketing, thus ensuring the overall stability of market prices. In 2022, the monthly increase of China’s consumer price index (CPI) was always less than 3%, but only increased by 2.0% for the whole year, which was significantly lower than that of developed economies such as the United States (8.0%), the euro zone (8.4%) and the United Kingdom (9.1%), and also significantly lower than that of emerging economies such as India, Brazil and South Africa (6%— With a 10% increase, "China’s price is stable" is in sharp contrast with "global inflation".

　　Third, new kinetic energy continues to grow.

　　In 2022, the competition in the international market will become more intense, and the external pressure on our science and technology field will continue, and the risk of chain breakage and decoupling will increase. China has firmly implemented the strategy of innovation-driven development, solidly promoted innovation and entrepreneurship, deepened the reform of scientific and technological system and mechanism, increased the innovation incentives of enterprises, vigorously stimulated the vitality of innovation, and strengthened key core technology research. The national strategic scientific and technological strength has continued to increase, major scientific and technological achievements have emerged, and new development momentum has continued to grow.Innovation input and output continued to increase.In 2022, the total social research and experimental development funds (R&D) reached 3.1 trillion yuan, exceeding 3 trillion yuan for the first time, increasing by 10.4% over the previous year, and maintaining double-digit growth for seven consecutive years; The ratio of R&D expenditure to GDP was 2.55%, up by 0.12 percentage points. By the end of 2022, the effective number of invention patents in China reached 4.212 million, ranking first in the world. The dominant position of enterprise innovation has been strengthened, and the transformation of innovation achievements has been accelerated. In 2022, the industrialization rate of invention patents of Chinese enterprises was 48.1%, 1.3 percentage points higher than the previous year.The national strategic scientific and technological strength has been accelerated.The construction of the national laboratory system has been solidly promoted, and the construction of international science and technology innovation centers, comprehensive national science centers, national manufacturing innovation centers and regional science and technology innovation centers has been accelerated. Major scientific and technological achievements have come out one after another, which has effectively promoted the development of industrial modernization. In 2022, the "Chang ‘e" lunar exploration, "Tian Wen" fire exploration and Shenzhou series spacecraft took off in relay, the China Space Station was fully built, the first C919 large aircraft was officially delivered, and the third aircraft carrier Fujian ship was launched.New kinetic energy continues to increase.A new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation have accelerated evolution, and emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, big data and blockchain have been widely used, and new industries have grown rapidly. In 2022, the added value of high-tech manufacturing industries above designated size increased by 7.4% over the previous year, and investment in high-tech industries increased by 18.9%; The output of new energy vehicles, solar cells and industrial robots increased by 90.5%, 46.8% and 21.0% respectively. Accelerate the construction of mobile Internet of Things. By the end of 2022, the number of cellular Internet of Things users in China reached 1.845 billion, an increase of 447 million over the end of last year, accounting for 70% of the global total.

　　Fourth, the green and low-carbon transformation has progressed steadily.

　　The construction of ecological civilization is a fundamental plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. In 2022, while actively stabilizing the economic operation, the whole country will firmly implement Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets’s development concept, vigorously promote the construction of beautiful China, jointly promote carbon reduction, pollution reduction, greening and growth, continue to deepen the tough battle of pollution prevention, actively and steadily promote carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions, accelerate the green transformation of development mode, continuously optimize the ecological environment, and accelerate the formation of green and low-carbon production and lifestyle.Energy conservation, consumption reduction and emission reduction have been steadily advanced.In 2022, the national energy consumption per 10,000 yuan GDP decreased by 0.1% compared with the previous year, and the carbon dioxide emissions per 10,000 yuan GDP decreased by 0.8%. The low-carbon transformation of energy continued to deepen, the production of clean energy increased rapidly, and the proportion of non-fossil energy consumption continued to increase. In 2022, the power generation of clean energy such as hydropower, nuclear power, wind power and solar power generation increased by 8.5% over the previous year; Non-fossil energy consumption accounted for 17.5% of the total energy consumption, an increase of 0.8 percentage points.The effectiveness of pollution control continues to show.In-depth efforts have been made to defend the blue sky, clear water and pure land, and the quality of the ecological environment has been continuously improved. Urban air quality has generally improved. In 2022, the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in 339 cities at prefecture level and above decreased by 3.3% compared with the previous year. The surface water environment continued to improve. Among the surface water assessment sections in 3641 countries, the proportion of sections with excellent water quality (I-III) was 87.9%, up by 3.0 percentage points.The ecological security barrier continued to be consolidated.Adhere to the systematic management of grass and sand in landscapes, forests, fields and lakes, strengthen the protection and restoration of ecosystems, promote large-scale land greening actions, and improve the natural ecosystem as a whole. In 2022, the afforestation area was 3.83 million hectares, including 1.2 million hectares of artificial afforestation; The improved area of planting grass is 3.21 million hectares, and the new area of soil erosion control is 63,000 square kilometers.

　　V. High-level opening-up continues to expand.

　　In 2022, the recovery of the world economy slowed down, the volatility of global financial markets increased, unilateralism and protectionism warmed up, and the uncertainty faced by the development of foreign trade and economic cooperation increased significantly. China insists on coordinating the two overall situations at home and abroad, makes great efforts to build a new development pattern, firmly upholds and practices multilateralism, speeds up the creation of a new open economic system at a higher level, actively promotes institutional opening, continuously improves the level of liberalization and facilitation of trade and investment, makes great efforts to promote the stable scale and excellent structure of foreign trade, makes greater efforts to attract and utilize foreign capital, solidly promotes the high-quality development of the "Belt and Road", continuously expands the space for foreign trade and economic cooperation, and continuously increases foreign trade and foreign capital, demonstrating the economic resilience and strong international competitiveness of big countries.Trade in goods reached a new high.In 2022, the total import and export volume of goods exceeded 40 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching 42.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.7% over the previous year, achieving a new breakthrough on a high base. Trade in services has grown steadily. In 2022, the total import and export of services increased by 12.9% over the previous year; Among them, the import and export of knowledge-intensive services increased by 7.8%. The potential of cross-border e-commerce has been accelerated. In 2022, China’s cross-border e-commerce import and export was 2.1 trillion yuan, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year.Use foreign capital to grow against the trend.Market-oriented and legalized international business environment has been accelerated, and China has continued to become a hot spot for global investment. In 2022, the actual use of foreign capital in China increased by 6.3% compared with the previous year according to the comparable diameter, and the scale of attracting foreign investment reached a new high. The use of foreign capital in high-tech industries increased rapidly. In 2022, the actual use of foreign capital in high-tech industries increased by 28.3% over the previous year, accounting for 36.1% of the total use of foreign capital, an increase of 7.1 percentage points over the previous year.The effectiveness of building the "Belt and Road" with high quality has emerged.China’s economic and trade exchanges with countries along the "Belt and Road" have become increasingly close. In 2022, China’s import and export volume to countries along the Belt and Road reached a record high, reaching 13.8 trillion yuan, an increase of 19.4% over the previous year; The non-financial direct investment of Chinese enterprises in countries along the Belt and Road increased by 7.7%. In 2022, the number of trains in China and Europe totaled 16,000, an increase of 9% over the previous year; The trains in the new land and sea passage in the west sent a total of 756,000 TEUs, an increase of 18.5%.New progress has been made in the construction of the free trade zone.High-quality implementation of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (RCEP) to promote regional integration and cooperation. In 2022, China’s import and export volume and non-financial direct investment to RCEP trading partners increased by 7.5% and 18.9% respectively over the previous year, and its direct investment increased by 23.1%. The level of trade liberalization and facilitation continued to improve, and the demonstration and driving role of the open highland in the Pilot Free Trade Zone was highlighted. In 2022, the import and export volume of 21 free trade pilot zones in China increased by 14.5% over the previous year; The import and export volume of goods in Hainan Free Trade Port exceeded 200 billion yuan, an increase of 36.8%.

　　Sixth, people’s livelihood and well-being continued to improve.

　　Enhancing people’s livelihood and satisfying people’s yearning for a better life is the fundamental purpose of development. In 2022, the epidemic will have a great impact on residents’ employment, income and life, and the problems of people in education, medical care and other fields will increase, and the pressure on basic people’s livelihood security will increase significantly. All localities and departments have thoroughly implemented the people-centered development thought, focused on people’s concerns, tried every means to increase residents’ income, continuously improved the quality of education, strengthened the medical and health service guarantee, strengthened the function of social security, improved the level of public services, made new progress in the development of people’s livelihood, continuously improved people’s lives, and enhanced people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security.Residents’ income growth is basically synchronized with economic growth.In 2022, the per capita disposable income of the national residents increased by 2.9% over the previous year, which was basically in step with economic growth. The achievements of poverty alleviation have been consolidated and expanded. In 2022, the per capita disposable income of rural residents in poverty-stricken counties actually increased by 5.4%, faster than the income growth rate of rural residents nationwide.Ensure that the basic bottom line is solid and strong.Social insurance coverage continued to expand. By the end of 2022, the number of people participating in basic pension, unemployment and work-related injury insurance in China increased by 24.3 million, 8.49 million and 8.25 million respectively. The work of expanding the minimum living allowance and increasing efficiency was solidly promoted, and social assistance was intensified. By the end of 2022, there were 6.83 million people in urban and 33.49 million people in rural areas, and 10.83 million people received temporary assistance in the whole year. The per capita income of social assistance and subsidies in China increased by 3.8% over the previous year.Social undertakings have made all-round progress.The popularity of education has steadily increased. In 2022, the consolidation rate of nine-year compulsory education and the gross enrollment rate of high school will increase to 95.5% and 91.6% respectively. The medical and health forces continued to strengthen. By the end of 2022, there were 1.033 million medical and health institutions and 11.55 million health technicians in China. The construction of public cultural service system has been solidly promoted. By the end of 2022, there were 3,503 cultural centers and 3,303 public libraries in China. The comprehensive population coverage rate of TV programs is 99.8%.

　　Through the wind and frost, the ambition is stronger and the new journey of forging ahead is much more magnificent. In 2022, China’s economic and social development withstood the pressure, went through an extraordinary course, and its economic strength, comprehensive national strength and people’s living standards continued to improve, writing a new chapter in Chinese modernization. These achievements are the result of the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, and the United struggle of the whole party and people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. Practice has once again proved that as long as the Party and the people stand together, want to be together and work together, no difficulty can stop the sonorous pace of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Walking in the surging spring tide, although the external environment is becoming more complicated, severe and uncertain, the triple pressures of shrinking domestic demand, supply shock and expected weakening are still relatively large, and the foundation for recovery is still not solid, but the characteristics of China’s economy with strong resilience, great potential and full vitality have not changed, the fundamentals for long-term improvement have not changed, and the factors supporting high-quality development have not changed. We have the foundation, confidence and ability to resist various risk challenges and strive for the realization of the second century. Let us unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, adhere to the guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, comprehensively implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress and the arrangements of the Central Economic Work Conference, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, promote high-quality development, and strive for new glories without thinking in vain.Make a good start for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　CCTV News: Li Bin, male, born in May, 1950, Han nationality, party member of CPC, section chief of Shanghai Electric Hydraulic Pneumatic Co., Ltd.

　　Li Bin has successively completed 55 new product development projects, 201 process research projects, more than 1,500 NC machining process programming projects, directly created economic benefits of more than 8.3 million yuan, designed 184 cutters, and made 82 pairs of self-made improved fixtures and fixtures, which saved high costs for enterprises and won many patents.

　　Honors won: second prize of national scientific and technological progress, four consecutive national model workers, Chinese skill award, top ten national models of high-skilled talents, Shanghai Mayor’s quality award, and the first Shanghai craftsman.

　　I. Resume

　　Li Bin, male, born in 1960, graduated from technical school in 1980 and entered Shanghai Hydraulic Pump Factory as a junior worker. In order to better contribute to the development of the enterprise, he aims at the continuous charging of demand, what is missing in the post, what he studies, and what the enterprise needs, he will make up. Through self-study, he completed his high school studies. After three years of spare-time study, he obtained a junior college degree in mechanical engineering from Shanghai TV University. In the summer of 1998, Li Bin obtained a bachelor’s degree in mechanical and electronic engineering from shanghai second polytechnic university, and obtained a bachelor’s certificate and a bachelor’s degree.

　　Li Bin is now the section chief of the CNC workshop of Shanghai Electric Hydraulic Pneumatic Co., Ltd., a senior engineer, a senior technician, a chief technician of Shanghai Electric (Group) Corporation, and one of the most influential labor models since the founding of New China. He has won the first top ten workers’ inventors in Shanghai, outstanding professional and technical talents in Shanghai, Chinese Skills Award, national knowledge worker model, national top ten high-skilled talents model, and enjoyed the special allowance of the State Council experts; In 2011, he won the first prize of national model individual and expert in technological innovation of machinery industry workers and outstanding technological innovation achievements of Shanghai workers; In 2013, he was recognized as the chief gold medal worker of the national mechanical metallurgy building materials system. Li Bin is a representative of the 11th, 12th and 13th National People’s Congress and the 16th, 17th and 19th National People’s Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC). Delegate to the 13th, 14th, 15th and 16th National Congresses of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions. Shanghai Electric Group established the first school named after ordinary workers in China — — Shanghai Electric Li Bin Technician College. Under the background of "innovation-driven, transformational development", Li Bin used his actions to change the status quo that China’s hydraulic technology is still at a low level in the world, and the basic parts of high-end construction machinery and equipment are completely dependent on imports.

　　Second, the work performance

　　1. Personal moral integrity

　　A tree is a painting, and a forest is a landscape. Li Bin always believes that no matter how great one’s personal skills are, it is only a single strength. Only by cultivating and bringing out more "smart workers" can we effectively promote enterprise development and social development.

　　Through Li Bin Studio as the carrier, Li Bin trained and trained a group of technical backbones who love the enterprise, love their jobs, have dedication, can study hard and work hard. Through the training of key projects, many studio members have made outstanding achievements in their jobs.

　　2. Excellent professional ability

　　Since 2012, Li Bin has led the members of the studio and made many breakthroughs in the localization project of A6V variable motor:

　　2.1 A6V series of new product development projects

　　The project has completed seven series, including A6V28, A6V55, A6V80, A6V107, A6V160, A6V200 and A6V250, including new product development and small batch production, and the performance of the products has basically reached the level of similar products of Rexroth.

　　2.2 A6V series cylinder measurement key project

　　According to the characteristics of NC machine tool processing and the measuring principle of three-coordinate measuring instrument, a set of simple and practical coaxiality measuring die is designed.

　　This measurement method is simple and reliable. Now this spherical measuring mold has been manufactured and put into use. The coaxiality between the axis of the seven holes in the cylinder body and the spherical surface can be controlled within 0.02 mm. The quality of the cylinder body is greatly improved.

　　2.3 Manufacturing Project of Assembly Line of Inclined Shaft Piston Pump

　　Through the analysis of the upper and lower stations and fixture positioning, the project organized the improvement of the assembly line. After the trial assembly of the products, the assembly line was gradually improved, which achieved obvious improvement effects: through the active participation and cooperation of various departments, the design and manufacture of the assembly line of the inclined shaft piston pump were completed, and the quality and efficiency of production were greatly improved.

　　2.4 Design and application of casting mould for motor cover and shell of variable speed motor

　　The purpose of the project is to solve the problems of looseness and sand holes in the casting of the motor cover and shell of variable speed motor.

　　According to the characteristics of the product, the casting mold was redesigned and made. The metal mold was used for assembly line casting, and the whole casting process and various parameters were controlled by computer. It plays a very important role in improving product quality and reducing scrap rate.

　　Through a series of project innovations, such as A6V series new product development project, A6V series cylinder measurement tackling key problems project, inclined shaft piston pump assembly line manufacturing project and variable motor motor cover and shell casting mold design and application project, A6V series inclined shaft hydraulic variable motor has reached the international advanced and domestic leading level.

　　3. Outstanding work performance

　　High-pressure axial piston pump/motor is an important component of hydraulic system. The low level of basic technology in China leads to the domestic hydraulic technical performance and reliability far behind that in Germany, which has become a bottleneck restricting the development of main engine. The development of domestic high-end construction machinery mainframe industry depends entirely on imported hydraulic components, and the national military products are also greatly affected.

　　In order to revitalize the hydraulic technology in China, Li Bin took the initiative to propose and undertake the innovative research project of "Key Technologies for Localization of High-pressure Axial Piston Pump/Motor", with the goal of increasing the maximum pressure from 25MPa to 40MPa and the maximum rotation speed from 1,500 r/min to 6,000 r/min, so as to meet the performance requirements of high-end hosts. He led the project team, and through the design and application of 11 technological innovations, laid the foundation for the key technical indicators of the products to reach the international advanced level. Through the third-party type test, the main technical indicators have completely reached the German peak pressure and the highest speed. The appraisal conclusion of Shanghai Economic and Information Commission on "Key Technologies of Localization of High-pressure Axial Piston Pump/Motor" is: "The project has reached the domestic leading and international advanced level in general." The project won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award and the first prize of China Machinery Industry Science and Technology Award.

　　In recent years, Li Bin led the team to make a breakthrough in the project of high-pressure axial piston pump/motor, and further developed the more advanced A6V series variable motor domestically. A6V series oblique-shaft hydraulic variable-speed motors are widely used in the construction machinery industry at present, for example, they can be used to hoist and rotate crawler cranes, and they are important basic parts of construction machinery. However, A6V series inclined-axis hydraulic variable-speed motors used in China’s construction machinery industry have long relied on imports and are basically monopolized by international giants in Europe and America.

　　Due to some domestic fields, such as metal materials, heat treatment technology of metal materials, high precision and high precision machining technology, there is still a certain gap compared with the international advanced level. The A6V products produced by us have many problems, such as many early failures, unstable processing quality and low qualified rate of parts processing. In order to change these technical problems of A6V products, Li Bin Studio took A6V product technical research as "Model Worker Innovation Studio Project". After the completion of the project, the annual sales revenue of variable displacement pump/motor series products related to this key project exceeded 6 million yuan.

　　The breakthrough of key technologies has enabled China to truly possess the internationally advanced manufacturing technology of variable speed motors. By tackling the key problems of localization, we truly have the international advanced manufacturing technology of hydraulic components, which has practical and long-term significance for changing the backward situation of basic hydraulic components in China.

　　Third, the economic and social benefits achieved

　　1. Economic benefits

　　In 2015 and 2016, due to the influence of macro-control, the construction machinery industry was not prosperous, and the sales of major domestic main engine plants all dropped significantly, but our variable displacement pump/motor products still achieved sales of 7.57 million yuan and 6.14 million yuan respectively. Since the end of 2016, with the gradual deepening of the national "One Belt, One Road" strategy, the construction machinery industry has gradually stepped out of the trough. Especially since January 2017, the supply of hydraulic pumps/motors produced by our company has been in short supply in the construction machinery market in China, and the sales volume has greatly increased compared with previous years. In 2017, the sales volume of products related to key projects was 9.213 million yuan, which achieved good economic benefits for enterprises.

　　2. Social benefits

　　2.1 Breakthrough of key technologies

　　The breakthrough of key technologies has enabled China to truly possess internationally advanced A6V series product manufacturing technology. Rexroth’s hydraulic technology has been in the leading position in the world for a long time. By tackling key problems in localization, we have truly advanced international hydraulic component manufacturing technology, which has practical and long-term significance for changing the backward situation of basic hydraulic components in China. Breaking Rexroth’s technical monopoly, realizing the full localization of high-end hydraulic components, greatly reducing the supporting cost of the main engine, saving the national foreign exchange and promoting the national "Belt and Road" strategy have great social benefits.

　　2.2 Product performance and reliability have been greatly improved.

　　With the improvement of product performance and reliability, the company’s products have been designated as supporting products for military industry, which are used for supporting 09Ⅲ and 09Ⅳ steering gear, a new generation of self-propelled gun launchers and missile destroyers. The supporting products participated in the military parade of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Liberation Army in China at the end of July 2017, visited Hong Kong for the escort ship of the Liaoning carrier in July 2017, and went to the Gulf of Aden for escort operations and China naval parade in September 3, 2015.

　

　

education

　

Ordinary institutions of higher learning Refers to the full-time universities, independent colleges, junior colleges, higher vocational schools and other institutions that are approved to be held according to the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, recruit high school graduates as the main training objects, and implement higher education.

Universities and independent colleges mainly carry out education at or above the undergraduate level, colleges and vocational schools carry out education at the junior college level, and other institutions are institutions that undertake the tasks of the national general enrollment plan. Including branches of ordinary colleges and universities and approved ordinary colleges and universities.

Independent college Refers to the secondary colleges at the undergraduate level organized by ordinary undergraduate colleges according to the new mechanism and model. The secondary colleges, "branch schools" or other similar secondary institutions established by some ordinary undergraduate colleges according to the public mechanism and mode do not belong to this category.

adult higher colleges Refers to the national unified entrance examination for adult higher education, which is approved by the national setting standards and examination and approval procedures.,Schools that recruit people who have graduated from high school or equivalent education as the main training object and implement higher education by correspondence, part-time and full-time education. Including staff colleges and universities, farmers colleges and universities, management cadre colleges, education colleges, independent correspondence colleges, radio and television universities, and other institutions. Other institutions are institutions that undertake the tasks of the national adult enrollment plan without counting schools.

Other private institutions of higher education Refers to the units that have been approved by the education administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and issued school licenses, and do not have the qualification to issue diplomas from ordinary colleges and universities.

Secondary vocational education After adjustment, secondary vocational schools refer to all kinds of school types that implement secondary vocational education, such as ordinary secondary specialized schools (secondary technical schools, secondary normal schools), adult secondary specialized schools, vocational high schools and other institutions, and are adjusted into unified school types through merger, co-construction, joint operation and transfer.

Other institutions Refers to the educational institutions undertaking secondary vocational education without counting schools (including closed schools and secondary vocational education institutions attached to institutions of higher learning).

Vocational junior high school Refers to a teaching institution approved by the education administrative department at or above the county level to recruit primary school graduates to implement junior secondary vocational and technical education.

primary education Refers to the teaching institutions approved by the education administrative departments at or above the county level to recruit school-age children to implement primary education.

approved school Refers to a teaching institution jointly organized by the education department and the public security department to rescue middle school students who have minor violations of the law.

special needs education Refers to an independent teaching institution that recruits blind, deaf and mentally handicapped children and other children and adolescents with special needs for general or vocational primary and secondary education.

preschool education Including kindergartens and preschool classes. Pre-school class refers to an organizational form of organizing pre-school children to carry out one-year pre-school education in some areas where pre-school children cannot enter the park for three years. Preschool class is an important form of developing preschool education in rural areas, and it is also an auxiliary form for cities to make up for the shortage of kindergartens.

combined junior and senior high school Refers to the educational institutions jointly established by ordinary junior high schools and senior high schools.

On-the-job personnel pursue doctoral and master’s degrees. Refers to the students who are approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and enrolled in the national entrance examination for doctoral and master’s degrees in order to improve the professional level of on-the-job personnel. The students trained only have degrees and no academic qualifications.

Self-taught students Refers to the students enrolled in full-time teaching remedial classes for students who take self-study exams in higher education.

Diploma examination students Refers to the full-time college students enrolled in other private higher education institutions to take the higher education diploma examination.

General preparatory students Refers to the preparatory enrollment plan issued with the approval of the Ministry of Education and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, which recruits ethnic minorities, Hong Kong, Macao, overseas Chinese and Taiwanese students. After one year of cultural tutoring, those who pass are promoted to relevant majors in ordinary colleges and universities.

Further education and training Refers to all kinds of non-academic education in higher education schools (institutions).

Higher education qualification certificate training Refers to the non-academic education organized by various higher education institutions, which recruits management staff with high school graduation education, engaged in professional and technical work or strong professionalism, and obtains the professional knowledge level that meets the post requirements after passing the study and examination. The forms of certificate education include single-subject classes and professional certificate classes.

Higher education post certificate training Refers to the non-academic education and training activities organized by various higher education institutions to improve their work ability. All kinds of personnel who have received training pass the examination as required, and they will be issued with post qualification certificates and appointment letters. On-the-job training forms include qualification training and adaptability training.

Secondary education qualification certificate training Refers to all kinds of trained personnel who have passed the study and examination and obtained professional qualification certificates that meet the post requirements.

Secondary education post certificate training Refers to all kinds of trained personnel who have passed the study and examination, and issued post qualification certificates and post appointment letters.

Net enrollment rate of primary school-age children Refers to the proportion of school-age children who have entered primary school in the survey range to the total number of school-age children inside and outside the school (including mentally retarded children, excluding blind deaf-mute children).

Faculty (basic education) Refers to the fixed personnel (excluding temporary workers and teachers) who are prepared in schools and engaged in teaching, management and logistics support.

Teaching staff can be divided into teachers, administrators, teaching assistants and workers according to the nature of their work.

Faculty (higher and secondary vocational education) Refers to the number of teaching and administrative staff who work in schools (institutions) and are paid by schools (institutions), including ① those who are on the staff, that is, those whose personnel relations and files are in schools according to the original personnel management system; (2) Appointment personnel, that is, long-term and full-time staff recruited by universities (institutions) after the personnel system reform. The personnel relationship of the appointment personnel is in the school, but the files are not in the school.

The number of teaching and administrative staff includes the teaching and administrative staff of the headquarters, personnel of scientific research institutions, employees of school-run enterprises and personnel of other affiliated institutions.

full-time teacher Refers to a person who is qualified as a teacher and specializes in teaching.

National financial education funds Include education funds in that national budget, tax and fees levied by governments at all levels for education, school-run education fund by enterprises, and education funds from school-run industries, work-study programs and social services.

Education funds in financial budget Refers to the education funds arranged by the central and local governments at all levels or the competent department at a higher level during the year and planned to be allocated to schools and educational institutions at all levels sponsored by the education department and other departments, which are included in the national budget expenditure items, including education funds, scientific research funds, infrastructure funds and other funds.

　

culture

　

Cultural undertakings and cultural enterprise institutions Refers to the institutions and enterprises that specialize in culture and related work and have legal personality and independent accounting, as well as business professional cultural activity units that are independently accounted for and affiliated to institutions. Including: literary and artistic creation and performance, art performance venues, cultural relics and cultural protection, museums, libraries and archives, mass cultural activities, cultural and artistic brokerage and agency, other cultural and artistic industries, entertainment and cultural services, etc. Cultural and artistic education in the education industry; And other industries run by cultural institutions that do not belong to the above industries.

Non-cultural industrial institutions Refers to the institutions and enterprises that do not belong to the above "cultural institutions and cultural enterprises" and are directly under the competent cultural departments at all levels, as well as all kinds of non-cultural activities units run by various institutions and enterprises in the cultural sector.

Art performance group Refers to all kinds of professional art performance groups that are organized or managed by the cultural department and specialize in literature, art creation and performing arts, excluding half-work, half-agriculture and half-art troupes.

Art performance venues Refers to the management activities of places with auditorium, stage and lighting equipment, which are dedicated to the performance of literary and art groups. Including concert halls, opera houses, dance theaters, theatres, circuses and other places for cultural performances. Does not include cinemas, auditoriums, stadiums, art galleries and art galleries such as painting and sculpture.

Art colleges and universities Refers to the full-time, independent colleges and junior college art schools that are approved to be held according to the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, incorporated into the national enrollment plan, passed the national unified enrollment examination, recruited high school graduates and those equivalent to high school education as the main training objects, and implemented higher education.

Secondary art school It refers to a full-time professional school that is approved by the Ministry of Culture or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, incorporated into the national enrollment plan, organized entrance examinations according to state regulations, recruited primary or junior high school (or some senior high schools) graduates and those with equivalent academic qualifications, implemented secondary art education and trained secondary art talents.

Cultural cadre colleges Refers to colleges and universities where cultural cadres are trained and trained by leaders of cultural administrative departments at all levels.

Operating internet cultural unit Refers to the unit that issues the network culture business license by the cultural administrative department.

　

Radio and television

　

Total length of cable radio and television transmission trunk network It is used to transmit signals before or between various front ends and distribution points or optical nodes. Including: national trunk network, provincial trunk network, prefecture-level trunk network, county-level trunk network and leased trunk network.

Number of cable radio and television users Refers to the number of users who watch TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network, including the number of cable TV users who receive analog signals and digital signals.

Number of analog TV users Refers to the number of users who watch analog signal TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network.

Number of digital TV users Refers to the number of users who watch digital signal TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network.

Number of paid digital TV users Refers to the number of cable TV users who watch digital TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network and pay the viewing fee.

Number of public broadcasting programs Refers to the number of radio programs approved by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and run by radio and television broadcasters, which do not charge listeners for listening, and broadcast on a fixed frequency for the main purpose of providing public broadcasting services to the public, and have a complete set of self-run program schedules. This refers to the number of programs broadcast to the public for free, not only to public channels.

Time for broadcasting purchase and exchange programs throughout the year. Refers to the annual broadcast time of radio and television broadcasters through purchase, exchange and other transactions, including imported programs, which belongs to public broadcast time.

Microwave station The total number of starting stations, opening stations, relay stations and terminal stations of microwave lines.

Length of digital microwave transmission trunk line Refers to the length of microwave trunk line capable of transmitting digital signals.

Long-term employee Refers to employees whose employment period is more than one year (including one year).

Carry-over self-raised infrastructure Refers to the use of non-financial funds for infrastructure funds.

　

sports

　

Sports full-time coach Refers to coaches who specialize in sports training.

letterman Refers to the personnel who have been approved by the labor and personnel departments at all levels to join the team and specialize in sports training, including athletes in training and trial training.

First-line athletes Refers to the national team, national training team, Chinese youth team and outstanding sports teams in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.

Second-line athletes Refers to sports classes in sports schools. Third-line athletes: refers to all kinds of amateur sports schools for children.

　

health

　

health institution Refers to the units that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions from the administrative department of health, or obtained the registration certificate of legal entity from the administrative departments of civil affairs, industry and commerce, and establishment management, and provided medical care, disease control, health supervision services or engaged in medical research and education for the society. Health institutions include hospitals, sanatoriums and community health service centers.(stand), hospitals, clinics, clinics(Health clinic, infirmary), emergency center(stand), blood collection and supply institutions, maternal and child health centers(Station, station)Specialized disease prevention and treatment center(Station, station)Center for Disease Control and Prevention(epidemic station), health supervision, health supervision and inspection(Monitoring and testing)Institutions, medical research institutions, medical on-the-job training institutions, health education institutes(stand)Other health institutions. This data does not include village clinics (separate statistics).

medical institution Refers to the institutions that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions from the administrative department of health, including hospitals, sanatoriums and community health service centers.(stand), hospitals, clinics, clinics(Health clinic, infirmary), Maternal and Child Health Hospital(Station, station)Specialized disease prevention and treatment center(Station, station) , emergency center(stand)And clinical laboratory center. This information does not include village clinics.(Separate statistics).

Nonprofit medical institutions Refers to the medical institutions established and operated for the public interest, not for profit, and their income is used to make up for the cost of medical services.

For-profit medical institutions Refers to medical institutions whose income from medical services can be used to make up for investors’ economic returns. The government does not run for-profit medical institutions.

hospital Including general hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine hospitals, ethnic hospitals, various specialized hospitals and nursing homes, excluding specialized disease prevention hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals and nursing homes.

hospital of traditional Chinese medicine Refers to traditional Chinese medicine(comprehensive)Hospitals and specialized hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine, excluding hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic hospitals.

special hospital Including stomatological hospitals, ophthalmology hospitals, otolaryngology hospitals, tumor hospitals, cardiovascular hospitals, chest hospitals, hematological hospitals, and maternity hospitals.(branch of academic or vocational study)Hospitals, children’s hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, infectious diseases hospitals, dermatology hospitals, tuberculosis hospitals, leprosy hospitals, occupational diseases hospitals, orthopedic hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, plastic surgery hospitals, beauty hospitals and other specialized hospitals, excluding traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, various specialized disease prevention hospitals and maternal and child health care hospitals.

community health service centers(stand) Refers to the grass-roots health institutions that provide prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education and family planning technical services for residents in this community.

Union ban village clinic Refers to the village clinic by two or more rural doctors jointly run, rural doctors and health workers jointly run and practice.(assistant)Doctors and rural doctors or health workers jointly run.

Health personnel Refers to the workers working in health institutions such as medical treatment, preventive health care, medical scientific research and on-the-job education, including health technicians, other technicians, managers and workers. All statistics are based on the on-the-job employees who pay the wages at the end of the year, including recruiters, excluding temporary workers, retirees, those who leave the unit and still retain labor relations and those who are re-employed.

health workers Including practicing.(assistant)Doctors, registered nurses, pharmacy personnel, inspection and imaging personnel and other health professionals. Does not include health technical personnel engaged in management work.(Will be included in the management personnel.).

doctor Including chief physician, deputy chief physician, attending physician, resident physician and healer.

certified doctor Including chief physician, deputy chief physician, attending physician and resident physician.

Practitioner (assistant) physician Refers to the personnel who have the Medical Practitioner’s License and their "level" as "practicing (assistant) doctors" and are actually engaged in medical treatment, prevention and health care, excluding the practicing (assistant) doctors who are actually engaged in management. The categories of practicing (assistant) doctors are divided into four categories: clinical, traditional Chinese medicine, oral and public health.

registered nurse Refers to the personnel who have registered nurse certificate and are actually engaged in nursing work, excluding nurses engaged in management work.

Pharmacy personnel Including chief pharmacists, deputy chief pharmacists, competent pharmacists, pharmacists, pharmacists and pharmacists.

Inspector Including chief inspection technician, deputy chief inspection technician, chief inspection technician, inspection technician, inspection technician and inspector.

Other technicians Refers to those who graduated from high schools and other non-health majors such as chemistry and mathematics, and are now engaged in technical work such as health promotion, scientific research and teaching.

administrative staff Including the person in charge of the unit, mainly engaged in medical care, disease control, health supervision, medical research and teaching and other business management personnel, mainly engaged in party and government, personnel, finance, information, security and other administrative management personnel.

Health technical personnel per thousand population That is, the number of health technicians/PopulationX1000. Population is the registered population of the Ministry of Public Security.

country doctor Refers to the personnel who have obtained the certificate of "village doctor" from the local health administrative department in the village clinic.

health worker Refers to the personnel who have not obtained the certificate of "village doctor" in the village clinic.

Bed number Refers to the fixed bed at the end of the year.(Non-compiled bed), including regular beds, simple beds, monitoring beds, beds being disinfected and repaired, beds stopped due to expansion or overhaul, excluding obstetric newborn beds, delivery rooms, waiting beds, observation beds, temporary extra beds and accompanying beds for patients’ families.

Number of beds in hospitals and health centers per thousand population namely(Hospital bed+Hospital bed)/PopulationX1000. Population is the registered population of the Ministry of Public Security.

total expenditure on health Reflect the total amount of funds spent on medical and health care services in the whole country in that year, and calculate it by financing source method. It is divided into three parts: government budget health expenditure, social health expenditure and personal cash health expenditure.

Government budget health expenditure Refers to the financial budget allocated by governments at all levels for health care. Including: ① public health service funds(Including health service fees, Chinese medicine service fees, drug supervision and management fees, family planning service fees, budgetary capital construction funds, medical research funds, health administration fees, basic medical insurance subsidies and rural cooperative medical care government subsidies.); ② Medical expenses of administrative institutions.

Social health expenditure Refers to the government’s extra-budgetary investment in health care from all walks of life. Including social basic medical insurance premiums, other social insurance medical and health expenses, commercial health insurance premiums, non-health department administrative institutions office expenses, enterprise staff medical and health expenses, agriculturalVillage collective economic health expenditure, health extra-budgetary capital construction funds, initial investment of private medical treatment, extra-budgetary capital investment of public health institutions, etc.

Personal cash health expenditure Refers to urban and rural residents using their disposable economic income.,Cash when receiving various medical and health services,Including personal cash health expenditure of urban residents and personal cash health expenditure of rural residents.

Per capita medical expenses of outpatients Also known as medical expenses per visit. namely(Medical outpatient income+Drug outpatient income)/Total number of visits.

Per capita medical expenses of inpatients Also known as the per capita medical expenses of discharged patients. namely(Medical hospitalization income+Drug hospitalization income)/Number of discharged patients.

The average daily hospitalization medical expenses of discharged patients namely(Medical hospitalization income+Drug hospitalization income)/Number of days of total bed occupied by discharged patients.

Total number of visits Refers to the total number of people in all diagnosis and treatment work. Including outpatient and emergency visits of patients, visits, visits to family sickbeds, visits to hospitals, visits to staff in our hospital, individual health check-ups and health consultation and guidance, and individual health check-ups in some areas.

Number of hospital admissions per 100 emergency departments. That is, admission number/Outpatient and emergency visits x100.

Bed turnover times Refers to the ratio of "number of discharged patients" to "average number of open beds".

Average length of stay of discharged patients It refers to the ratio of "the number of days occupied by discharged patients" to "the number of discharged patients".

Doctors are responsible for the number of visits per day. That is, the number of patients/Average number of doctors/251.

The average physician is responsible for the hospital bed days every day. Refers to the actual occupation of total bed days./Average number of doctors/365.

Residents’ two-week attendance rate It refers to the ratio of the number of people who went to medical institutions for treatment due to illness or physical discomfort in the two weeks before the survey to the number of people surveyed.

Residents’ two-week absence rate It refers to the ratio of the number of people who were ill but didn’t see a doctor in the two weeks before the survey to the number of people who were sick in the two weeks.

Hospitalization rate of residents Refers to the ratio of the number of hospitalized residents due to illness to the number of people surveyed in the year before the survey.

Live birth number Refers to the number of live births during the year. Live birth refers to the pregnancy product that is completely discharged or taken out from the mother regardless of the length of pregnancy. After it is separated from the mother, whether the umbilical cord is cut off or whether the placenta is attached, as long as the pregnancy product has one of the four life signs of breathing, heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation or obvious voluntary muscle movement, it is considered as a live birth.

neonatal mortality (rate) Refers to the postpartum within the year.28The ratio of the number of newborns who died within days to the number of live births. Generally expressed in parts per thousand.

fiveUnder-five mortality rate Refers to the year is not full.fiveRatio of deaths to live births of children aged. Generally expressed in ‰.

Maternal mortality rate Refers to every year10The death toll of 10,000 pregnant women. Maternal death refers to the period from the beginning of pregnancy to postpartum.forty-twoDeath within days, regardless of the time and place of pregnancy, includes death due to internal and surgical reasons, family planning operation, ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole, but does not include death due to accidental reasons. According to the international general calculation method, the "total number of pregnant and lying-in women" is calculated by "number of live births".

High-risk maternal ratio Refers to the ratio of high-risk number to live births caused by various pathological factors and acute and chronic risk factors. General use%Express.

Maternal card establishment rate Refers to the health care card established by health care personnel during the year.(volume)Ratio of number of people to number of live births. General use%Express.

Systematic management rate of pregnant women Refers to pregnancy during the year to postpartum.28Received early pregnancy examination and prenatal examination within days ≥fiveSecond, the ratio of the number of parturients who received disinfection delivery and postpartum visit to the whole health care service to the number of local live births. General use%Express.

Prenatal check-up rate Refers to the ratio of the number of pregnant women who have received one or more prenatal examinations during the year to the number of live births. General use%Express.

Postpartum visit rate Refers to the ratio of the number of parturients who have received one or more postpartum visits during the year to the number of live births. General use%Express.

Hospital delivery rate Refers to the ratio of the number of births to the number of live births in township hospitals and medical and health institutions above the township level during the year. General use%Express.

New delivery rate Refers to the ratio of the sum of the number of births delivered by the new method of hospital delivery and non-hospital delivery to the number of live births during the year. General use%Express. The new method of delivery means that the delivery package, the hands of the midwife, the vulva of the parturient and the umbilical cord are disinfected and delivered by doctors, midwives and trained primary health personnel and midwives who have obtained the certificate of "family midwife".

the two week prevalence rate That is, the number of patients in the two weeks before the investigation.(Or number of cases)/number of people surveyedX1000.

Prevalence of chronic diseases There are two definitions: the prevalence rate of chronic diseases calculated by the number of people refers to the ratio of the number of patients with chronic diseases to the number of people surveyed in the first half of the survey; The prevalence rate of chronic diseases calculated by the number of cases refers to the number of cases of chronic diseases in the first half of the investigation.(Including one person who has been sick many times.)Compared with the number of people surveyed. "Chronic disease" refers to: ① chronic diseases (including chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and chronic non-infectious diseases such as coronary heart disease and hypertension) confirmed by doctors within the first half of the investigation; ② He was diagnosed with a chronic disease by a doctor six months ago, and he had an attack during the first half of the investigation, and took treatment measures such as taking medicine and physical therapy. One of them is that they are suffering from "chronic diseases".

Statutory reporting incidence of infectious diseases Refers to every year in a certain area.10Number of legally reported infectious diseases of Class A and B in the population of 10,000. That is, the incidence of infectious diseases is legally reported=Number of legally reported infectious diseases of Class A and B/PopulationX100000.

Statutory reporting of infectious disease mortality Refers to every year in a certain area.10Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths of Class A and Class B in the population of 10,000. That is, legally reported infectious disease mortality.=Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths in Class A and Class B/PopulationX100000.

Mortality rate of legally reported infectious diseases Refers to the ratio between the number of deaths and the number of cases of legally reported infectious diseases in a certain area in a certain year. That is, legally reported mortality of infectious diseases.=Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths in Class A and Class B/Incidence numberX100%.

Standardized mortality rate That is, the age-standardized mortality rate refers to the mortality rate calculated according to the age structure of a standard population.

Qualified rate of food hygiene Refers to the qualified rate of food hygiene sampling inspection.,That is, the number of qualified food hygiene sampling monitoring pieces./Number of monitoring piecesX100%.

　

social work

　

Private non-enterprise Refers to enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other social forces and individual citizens who use non-state-owned assets to organize non-profit social service activities.

Number of regular pensions Refers to the number of families of revolutionary martyrs, families of soldiers who died in the line of duty or died at the end of the reporting period who met the pension conditions and were given regular pensions by the state.

Number of regular subsidies Refers to the sum of the demobilized soldiers who can’t participate in productive labor and have a particularly difficult life, the demobilized soldiers who have completely lost their ability to work and have a difficult life, the lost Red Army personnel, and other people who enjoy regular payment with pension expenses at the end of the reporting period.

Veterans of the Red Army in the countryside (separated Red Army personnel, marked army), etc. point to1937yearsevenmoonsixsunFormerly enlisted in the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants (including the marked army, the anti-Japanese Coalition forces and the full-time guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China (CPC)); There are discharge procedures or exact certificates; Those who have not defected to the enemy, and who have continued to maintain the revolutionary tradition after returning to the local area, and those who have been separated from the Red Army due to injury, illness, defeat in battle or organized mobilization, and have performed well after leaving the team, and have been recognized by the local people, reviewed by the township people’s government, and approved by the county and municipal people’s governments.

Demobilized soldiers in rural areas Refers to1954year11moononesunNon-commissioned officers and soldiers who volunteered to join the army before and were demobilized, or those who were conscripts but later changed to volunteers or cadres were treated as demobilized.

Number of scattered martyrs memorial buildings Refers to the total number of martyrs memorial buildings without martyrs memorial building management unit at the end of the reporting period. Including the number of monuments, towers, pavilions, shrines and martyrs’ cemeteries that praise revolutionary martyrs.

Adoption unit (social welfare unit providing accommodation) Refers to the general name of social welfare institutions that provide accommodation, rest homes for disabled revolutionary soldiers, sanatoriums for retired soldiers with chronic diseases, mental hospitals for retired soldiers, glorious hospitals, social welfare homes, children’s welfare homes, mental patients’ welfare homes, elderly adoption institutions (nursing homes, nursing homes, elderly apartments) and so on.

Social welfare enterprise Refers to the centralized placement of disabled people with certain working ability for the purpose of employment (disabled workers account for production personnel)10%Above), a general term for enterprises with social welfare nature. Social welfare enterprises are classified as: social welfare factories, artificial limb factories and other welfare enterprises.

Regular quantitative relief funds in cities and towns According to the regulations, the civil affairs department shall issue regular quantitative relief funds to the orphans, the old, the disabled, the young and the residents who have no fixed occupation, fixed income and living difficulties in cities and towns that have not yet implemented the minimum living security system.

Regular quantitative relief in rural areas By the civil affairs department to the rural income level is very low, life is really difficult, poor households living relief.

Streamline retired old workers point to1957Work before the end of the year, at1961Year’s arrival1965yearsixmoonninesunOld employees who were downsized during the period.

40%relieve Refers to the original standard salary given by the civil affairs department to the old, weak, sick and disabled among the streamlined retired old workers.40%Relief.

Streamline the assistance for retired workers Refers to the right or wrong40%The civil affairs department shall give relief to the streamlined retired workers who have difficulties in life for more than half a year.

Temporary relief in rural areas Refers to the life relief given by the state or the collective to those who have temporary difficulties in life for less than half a year during the reporting period.

Welfare lottery chest Refers to the extra-budgetary funds earmarked for the development of social welfare undertakings raised by issuing China welfare lottery tickets according to relevant state regulations. The income of social welfare fund includes: the net income after deducting the redemption and management fees from the total amount of welfare lottery tickets sold in China; Abandoned prize income without prize pool in lottery sales; Interest on bank deposits of social welfare funds.

household enjoying the five guarantees Refers to the person who cannot be legally obligated to support, or the person who is legally obligated to support, but the person who supports him is incapable of supporting; Incapable of working; The elderly, the disabled and the minors who have no source of livelihood.

“Sanwu"target Refers to the residents who can’t support (support, support) obligors, have no ability to work and have no source of income.

Number of charity supermarkets Refers to the number of social donation institutions that rely on regular social donation stations (points) to solve the living difficulties of urban poor residents, take targeted collection and distribution as the main form, learn from the management model of commercial supermarkets, and receive donated materials on demand for relief objects.

Urban elderly adoption welfare institutions Refers to the general name of social welfare institutions that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly adopt the social "three noes" and the elderly whose families are unable to take care of them.

Rural elderly adoption welfare institutions (rural five-guarantee welfare institutions) Refers to the social welfare units that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly adopt "five guarantees" and elderly people whose families are unable to take care of them in rural areas (townships and towns).

Community Service Center Refers to welfare institutions that do not provide multi-functional comprehensive services (more than two services) for the elderly, disabled people, families of martyrs and other community residents for profit. Basic conditions for being called a community service center: (oneThere is a certain place (the construction area is in100square meterAbove); (2) there are fixed management personnel; (three) The social welfare services provided must be more than two; (four) is an independent accounting unit.

Social welfare hospital Refers to the social welfare hospitals (including psychiatric welfare hospitals) that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly treat the homeless, helpless, and have no source of income, as well as the civil objects such as subsistence allowances and special care recipients.

Other payments Expenditure for civil affairs refers to the expenditure for civil affairs arranged by the finance from the budget. Such as military supply station funds, medical assistance, and secondary specialized schools organized by civil affairs departments.

　

Disabled cause

　

Cataract surgery Refers to the number of cases of cataract surgery.

Intraocular lens implantation Refers to the number of cases of intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery.

become literate Refers to the number of cases of blindness after cataract surgery.

Equipped with visual AIDS Refers to the number of tasks completed with visual AIDS for low vision in this year.

Hospital ophthalmology Refers to the number of newly opened low-vision clinics in hospitals at the municipal level (including county-level cities) this year.

Total number of newly recruited deaf children Refers to the sum of the number of deaf children newly trained in rehabilitation institutions and families this year.

Training parents of deaf children Refers to the number of parents of deaf children who held parent training classes this year (excluding parents of deaf children who are being trained by provincial centers and language training departments).

In-service teacher Refers to teachers who are directly engaged in rehabilitation training in rehabilitation institutions at all levels.

In-service medical skills Refers to the professional and technical personnel engaged in deafness diagnosis, hearing test, hearing aid selection, ear mold making, rehabilitation evaluation, psychological test and so on in rehabilitation institutions at all levels.

Rehabilitation and correction of leprosy deformity Refers to the number of cases in which leprosy patients received leprosy deformity correction surgery this year.

Set up a medical team Refers to the number of batches of provincial and municipal leprosy rehabilitation medical teams in this year.

Distribution of assistive devices (excluding artificial limbs) for leprosy disabled persons Refers to the total number of assistive devices distributed to leprosy disabled people in this year. Auxiliary appliances include protective shoes, insoles, goggles, crutches, wheelchairs, self-help appliances, orthoses, etc.

Rehabilitation training of leprosy deformity Refers to the number of leprosy disabled rehabilitation training tasks completed this year. Rehabilitation training includes self-care training and functional exercise.

Total cases of popular leg prosthesis assembly Refers to the number of popular leg prostheses assembled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system this year.

Total cases of universal thigh prosthesis assembly Refers to the number of popular thigh prostheses assembled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system this year.

Covering the total population Refers to the sum of the population covered by cities and counties that carry out intensive prevention and rehabilitation work. The population of prefecture-level cities refers to the population of the city, excluding the population of cities and counties under their jurisdiction; The population of county-level cities and counties refers to the population under the jurisdiction of the cities and counties.

Number of mental patients Refers to the total number of registered mental patients after a thorough investigation, rather than the figures calculated or estimated according to the incidence rate.

Number of patients under guardianship Refers to the total number of mental patients who receive socialized, open and comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation through monitoring groups, family sickbeds, industrial treatment stations, social employment and mental health institutions.

Number of significantly improved patients Refers to the number of mental patients whose condition is stable and their symptoms are relieved after taking effective treatment and rehabilitation measures.

Total number of people participating in society Refers to the number of mental patients who can take care of themselves and participate in housework, social production and social activities.

Accident rate Refers to the percentage of the number of people who violate the regulations on public security management and the total number of registered mental patients in the year.

Number of rehabilitation training for children with physical disabilities and cerebral palsy It refers to the number of tasks completed in rehabilitation training for physically disabled and cerebral palsy children in this year.

Effective number of rehabilitation for children with physical disabilities and cerebral palsy After systematic rehabilitation training, the training effect is the sum of significant effect and effective number.

Number of rehabilitation training for children with intellectual disabilities Refers to the sum of the tasks completed by mentally disabled children in institutions and families during this year.

Effective number of institutional and family rehabilitation for children with intellectual disabilities Respectively, after rehabilitation training in institutions and families, the training effect is the sum of great progress and the number of progress.

Number of municipal districts and counties (cities) carrying out rehabilitation services this year It refers to the number of tasks of municipal districts and counties (cities) that have carried out rehabilitation services for the disabled in this year to meet the requirements of the implementation measures of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services.

Cumulative number of municipal districts and counties (cities) carrying out rehabilitation services Respectively refer to2001Since, the sum of the number of tasks of municipal districts and counties (cities) that have carried out rehabilitation services for the disabled to meet the implementation requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services.

Total rehabilitation training service institutions Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the sum of the number of rehabilitation training service institutions for children with physical disabilities (including children with cerebral palsy) and intellectual disabilities at the provincial, city (prefecture), county (city, district) and county (city, district) levels.

Provincial, prefectural (city) and county (city, district) level disabled persons’ Federation system rehabilitation training service institutions. Refers to the end of this year.twelvemoon31Number of rehabilitation training service institutions for physically disabled (including children with cerebral palsy) and intellectually disabled children established by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district) levels.

Rehabilitation training service institutions established outside the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels. Refers to the end of this year.twelvemoon31Number of rehabilitation training service institutions for physically disabled (including children with cerebral palsy) and mentally disabled children established by departments and social forces outside the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district) levels.

Total training this year Refers to the sum of the training times of managers and technicians carried out by provinces, cities and districts (counties) according to the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services this year.

Distribute iodine supplement publicity materials Refers to the sum of promotional materials (posters, brochures, popular science books, etc.) issued by the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and the disabled persons’ federations of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and counties in this year.

Organize iodine supplementation publicity activities. Refers to all kinds of publicity activities, such as IDD prevention day, exhibition, consultation and knowledge lecture, jointly organized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation at all levels and the Disabled Persons’ Federation with health, civil affairs, family planning commission, salt industry, publicity and other relevant departments this year to eliminate IDD and prevent intellectual disability caused by iodine deficiency.

Number of people with special needs receiving publicity and education on iodine supplementation Refers to the number of people with special needs (newly married women of childbearing age and pregnant women) in a region who have received publicity and education on iodine supplementation. The total number of people with special needs for publicity and education can be1996Based on the estimated number of iodine supplements for people with special needs in.

Ordinary high schools for the blind and deaf It refers to the actual number of ordinary high schools for the blind and deaf respectively.

Number of people who have reached the admission scores of ordinary colleges and universities Refers to the actual number of disabled senior high school graduates who participated in this year’s college entrance examination and reached the admission score.

Reach the admission scores of ordinary colleges and universities. Refers to the actual number of disabled candidates who have not only reached the admission score of the college entrance examination but also been admitted by ordinary colleges and universities (excluding the number of students admitted to higher special education institutions).

Number of students enrolled in higher special education institutions Refers to the number of blind and deaf students admitted to higher special education colleges (schools) and majors (classes) this year.

Total educational and training institutions Refers to the number of academic education and non-academic training institutions specially organized by the society and the Disabled Persons’ Federation system for the disabled.

Total vocational training Refers to the vocational training of the society and the Disabled Persons’ Federation system except academic education, and the actual number of trainees in this year (including the number of trainees).

Total secondary vocational education institutions for the disabled Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Day, including the actual number of secondary vocational education institutions with academic qualifications for the disabled in special education schools, society and disabled persons’ federations.

School-age disabled children and adolescents with vision, hearing, intelligence, physical and mental disabilities who are not enrolled in school. Refers to a person who suffers from only one type of disability. Use of criteria for defining disability categories1987yearfourThe disability category standard of the national sample survey of disabled people in June.

Multiple disabilities Refers to a person suffering from two or more categories of disabled people. Use of criteria for defining disability categories1987yearfourThe disability category standard of the national sample survey of disabled people in June.

We should help poor disabled children and adolescents who are not enrolled in school. Refers to disabled children and adolescents who live below the local poverty line and are not enrolled in school.

Cumulative employment situation of urban disabled people Refers to urban (non-agricultural registered permanent residence) centralized employment of disabled people, decentralized proportional employment (including disabled people who have been employed in various social units before the implementation of proportional employment) and individual employment, as of this year.twelvemoon31The cumulative number of people who have been placed in employment on a daily basis.

This year’s vocational skills training for disabled people Refers to the number of persons with disabilities who are employable but not employed, need to change their occupations and have been employed and need to improve their technical level. (including pre-employment training, pre-job training, job transfer training and on-the-job training, etc.)

Accumulated unemployment of urban disabled persons Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The actual cumulative number of people with disabilities in cities and towns who have employment requirements and employment ability but have not arranged employment (men of employment age)16－forty-nineYears old; woman16－forty-fourYears old)

Cumulative employment in rural areas Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Disabled people in rural areas (agricultural registered permanent residence) are engaged in all kinds of productive labor, including planting, aquaculture, cottage industry and the total number of disabled people in various types of enterprises, services, businesses and individual businesses.

Accumulated stable employment in rural areas Refers to the cumulative number of disabled people with a relatively fixed income and a relatively stable life in the "cumulative employment in rural areas".

Practical technical training this year Refers to the number of disabled employment service agencies, organizations and schools with the help of social forces in this year, and various agricultural technical trainings for rural disabled people such as "planting, raising and adding".

Cumulative unemployment of disabled people in rural areas Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The cumulative number of disabled people in rural areas who hold the local official agricultural registered permanent residence and have participated in the labor demand but have not engaged in the occupation described in the "Cumulative Employment in Rural Areas" (the employment age is16Age and16Years old or older. It does not include disabled people who cannot support productive labor due to lack of working conditions and can only solve food and clothing through social relief).

Poor disabled people Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Number of rural poor disabled people living below the local poverty line.

Can support poor disabled people Refers to the number of poor disabled people who are suitable to participate in productive labor.

Cities and towns have been included in the minimum living guarantee. Refers to the disabled with urban hukou, and the per capita income of family members is lower than the local minimum living standard for urban residents, which has been included in the minimum living guarantee.

Centralized support Refers to the number of disabled people in cities and towns who meet the conditions of five guarantees and are supported by social welfare institutions such as social welfare homes.

Temporary relief Refers to the number of disabled people who have urban hukou, have temporary difficulties due to unexpected accidents, affect their basic life, and enjoy funds and in-kind assistance donated by the government or society from time to time.

Rural areas have been included in the minimum living security. Refers to the number of persons with disabilities in agricultural registered permanent residence, whose per capita income of family members is lower than the local minimum living standard in rural areas and has been included in the minimum living guarantee.

Five guarantees Refers to the number of disabled people who are unable to legally support their obligations in rural areas, or who have legal support obligations but have no ability to support, have no ability to work and have no source of income, and receive life care and material help in food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial.

Temporary relief Refers to the number of disabled people who have agricultural registered permanent residence, have temporary difficulties due to unexpected accidents, affect their basic life, and enjoy funds and in-kind assistance donated by the government or society irregularly.

Regular subsidy Finger continuitysixNumber of persons with disabilities who enjoy temporary relief for more than one month and are given regular and quantitative financial subsidies by the government.

specific grant Refers to the number of disabled persons who have been subsidized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation by setting up special subsidies and other measures in addition to implementing various safeguard measures.

Provincial, city (prefecture) level audio books library (room) It refers to the actual number of audio-visual books libraries and rooms for the blind that have been opened or opened in introspection, city (prefecture) level public libraries (rooms) and disabled people’s activity facilities this year.

Provincial, city (prefecture) level sports venues It refers to the number of sports venues for the disabled determined by signing agreements or listing in public stadiums at the introspection and city (prefecture) levels this year.

Develop rehabilitation and fitness programs for the disabled. Refers to the number of rehabilitation and fitness programs suitable for disabled people developed by provincial disabled persons’ federations this year.

Provincial and municipal sports competitions for the disabled. Refers to the provincial (including cities specifically designated in the state plan) and city (prefecture) level sports commission, the Disabled Persons’ Federation and the Sports Association’s provincial and city (prefecture) level disabled games (tryouts) in this year.

NPC law enforcement inspection Refers to the number of times that people’s congresses at the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels inspected the implementation of the law on the protection of the disabled and its implementation methods and provisions on helping the disabled this year.

CPPCC inspection or special investigation Refers to the number of inspections or special investigations on the implementation of the law on the protection of the disabled and its implementation methods and the provisions on helping the disabled by the CPPCC at the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels this year.

Special inspection by the government and relevant administrative functional units Refers to the number of times that the provincial (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city), county (city, district) governments and relevant administrative departments conducted special inspections on the implementation of the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons and its implementation measures and provisions on assisting disabled persons this year.

Disabled legal aid (service) center Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the cumulative number of legal aid centers for the disabled or branches (stations) of legal aid centers for the disabled, which are jointly organized by judicial administrative departments at the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels and disabled persons’ federations at the same level or run by disabled persons’ federations and approved by judicial administrative departments at the same level.

Persons with disabilities receive legal aid and services. It refers to the number of people who provide legal aid and services to the disabled in this year, such as law firms designated or entrusted by the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), city (prefecture) and county (city, district) level Disabled Persons’ Federation, legal aid (service) centers (sub-centers) for the disabled or the work department (station) of the legal aid center.

Investigate and deal with major cases that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the disabled. Refers to the cases concluded or handled within this year with one of the following conditions, which are directly involved (including cooperation with relevant departments) by the provincial and municipal disabled persons’ federations and disabled persons’ federations established or entrusted by them:

1. According to the local economic development level, the amount of the subject matter of the case is relatively large;

Two, the local major media reported the case;

Three, at or above the provincial level, the main leaders at or above the prefecture level have given instructions for handling;

4. The rights and interests of group disabled persons are infringed.

Provincial rights protection hotline Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31sun, the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) Disabled Persons’ Federation in the organ rights department (office), the petition department, the legal aid (service) center for the disabled set up the hotline (number).

Laws and regulations on the construction of barrier-free facilities and government orders Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The local laws and regulations promulgated and implemented by the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) level people’s congress or the government on June, aimed at promoting the construction and management of barrier-free facilities in this region.

Carry out the construction of barrier-free facilities in cities, counties and districts Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the cumulative number of cities, counties and districts that have been jointly determined by provincial disabled persons’ federations and construction departments at the same level to carry out barrier-free facilities construction according to the outline of the tenth five-year plan and the eleventh five-year plan for the disabled in China and its supporting implementation plan.

Group visit of motor vehicles point tofiveVisits by groups of more than one person on motor vehicle transportation and motor vehicle operation.

Number of disabled persons’ federations to be built Subject to local administrative divisions.

Projects that have been put into use Refers to the comprehensive service facilities that have been completed and accepted and carried out for the disabled. Among them, "new projects put into use this year" refers to the projects in this year.onemoononeDay to this yeartwelvemoon31New facilities put into use between Japan and Japan.

Accumulated projects that have been put into use Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31All facilities that have been put into use.

Construction land area Refers to the total area of land occupied by the planned comprehensive service facilities.

scale of construction Refers to the construction area of the built comprehensive service facilities.

total investment　 For "projects that have been put into use", it refers to the actual amount of funds invested at the time of completion and settlement; For "projects under construction" and "projects under preparation", it refers to the total estimated amount for the construction of comprehensive service facilities for the disabled.

　

Public management and social organization

　

The people’s procuratorate directly files a case for investigation. Refers to the crime of corruption and bribery, the crime of dereliction of duty and infringement, the crime of infringing citizens’ personal rights and democratic rights committed by the staff of state organs by taking advantage of their functions and powers, and other major criminal cases committed by the staff of state organs by taking advantage of their functions and powers after the provincial people’s procuratorate decides to put on record for investigation.

Accept a case Refers to the newly accepted cases this year.

register It refers to the litigation activities in which the people’s procuratorate considers that there is a duty crime after a preliminary investigation of the accepted case, and should be investigated for criminal responsibility, and decides to investigate it as a criminal case, which is the beginning of investigating the crime. This indicator mainly reflects the litigation activities of the people’s procuratorate to investigate the clues of duty crimes as criminal cases according to law.

wind up/close/conclude a case Refers to the end of the investigation procedure.

Major case Refers to cases of corruption and bribery involving more than 50,000 yuan, misappropriation of public funds involving more than 100,000 yuan, and cases identified in accordance with the Standards of People’s Procuratorate for Directly Accepting Serious Cases of Dereliction of Duty and Infringement (Trial). This index mainly reflects the cases with great economic losses and serious social harm among the duty crime cases investigated by the people’s procuratorate.

key criminal case Refers to crimes committed by cadres at or above the county level. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that cadres at or above the county level are placed on file for investigation by the people’s procuratorate according to law in duty crime cases.

approve an arrest It means that the people’s procuratorate examines the criminal suspects arrested by the public security, state security organs and prison management organs, and makes a decision to arrest according to the facts. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that the people’s procuratorate makes a decision to approve the arrest according to law after examining the criminal suspect who has been arrested.

Decide to arrest Refers to the arrest decision made by the people’s procuratorate in accordance with the law when it deems it necessary to arrest the criminal suspect in a case directly put on file for investigation. This indicator mainly reflects the people’s procuratorate’s exercise of the right to decide on arrest in cases directly accepted.

to prosecute Refers to the people’s procuratorate to the public security, state security organs, prison management organs and procuratorial organs investigation department to review the case, according to the facts, make a public prosecution case. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that people’s procuratorates have prosecuted various criminal cases in people’s courts.

criminal case Refers to cases investigated by public security organs, state security organs and prison management organs in accordance with the provisions of jurisdiction.

Apply summary procedure Refers to the people’s court may be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance, and a single fine. The facts are clear and the evidence is sufficient, and the people’s procuratorate suggests or agrees to apply summary procedures; Cases handled only after telling; A minor criminal case prosecuted by the victim with evidence.

first trial Refers to the first instance procedure of public prosecution cases.

review Refers to a case retried by the people’s court in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision.

Lodge a protest Refers to the litigation activities in which the people’s procuratorate considers that the judgment or ruling of the people’s court is really wrong and proposes to the people’s court to retry the case. Including protests in accordance with the procedure of second instance and protests in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision (retrial procedure).

Withdraw the protest Refers to the protest filed by the people’s procuratorate at a higher level against the people’s procuratorate at a lower level in accordance with the procedure of second instance. After examination, it is considered that the protest is inappropriate and the protest is withdrawn to the people’s court at the same level, and the people’s procuratorate at a lower level who lodged the protest is notified at the same time.

register Refers to the decision to file a case for review.

Draw a protest Refers to the case that the people’s procuratorate at the same level refers to the case that our hospital has the right to lodge a protest to the people’s procuratorate at a lower level, and the people’s procuratorate at a lower level considers that it should lodge a protest and suggests that the people’s procuratorate at a higher level lodge a protest.

protest Refers to the case protested by the people’s procuratorate at the corresponding level.

Withdraw the protest Refers to the case that the people’s procuratorate that made the protest decision found that the protest was improper, or withdrew the protest from the people’s court after receiving the decision of the people’s procuratorate at a higher level to cancel the protest.

Filing supervision Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the criminal filing activities of the investigation organs. Including the supervision of filing a case without filing a case and the supervision of filing a case without filing a case.

Supervise the filing of cases It includes two contents: the investigation organ takes the initiative to file a case after receiving the request to explain the reasons for not filing a case and the execution notice to file a case.

Supervise the withdrawal of the case Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the investigation organ’s filing of a case when it should not be filed.

Regulatory activities Refers to the supervision of the management activities of prisons and other places of supervision and reform.

“Holiday reduction insurance" Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the illegal situation in the commutation, parole and medical parole of criminals.

accept and hear a case Refers to the situation in which the people’s procuratorate accepts the complaint. Including letters and visits.

File a case for review Refers to the people’s procuratorate after accepting the appeal, after examination and decision to file a case for review.

wind up/close/conclude a case Refers to the case with the result of filing a case for review.

First report Refers to the unit or individual who reports the suspected corruption and bribery crimes of state functionaries by letter or visit, and the suspected dereliction of duty and infringement crimes of state functionaries. Does not include the number of repeated reports.

First accusation Refers to the unit or individual since the letter, visit form to report national staff illegal or suspected of criminal offences. Does not include the number of repeated charges.

First appeal Complaints in the form of letters and visits that refuse to accept the decision of the people’s procuratorate or the judgment or ruling of the people’s court. Does not include repeated complaints.

Send it to the procuratorate Refers to the people’s procuratorate to accept the report, complaint and appeal cases, after examination, according to different situations, or directly handled by the complaint department, or transferred to the relevant business departments of our hospital, or transferred to other people’s procuratorates.

Jinguo Wenminggang Refers to the creation of "Women’s Civilization Post", which is to meet the needs of the socialist market economy and serve the overall situation of national reform, development and stability, and is organized by the All-China Women’s Federation.24Several ministries and commissions initiated and launched a mass spiritual civilization creation activity aimed at encouraging women to strive for excellence, make contributions to their posts and become talents.

Wuhao civilized family It refers to "patriotism and law-abiding, enthusiasm for public welfare", "learning and enterprising, loving their posts and being dedicated to their work", "equality between men and women, respecting the old and loving the young", "changing customs, having fewer children and being good", "managing the family diligently and protecting the environment", and the selection conditions are the best among the best.

Number of parent schools of various types In order to further promote the healthy development of family education, spread the advanced concepts of family education, and help parents master the scientific knowledge and teaching methods of family education, according to the requirements of parents of children of different ages and parents of children with special needs, the number of various types of parent schools and the number of broadcast parent schools run on radio and television. These schools have played a very good role in improving the quality of parents and the level of family education. The school is required to have institutions, fixed venues and teachers, teaching materials, assessment, annual work plans and complete files.

Chunlei primary school Refers to schools built or rebuilt with donations from China Children’s and Teenagers’ Fund, including schools built with donations from women’s federations at all levels.

Mother water cellar Refers to the water cellar built by the China Women’s Development Foundation to help mothers and children in the arid areas of western China solve the drinking water problem and raise funds from all walks of life.

Mother health express It refers to the medical ambulance undertaken by the China Women’s Development Foundation and donated by all sectors of society to help women and children in poverty-stricken areas in the west solve the problem of medical treatment.

　　Near the end of the year, many real estate projects started more discount promotion activities in order to withdraw funds as soon as possible, which triggered the dissatisfaction of some pre-purchase owners.

　　In this regard, the relevant government departments in different cities have given completely different responses, which are basically divided into two factions — —

　　Some government departments have recently stated that they will not interfere with the independent price adjustment of real estate, and some government departments in some cities still say that they will talk to real estate enterprises to avoid their price reduction behavior disrupting market order.

　　In fact, from the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023, under the downward pressure of the property market, many real estate enterprises have tried to promote sales through price reduction, while many local governments will stabilize market prices through a paper "limit order".

　　An obvious change now is that the local government’s restrictions on the price reduction of new houses are being liberalized. Some experts told CBN that the "limit order" in some places has long been unbearable. In order to clear the warehouse and withdraw funds, housing enterprises will operate various names to secretly reduce prices and avoid the "limit order". The gradual cancellation of the "limit order" will help the market restore liquidity to a certain extent.

　　Two options

　　In the past month, new commercial housing in several hot cities began a new round of price reduction, which caused some owners’ dissatisfaction and complaints.

　　The First Financial Reporter saw at the "Hanshan Wenzhong" forum hosted by the Suzhou Municipal Government that some netizens complained recently that the price reduction rate of Poly Yunshang Streamer Project in Xiangcheng District of Suzhou was originally 20% off, and then it was directly reduced to 75% off, and the total price dropped from more than 2.2 million to 2.1 million yuan. "In less than two months, the price was reduced by 100,000 to 200,000 yuan." The netizen also questioned that there is such a large price reduction in the short term of the auction property, which may affect the delivery quality behind it.

　　Regarding this complaint, the Eighth Branch of Suzhou Xiangcheng District Market Supervision Administration responded: "The simple discount promotion behavior does not violate the relevant provisions of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) Price Law."

　　On the "Leadership Message Board" forum hosted by People’s Daily Online, there are many similar complaints.

　　Some netizens in Huizhou, Guangdong Province said on the "Leadership Message Board": "The developers of new houses in Daya Bay maliciously cut prices, and the market is completely chaotic, which will only be more unsalable." The netizen said that in the past, the price limit of new houses in Daya Bay should not exceed 10% on the basis of the filing price, and the discount on group purchase price should not be lower than 20%. However, many properties engaged in price competition, and the market showed a discount of 30% or even lower. "When the old owner bought a house, the interest rate was ridiculously high. The total interest was several hundred thousand yuan more than what he bought now. There was nowhere to complain, and the house had not been closed, and the house price lost several hundred thousand."

　　Regarding this netizen’s complaint, the Housing Management Bureau of Huizhou Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone replied in November this year: "The problem of price reduction sales is a matter of independent market adjustment, which is determined by developers and enterprises according to the influence of market factors. Regarding preferential compensation and refund for check-out, we suggest that you can negotiate with the development enterprise according to the agreement signed by both parties. If negotiation fails, you can safeguard your legitimate rights and interests through legal channels. "

　　Judging from the above response, the attitude of the relevant departments in Xiangcheng District of Suzhou and Daya Bay Economic and Technological Development Zone of Huizhou is "returning the market to the market", and the government departments no longer interfere too much in the pricing of new houses.

　　However, other local government departments have different responses.

　　For example, on November 11th this year, a property buyer in Jiaxing, Zhejiang complained on People’s Daily Online’s "Leadership Message Board" that the local outstanding Xiuchen Huafu had drastically reduced its price, and the developer used the name of "Double Eleven" to significantly reduce the price and promote sales, and gave the buyer a huge discount of 200,000 yuan in cash by using internal employees to purchase their own houses and work to arrive at the house, which "seriously disrupted the new house market and harmed the interests of early buyers".

　　The Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Xiuzhou District, Jiaxing responded to this netizen, saying: Regarding this situation, our bureau has conducted an interview with the local government on the development enterprise, asking the enterprise to avoid the behavior that seriously disrupts the new house sales market, and at the same time, our bureau will further strengthen the quality and fund supervision of the project to ensure the normal project.

　　On November 22nd and 24th this year, many Chengdu residents reported on the online mass work platform in Sichuan Province that the price of the Poly COFCO Huguang Jinyun Project in the East New District of Chengdu was "maliciously reduced to disrupt the market", and the licensed price of the project was 15,000-17,000 yuan/square meter, but it was later sold at an average price of 9,000 yuan/square meter, with a drop of more than 40%.

　　The Management Committee of Chengdu East New District immediately responded that the Public Service Bureau of the district had verified the situation. The Huguang Jinyun project was suspected of disturbing the normal order of the real estate market due to excessive price fluctuations, and it was temporarily unable to apply for online signing and filing.

　　More than 20 cities have issued "limit orders"

　　Some cities began to relax the "limit" requirement for new houses, which is a new trend recently.

　　From the second half of 2021 to the first half of 2023, under the downward pressure of the property market, many properties tried to promote sales through price reduction, but they waited for a "limit order" from the local government.

　　According to incomplete statistics, at least 22 cities (or districts) including Heze, Shandong, Yueyang, Hunan, Kunming, Hebei, Tangshan, Shenyang, Liaoning, Jiangyin, Jiangsu and Zhuzhou, Hunan have issued relevant regulations, requiring new commercial housing not to be sold at a reduced price at will.

　　For example, in June 2022, many departments of Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Zone in Fujian jointly issued the Notice on Further Standardizing the Order of Commercial Housing Sales Market in the Experimental Zone, which mentioned that when selling commercial housing, the actual sales price of real estate development enterprises should not exceed 15% of the filing price, and if it exceeds the prescribed range, it will not be filed for online signing.

　　In other cities, the limit of decline is even less, only 5% lower than the filing price. At the end of March, 2023, the Hefei Municipal People’s Government replied to the buyers in the "Leadership Message Board", saying: According to the Price Law, the Notice on Forwarding the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Provisions on Clearly Marking the Price of Commercial Housing in Anhui Province, and the General Office of Hefei Municipal Government’s Opinions on Further Promoting the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market in Hefei, the price of commercial housing is regulated by the market, and the government price management department does not directly approve the price of commercial housing. Enterprises in accordance with the "one room, one price" for the record, according to the record price for publicity and external sales. The downward range of the actual sales price of commercial housing shall not exceed 5% of the filing price. If it exceeds 5%, it is necessary to re-apply for price change procedures through the "house price online filing system".

　　At that time, the Development and Reform Commission of Feixi County, Hefei ordered the company to suspend the sale at a reduced price, and it must re-apply for price change procedures before it can be listed for sale.

　　Suzhou, which has recently led the new trend of "relaxing the price limit of new houses", was punished for reducing the price of real estate just over half a year ago, which once triggered a heated discussion.

　　In May this year, two properties in Kunshan, Suzhou — — Mengzhiyue Garden Project and Shangbin Garden Project were punished by local government departments in Kunshan for "selling at a large price without authorization". The two projects were required to be rectified immediately, and the online sign was temporarily closed. "Bad behavior" was recorded in the annual credit file.

　　Expert: canceling the "limit order" is conducive to market liquidity.

　　“‘ Limit the decline ’ Or ‘ Insured price ’ This is a difficult multi-party game. " A senior person from a large real estate company in East China told the First Financial Reporter.

　　The source said that many real estate developers who have worked for a long time have experienced the cycle of real estate price increase. At that time, it was easy to sell houses, and customers would come to the door themselves. The marketing department also had to introduce various rules to screen customers. He believes that the real estate project will eventually come to the step of drastically reducing prices and promoting sales, which is bound to be a helpless move. "The project may have faced long-term unsalable sales, or the group may have difficulties in funds, and issued instructions to quickly destock and withdraw funds. This is the market difference and the effect of the superposition of problems in the capital chain of housing enterprises."

　　"Generally speaking, in a region, several projects on sale at the same time are competing products. In this market environment, it is possible for the first to cut prices to run first, attracting customers who are interested in buying houses in the region, and the remaining projects are very difficult to do. There is basically no market with no price reduction. If you follow the trend of price reduction, the market atmosphere will be worse and a vicious circle will occur." He said.

　　For some places, the price reduction of housing enterprises is no longer restricted. He believes that in the past, most local governments had the idea of "stabilizing housing prices and stabilizing land prices", so they will control the price of new houses to remain stable. However, if the "limit order" has been implemented for a long time, the market has not improved, and local governments will consider handing over prices to the market for regulation.

　　Regarding the relaxation of the price limit of new houses, a salesperson of a first-tier real estate enterprise in Suzhou told reporters: "The first ones that drastically cut prices are the ones that are just needed. Customers are very sensitive to prices, and the price reduction strategy is more effective for them. However, for improved real estate, the price is difficult to drop, and price reduction means lowering the standard, so the situation of quality real estate in this environment is rather embarrassing. "

　　The source said that as far as she knows, some housing enterprises are facing serious capital turnover problems by the end of the year, and there is no better way to inform subsidiaries to clear their positions and withdraw funds as soon as possible.

　　Lu Wenxi, a senior analyst of Zhongyuan Real Estate, believes that although many places have issued "limit orders" in the past, after a long time, everyone found that "limit orders" could not really control the price reduction behavior of housing enterprises. "For example, some local governments stipulate that the discount rate of real estate should not exceed 15% of the filing price. Although real estate enterprises claim not to discount in actual operation, there are many other names, such as sending property management fees for several years, sending parking spaces, and even sending gold and cash to real estate enterprises. In fact, the limit order has already been ‘ In name only ’ 。”

　　For many homeowners who have complained about the sharp price cuts of real estate enterprises, Lu Wenxi believes that buyers need to have the spirit of contract and be responsible for their own investment behavior.

　　"After buying a house, the owner found that the house price has fallen and asked the government not to let the developer reduce the price. This request is unreasonable. The local government’s protection of the rights and interests of buyers should be reflected in urging housing enterprises to ensure that the houses are delivered on time and in good quality, instead of going to ceiling price. " Lu Wenxi told the First Financial Reporter.

　　He believes that many local governments have liberalized the price of new houses in order to maintain the liquidity of the real estate market. "If we blindly limit the price reduction of real estate enterprises, the market will be completely illiquid and completely frozen, but it will bring more problems and contradictions. Therefore, at this stage, we should let the market play its price adjustment mechanism and let the transaction volume climb up, so that the real estate sales end can recover."

　　Beijing, July 10 (Reporter Li Jinlei) According to data released by the National Bureau of Statistics on the 10th, the consumer price index (CPI) rose by 2.7% year-on-year in June. So far, the CPI increase has exceeded 2% for four consecutive months. Among them, the price of fruit rose by more than 40%, and the price of pig rose by more than 20%, which was the main reason for the increase of CPI in June. Experts predict that May and June will be the high point of CPI for the whole year, and then it will fall back.

　　CPI rose by more than 2% for four consecutive months.

　　Driven by the sharp rise in the prices of pork, fruit and other foods, the CPI increase in June was the same as that in May, and it continued to maintain the "2 era". So far, the year-on-year increase of CPI has exceeded 2% for four consecutive months since March this year.

　　In June, CPI rose by 2.7% year-on-year. It is basically consistent with the expectations of previous market institutions. Wind information data shows that the average forecast value of 20 research institutions for the year-on-year increase of CPI in June is 2.7%. Among them, the predicted maximum value is 2.9% and the minimum value is 2.5%.

　　Cao Heping, a professor at Peking University University of Economics, told Zhongxin.com that the price increase did not continue to expand in June, mainly because the price increase of vegetables declined.

　　The data shows that from the ring comparison, the CPI changed from flat last month to a decrease of 0.1%. In food, a large number of fresh vegetables were listed, and the price dropped by 9.7%, which affected the CPI by about 0.25 percentage points. On a year-on-year basis, the price of fresh vegetables rose by 4.2%, 9.1 percentage points lower than last month.

　　The prices of fruits and pork rose sharply.

　　The sharp rise in the prices of fruits and pork is regarded as the "culprit" for the continued rise in prices in June.

　　According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the price of fresh fruit rose by 42.7%, which affected the CPI by about 0.71 percentage points. Pork prices rose by 21.1%, affecting CPI by about 0.45 percentage points.

　　Why do the prices of fruits and pork soar? Dong Yaxiu, director of the Urban Department of the National Bureau of Statistics, said that the price of fresh fruit rose by 42.7%, an increase of 16.0 percentage points over the previous month, which affected the increase of CPI by about 0.71 percentage points. In addition to climate and other factors, the lower price in the same period last year was also one of the reasons for the increase.

　　From the ring comparison, the centralized listing prices of fruits such as watermelon and peach decreased, but the prices of apples and pears continued to rise and the increase was relatively high. In addition, the heavy precipitation in some parts of the south affected the picking and transportation, and the prices of pitaya and pineapple rose. The national fresh fruit price rose by 5.1%, which affected the CPI increase by about 0.11 percentage points. At present, the price level is at a historical high.

　　Cao Heping believes that in addition to seasonal factors, the rising cost of fruit packaging is also the reason for the soaring fruit price. In addition to the tight supply caused by African swine fever, the increase in pork prices is also an important reason.

　　Wang Bin, deputy director of the Marketing Department of the Ministry of Commerce, said recently that the main producing areas of apples and pears suffered from abnormal weather last year, resulting in a significant decline in output; The continuous rainy weather in some parts of the south this spring has had a certain impact on vegetable production. Some of them are influenced by non-market factors. For example, due to the African swine fever epidemic, the number of live pigs has declined to some extent.

　　Will the prices of fruits and pork continue to soar?

　　For ordinary people, the most concerned question is, will the prices of fruits and pork continue to rise in the next period of time?

　　Cao Heping believes that with the influence of seasonality, weather, disasters and other factors decreasing, the logistics cost will decrease, and it is expected that the price increase of fruits and pork will gradually decrease.

　　Lian Ping, chief economist of Bank of Communications, analyzed that at present, the number of live pigs and the number of fertile sows are still declining rapidly, and the rising cycle of pork prices has been formed, which will still be an important factor driving CPI to rise in the second half of the year.

　　Wang Bin said that recently, with the temperature rising, a large number of seasonal vegetables and fruits have been put on the market, and the prices of fruits and vegetables have generally shown a downward trend, and the increase of pork prices has also slowed down compared with the previous period.

　　According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce, from June 24th to June 30th, the average wholesale prices of 30 kinds of vegetables in 36 large and medium-sized cities nationwide decreased by 3.7% compared with the beginning of June, and by 11.9% compared with the beginning of May. The average wholesale prices of 6 kinds of fruits monitored dropped by 0.2% compared with the previous week, and the increase of pork prices dropped by 3.3 percentage points.

　　What is the price trend in the second half of the year?

　　Statistics from the National Bureau of Statistics show that CPI rose by 2.2% in the first half of the year, so what will be the price trend in the second half of the year?

　　Lian Ping said that considering the steady decline of non-food prices and core CPI, it shows that the pulling effect of total demand on prices is not obvious, and there is no significant inflation risk in the economy.

　　Lian Ping believes that the obvious decline of CPI hikes in the second half of the year and the effect of VAT tax reduction will, to some extent, offset the impact of rising pork prices on the year-on-year increase of CPI. It is expected that there will be no problem in controlling the average year-on-year increase of CPI within 2.5%.

　　Lu Yanchun, director of the price monitoring center of the National Development and Reform Commission, had predicted that May and June of this year would be the high point of CPI for the whole year, and then it would fall back and there might be a slight rebound at the end of the year. (End)

National Covid-19 vaccine

The vaccination work is being carried out in an orderly manner.

Recently,

When some citizens went to vaccinate, they found that,

A bottle of vaccine can be used by two people,

Is it the wrong number?

Is this standard operation?

On May 11th, Guangdong CDC responded: Don’t worry! This is a two-person packaged COVID-19 vaccine that has just come on the market, and one bottle can be used by two people.

△ Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Zeguo photo

What is a two-person package?

COVID-19 vaccine?

Two-person package means that one vaccine can inoculate two people, and each bottle is 1.0 ml (dosage for two people), and the dosage for each person is 0.5ml. The vaccine packaged for 2 people is exactly the same as the vaccine packaged for 1 person, except that the packaging color and filling dose are different, which does not affect the individual vaccination effect.

In fact, many vaccines are packaged in multiple doses. For example, the BCG vaccine vaccinated in obstetrics at birth is packaged in five doses, the live attenuated polio vaccine (drops) in children’s immunization program is packaged in ten doses, the group A meningococcal vaccine vaccinated at the age of six months is packaged in five doses, and the diphtheria vaccine vaccinated at the age of six is packaged in four doses.

Therefore, whether it is the vaccination effect of the vaccine or the doctor’s operation technology, everyone does not need to worry, and can be vaccinated with confidence.

△ Source: Xinhua News Agency

2-person packaged vaccine

What are the advantages?

Vaccine supply guarantee is the key factor to actively and steadily promote vaccination in Covid-19. At present, the production capacity of Covid-19 vaccine in China is greatly influenced by filling and packaging. With the approval of relevant state departments, COVID-19 vaccine manufacturers will successively produce a single COVID-19 vaccine packaged for two people.

Two-person packaging can improve the production efficiency and supply of vaccines, so that more people can get vaccinated as soon as possible, especially suitable for large-scale vaccination at present.

2-person packaged vaccine

Do you want two shots, too?

Like the vaccination procedure for a single dose, the vaccine packaged for two people needs to be vaccinated twice in the whole process, and the interval between the two doses is suggested to be greater than or equal to 3 weeks (21 days), and the second dose should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks (56 days).

The first shot was a single shot,

Can the second injection be used for two people?

The Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention said that it can be vaccinated. At present, all Covid-19 vaccines used in Guangdong are inactivated vaccines. If the first shot is inactivated vaccine, no matter whether the manufacturer is Beijing Kexing or China Bio, two doses of inactivated vaccine can be selected for the second shot.

△ Source: Xinhua News Agency

At present,

The national cumulative report of vaccination against Covid-19 vaccine.

It has exceeded 300 million doses!

However, on May 8th, Zhong Nanshan, an academician of China Academy of Engineering, said by video that China, as a populous country, has withstood the first stage of the epidemic since the COVID-19 epidemic occurred more than a year ago, but it can’t be ignored. "Now the global epidemic situation is still very grim, and the vaccination rate of China vaccine is still not high, which is far from universal immunization, so we still need to attach great importance to it and guard against the risk of importing the epidemic."

At present, the global epidemic situation in COVID-19 has not ended, and some countries have even lost control of the epidemic situation. We are always exposed to the risk of the epidemic situation and are always affected by imported cases. Therefore, timely vaccination is the safest, most efficient and most economical way to realize group immunity.

Five Domestic COVID-19 Vaccines

Approved conditional listing or emergency use

Beijing Bio-COVID-19 Vaccine, a national medicine, stands out from the encirclement and is the first to be certified by the World Organization. It is also the only inactivated vaccine among the six approved vaccines.

At the beginning of the epidemic, China laid out five technical routes for vaccine research and development: inactivated vaccine, adenovirus vector vaccine, gene recombination vaccines, attenuated influenza virus vector vaccine and nucleic acid vaccine. At present, three Covid-19 vaccines produced by five manufacturers have been approved for conditional marketing or emergency use.

Three kinds of inactivated vaccines

It was produced by Sinopharm Group China Bio-Beijing Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Beijing Institute), Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd. (Wuhan Institute) and Beijing Kexing Zhongwei Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Kexing Zhongwei) respectively. The main principle is to use African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells to culture and amplify the virus, inactivate the virus by β-propiolactone, retain antigen components to induce immune response, and add aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to improve immunogenicity. The vaccine needs 2 doses, and the interval between the two doses is recommended to be ≥3 weeks, and the second dose should be completed as soon as possible within 8 weeks.

An adenovirus vector vaccine

Produced by Kangxinuo Bio-Co., Ltd., the principle is to recombine the spike glycoprotein (S protein) gene of the new coronavirus into the replication-deficient human adenovirus type 5 gene, and the recombinant adenovirus expresses Covid-19 S protein antigen in vivo to induce immune response, and the vaccine only needs one dose.

A recombinant subunit vaccine

Produced by Anhui Zhifeilong Kema Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., the principle is to recombine the new coronavirus S protein receptor binding region (RBD) gene into China hamster ovary (CHO) cell gene, express it in vitro to form RBD dimer, and add aluminum hydroxide adjuvant to improve immunogenicity.

The vaccine needs 3 doses, and the interval between two adjacent doses is recommended to be ≥4 weeks. The second dose should be completed within 8 weeks after the first dose, and the third dose should be completed within 6 months after the first dose.

Point sharing

Point collection

Click like

Original title: "One COVID-19 vaccine hits 2 people, is it wrong? Guangdong CDC responded! 》

Read the original text

1905 movie network news　The film Midnight Food Store, which will be released nationwide on August 30th and directed by Tony Leung Ka Fai for the first time, today released a behind-the-scenes special edition of "Master as a Cloud", which revealed the identity of the master of the stars. The uncle who cooks in the canteen is actually the film director Tony Leung Ka Fai, obviously Vision Wei, who is a taxi driver and also a part-time mechanic. Yang Shining, an amateur boxer, pays attention to his career and love, while Eddie Peng Yuyan, a fitness coach, teaches people to fight boxing without lifting iron. … … Seemingly ordinary people have unusual master skills, only to stay in Midnight Food Store to stage strength tricks. The tidbits and stills exposed at the same time truly show the behind-the-scenes state of the stars’ dedicated preparation for the play, and the degree of professionalism can be seen.

The film is adapted from the Japanese comic book of the same name in Misaki Arai, starring Tony Leung Ka Fai, Vision Wei, Junyan Jiao, Zheng Xinyi, Zhang Yishang, Jin Shijia, Jin Yanling, Feng Cuifan, Zhang Li, Liang Jingkang, Du Yuchen and Wang Jingwen, with Deng Chao as the special star, Yang Youning, Peng Yuxi, Liu Tao, Zhang Yibai, Chen Jianzhou, Hao Ping, Jiang Wenli and Wu Ting.

　

Master Diners Fancy Skills Exhibition, multi-faceted stars, super-dedicated, trying to figure out the details, "colorful and tasteful" crew

Since the official announcement of the film "Midnight Food Store", every release of materials has tried to bring warmth and encouragement to the audience, but this special edition of "Master as a Cloud" has aimed the camera behind the scenes, showing all the "colorful flavor" of the crew. Vision Wei plays a taxi driver in Tang and Song Dynasties, and learned auto repair for a living; Yang Shining starred as an amateur boxer, open source, a muscle to engage in career, but also part-time love; Eddie Peng Yuyan plays a fitness instructor, but he still needs to play in person … … Every ordinary diner who visits Midnight Food Store bears multiple "master" identities, and the change of identities is a challenge to acting skills, and the handsome appearance displayed by the strong bodies of the actors greatly enhances the good-looking "chroma" of the film.

This time, in addition to showing the many faces of the characters in the film in more detail, the tidbits and stills exposed at the same time will also disclose the real state behind the scenes of the main creators. Vision Wei, who followed the director and carefully tried to figure out the deductive method, was extremely focused; Yang Shining, who is doing push-ups in the boxing ring for drama exercise, is sweating all over; Eddie Peng Yuyan, staring at the video, looked serious with his head down … … Serious faces are enough to show the dedication of the actors. The story can arouse the audience’s emotions by strong contradictions and conflicts, but the actual feeling of "warmth" needs to be conveyed by details again and again. In order to figure out the details, the actors constantly adjust their deductive methods behind the scenes, striving to present the most natural screen state and bring the "flavor" of the film to the extreme.

Tony Leung Ka Fai studio personally tried to train the actors, and the big coffee in the entertainment circle helped out.

Midnight Food Store is the first film directed by Tony Leung Ka Fai. In order to better present the content of the film, Tony Leung Ka Fai, as a director, relies on many years’ experience in interpretation, and personally performs every audition, and splits the details for the actors’ guidance. In the special video, whether you are in the dining hall, explaining the deductive methods with Vision Wei and Zhang Yi again and again, or giving a demonstration in the boxing ring and bringing Yang Shining into the play, all of them show the seriousness and dedication of Tony Leung Ka Fai after his identity has changed into a director, while Tony Leung Ka Fai’s unpretentious and approachable way of treating people has attracted more entertainers to join us.

Through the special edition, we can see that Jin Yanling, Feng Cuifan, Jiang Wenli and other powerful actors in the industry have all played heavily, while in the tidbits, we are even more surprised to find the figure of the famous director Zhang Yibai, and the two directors, Tony Leung Ka Fai and Zhang Yibai, have joined forces to pose as boxers, which shows the deep relationship between the two directors. However, after filming in Eddie Peng Yuyan studio, we joked that we should "pay the tuition fee at the front desk", which also showed the relaxed and harmonious shooting atmosphere in the studio intuitively. It is precisely because of the warm atmosphere naturally formed between people in the crew that the film characters get along with each other more warmly, so that the audience can finally get peace of mind at the moment of watching movies.

The movie "Midnight Food Store" will be released nationwide on August 30th, 2019, waiting for you.

　　People’s Daily (August 14, 2023, 09 edition)

　　The Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation, and the pursuit of peace, harmony and harmony is deeply rooted in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Chinese civilization has outstanding peace, which fundamentally determines that China has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of the international order.". A profound understanding of the outstanding peace of Chinese civilization is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the long-lasting and continuous development process of Chinese civilization, for taking the road of peaceful development today and promoting the construction of a community of human destiny. This academic edition focuses on "Chinese civilization has outstanding peace".

　　— — Editor

　　Deeply understand the outstanding peace of Chinese civilization (on academic balance)

　　Wang Jie

　　Chinese civilization with a history of more than 5,000 years has always advocated peace. The pursuit of peace, harmony and harmony is deeply rooted in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. In his important speech at the forum on cultural inheritance and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "Chinese civilization has outstanding peace". In Chinese civilization, the concepts of "harmony is the most important", "harmony without difference", "good neighbors", "world peace" and "world harmony" have been passed down from generation to generation. Peace is the essence of Chinese civilization, the deep spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation and the inevitable requirement of building a better world.

　　Many elements shape the peace of Chinese civilization.

　　Throughout the ages, the Chinese nation has a position and influence in the world, not by belligerence or external expansion, but by the powerful appeal and attraction of Chinese culture. Chinese excellent traditional culture is the wisdom crystallization of Chinese civilization, and its many elements jointly shape the peace of Chinese civilization.

　　The spiritual pursuit of being virtuous and carrying things, being virtuous and being broad-minded provides spiritual support for shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. The Book of Changes says: "The terrain is vast, and a gentleman carries things with kindness", which means that the momentum of the earth is generous and smooth, and a gentleman should treat people and things all over the world with generosity. At the beginning of "University", it is said that "the way of university is to show virtue clearly", and in "The Analects of Confucius", it is said that "people can spread Taoism, but not Taoism", which inspires people to carry forward the aboveboard virtue and consciously carry forward the "Tao". This spiritual pursuit of being virtuous, caring for others, and being virtuous and broad-minded, through the practice and inheritance of Chinese sons and daughters and the long history, has formed the interpersonal relationship principle of "don’t do to others what you don’t want them to do to you" and "push yourself and others if you want to achieve it", and constructed a world with moral order.

　　The social ideal of "the world is public and the world is harmonious" provides an ideal support for shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. The Book of Rites says: "A trip to the main road is also a public service." "People don’t only kiss their relatives, they don’t only have their sons and daughters, so that they can have a good old age, be strong and useful, and those who are proud, widowed, lonely, independent and disabled will be provided for." "So they seek closure but don’t prosper, and they steal thieves and don’t do it, so they don’t close their doors. The ancients in China said that "the world is not dominated by one person, so is the world" and "within the four seas, all men are brothers". They believed that "the world" is not dominated by individuals, countries and ethnic groups, but by all people, countries and ethnic groups, expressing the desire and ideal that all people, countries and ethnic groups should treat each other as equals, get along well with each other and help each other.

　　The way of communicating with others, caring for others and being kind to neighbors, has provided practical support for shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. "Strengthening Faith and Forgiveness" comes from the Book of Rites and Liyun, which is about keeping faith with each other and establishing a harmonious relationship. "Kindness and Kindness to Neighbors" comes from Zuo Zhuan’s Six Years of Seclusion, which is about being close to benevolence and being friendly to neighboring countries. This is the general plan for governing the country. Chinese civilization is a great civilization that advocates faithfulness, harmony, benevolence and friendliness. Between individuals, groups, nations and countries, it is the way of life and communication formed by the Chinese nation based on the pursuit of the ideal of great harmony with Mingde. The Silk Road is the fruit of this kind of communication, which is based on faith, friendship and good neighborliness. More than 100 years BC, China began to open up the Silk Road to the Western Regions. China and the ancestors on the Eurasian continent braved difficulties and explored and opened up a number of trade and cultural exchange channels connecting Asia, Europe and Africa. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shen Yue said in the Book of Song that "boats and ships follow the road, and merchants and envoys make friends", which recorded the lively scenes and prosperity of merchants and envoys on the Silk Road. The Silk Road spirit of peaceful cooperation, openness, tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit has been passed down from generation to generation. Today, China and the countries and regions that have jointly established the Belt and Road Initiative have strengthened interconnection, sought common prosperity and development, and endowed the new era connotation with the way of upholding faith, repairing friendship, and being kind to neighbors.

　　Other important elements of Chinese excellent traditional culture have also played an important role in jointly shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. For example, the ecological concept of harmony between man and nature, the philosophical thought of seeking truth from facts, the unity of knowledge and action, and the thinking method of adhering to two purposes and keeping the middle to achieve harmony have all contributed to the formation of an open, inclusive, peaceful and upright civilization of Chinese civilization beyond the constraints of local culture, blood lineage and religious beliefs.

　　The peace of Chinese civilization has rich and profound connotations.

　　Harmony is one of the core values of Chinese civilization. In a certain sense, Chinese civilization is a kind of "harmony" civilization. The spiritual ideal of Chinese civilization is peaceful and firm, broad-minded and open-minded, and has a deep concern for the fate of mankind. The peace of Chinese civilization has rich and profound connotations.

　　Advocate caution against war. Historically, China has long been one of the most powerful countries in the world, but it has never colonized or invaded other countries. In Zuo Zhuan, it is said that "stopping fighting is martial arts", which means that stopping fighting is martial arts, and stopping fighting is the real martial arts. The true meaning of "martial arts" is to eliminate wars and stabilize the people. At the beginning of the Art of War, Sun Tzu said: "A soldier is a major event of the country, a place of death and life, and a way of survival." He advocated caution against war. The first article of Sima Fa, which is also an early work on the art of war, is Benevolence, the core idea of which is that the principle of benevolence should be implemented in war, and "Although the country is big, belligerence will die" comes from this. Chinese has long understood the role of peace in safeguarding civilization and the destructive role of war in civilization. Believing in the law of the jungle, bullying the weak by the strong and militarising the armed forces will surely lead to extinction. For thousands of years, peace has been deeply branded in the characteristics of Chinese civilization, carved into the genes of Chinese children and integrated into the blood of the Chinese nation.

　　Advocate mutual coordination. From peace and harmony to harmony and harmony, Chinese’s exploration of "harmony" is not only reflected in the relationship between war and peace, but also goes deep into the laws of nature and the development of human society to understand "harmony". "He who is in harmony can achieve the Tao in the world" and "To achieve harmony, the status of heaven and everything can be nurtured". Both nature and human society should pursue the ideal realm and perfect order of "harmony" through coordinated development. The key to realize the harmony between man and nature lies in "harmony between man and nature"; To achieve harmony between people, the key lies in mutual respect; To achieve human harmony, it is necessary to achieve physical and mental coordination, and to improve one’s personality and morality through practice and introspection.

　　Advocate symbiosis. Chinese’s "harmony" is not exactly the same and unchanged, and it does not pursue a single, static and undifferentiated harmony, but on the basis of respecting the diversity and differences of things, it achieves a higher level of harmony and unity through mutual coordination and interaction. "On Mencius Teng Wengong" said: "The husband and things are not uniform, and the feelings of things are also." Warn people not to treat the differences of things simply and rudely, and not to force them to be eliminated. The Analects of Confucius Zi Lu said: "Gentlemen are harmonious but different, while villains are the same but not harmonious". "Harmony without difference" pursues internal harmony and friendliness, rather than superficial similarity and consistency, which is the basic law of symbiosis between individuals and groups of human beings. It can be seen that the spirit of "harmony" is a kind of recognition of others, respect for differences and tolerance of dissidents, so as to achieve common ground while reserving differences and harmonious coexistence.

　　Advocate traffic harmony. The Book of Changes says: "Heaven and earth meet and everything is connected, and the upper and lower sides meet and have the same aspirations", which means that only when heaven and earth meet with Yin and Yang can everything be born and raised smoothly; Only by communicating with the whole society can we share the same interests. "Zhuangzi Tian Zifang" said: "The traffic between them is harmonious, but things are endless". The ancients in China believed that only by opening communication can we develop, progress and be full of vitality, and achieve a state of "harmony". The Book of Rites says: "Learning alone without friends is ignorant". In the Book of Changes, it is said that "a gentleman teaches with friends", which is intended to encourage friends to learn from each other, learn from each other, and benefit from each other. Chinese civilization is a civilization that grows on the land of China, and it is also a civilization formed by continuous exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations. Chinese civilization always upholds a peaceful and inclusive attitude towards other civilizations, instead of rejecting, confronting and conquering, and draws on the strengths of different civilizations through active dialogue and exchange, so as to achieve innovation and transcendence through reference and absorption. This wisdom of "harmony" enables Chinese civilization to develop and grow continuously.

　　Lay a solid historical foundation for promoting the building of a community of human destiny.

　　The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of the international order, which has laid a solid historical foundation and provided abundant cultural nourishment for China to unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and promote the building of a community of human destiny in the new era.

　　The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been a builder of world peace. Chinese civilization has been inheriting the ideas of loving peace, advocating harmony and pursuing harmony for more than five thousand years. Since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago, China has never initiated any war or conflict, nor occupied an inch of other countries’ land. China actively participates in the process of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, opposes the arms race and maintains global strategic balance and stability. It is a permanent member of the Security Council with the largest number of peacekeepers and the second largest peacekeeping contributor to the United Nations. China adheres to true multilateralism and plays a constructive role in global security governance. Looking back at the history of the world, some countries invaded, colonized and plundered in the process of modernization, which brought deep suffering to the people of developing countries. China does not follow the old road of imperialism and colonialism, does not copy the development model of western countries, does not rely on colonial plunder, and does not pass on contradictions. Through independence and hard struggle, and through mutual learning and win-win cooperation with other countries, it has achieved the miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability that has attracted worldwide attention on the road of peaceful development, which has opened a brand-new page in the history of human modernization and made important contributions to the exploration of human modernization.

　　The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been a contributor to global development. For more than 5,000 years, Chinese civilization has been inheriting the ideas of great harmony, coexistence and harmonious transportation. Today, China, as a big country that promotes common global development, carries forward these ideas. China unswervingly adheres to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, pursues an open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win, adheres to the correct direction of economic globalization, and constantly provides new opportunities for the world with the new development of China. We will increase investment in resources for global development cooperation, firmly support and help developing countries to accelerate their development, jointly cultivate new kinetic energy for global development, jointly create an international environment conducive to development, and promote the construction of an open world economy. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road. Building the Belt and Road has become a popular platform for international public goods and international cooperation, which has effectively enhanced China’s ability to open up to the outside world, the resilience and vitality of building a new paradigm of national development and international cooperation, and injected more strong momentum into global development.

　　The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been the defender of the international order. "those who talk about the world must follow the public of the world." The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization determines that China can think about the future and destiny of mankind from the perspective of the overall interests of mankind, adhere to unity and cooperation, and never engage in a small circle of "sharing the same party and cutting differences". China adheres to true multilateralism, firmly upholds the international system with the United Nations at the core, the international order based on international law and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and opposes all forms of unilateralism. We should practice the concept of global governance, actively participate in global governance, promote multilateral mechanisms such as the World Trade Organization and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation to play a better role, expand the influence of cooperation mechanisms such as the BRICS countries and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, enhance the representation and voice of developing countries and emerging market countries in global affairs, and promote the development of the global governance system in a more just and rational direction.

　　Seeking peace and development embodies the wisdom of the Chinese nation’s endless and vigorous development. The outstanding peace of Chinese civilization has given us strong confidence and rich wisdom to take the road of peaceful development and promote the building of a community of human destiny. We should continue to dig deep into the rich connotation of Chinese civilization’s peace, realize creative transformation and innovative development, and put forward more Chinese plans, so as to show greater value and strength on the road of human beings to meet risk challenges and open up a bright future.

　　(The author is a professor at the Philosophy Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National School of Administration))

　　Peace is rooted in the depths of Chinese civilization (academic essay)

　　Han Jianye

　　The Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation and knows the value of peace. Harmony and stability are the way of life of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, peaceful symbiosis is the way of life of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and harmony, benevolence and goodness are the cultural genes of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. In the long-term development, Chinese civilization has formed a unique world view of harmony between man and nature, an international view of harmony with all nations, a harmonious but different social view, a kind moral view of people’s hearts, and a peaceful and just view of war. Peace is rooted in the depths of Chinese civilization.

　　The ancients in China believed that heaven and earth nurtured all things and gave birth to human beings, and that heaven and earth and people were interrelated. The cosmology of the unity of man and nature emphasizes universal connection and holistic thinking, and organically links the way of nature with human ethics. Everything in the universe and human society are both different and a unified whole, and they live in harmony and endlessly. This view of the universe contains cultural genes that conform to nature, fear nature and fear order. Harmony, stability and order are the way of life formed by Chinese ancestors in prehistoric times and have been continuing. For example, archaeological findings show that houses were distributed in rows in the villages of Xinglongwa Culture in the West Liaohe River basin 8,000 years ago, and the doors of Jiangzhai and other villages in Yangshao culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River faced the central square more than 6,000 years ago, all of which showed that the society advocated collective interests and the social order was orderly. Eight thousand years ago, the tombs of Peiligang culture in the Yellow River valley were arranged neatly, and there was a custom of "clan burial", which extended the real social order to the world behind. No matter the orderly arrangement of settlements and tombs, the symmetry of the central axis of the capital city and the composition of ritual vessels, Chinese’s unremitting pursuit of order and stability is reflected.

　　In ancient times, China advocated that all nations in the world live in harmony, live in harmony and symbiosis, do not kill innocent people, and never stop people from offering sacrifices, thus forming an international view of harmony among all nations. For example, after the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, not only merchants’ descendants were granted titles in Song Dynasty, but also after Shennong, Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Yu, which was significantly different from the imperial view of aggression and expansion. Early cultural exchanges between China and the West appeared more than 5,000 years ago. China introduced painted pottery, millet and millet to the west, and also accepted sheep, cattle, wheat and metallurgy from the west. After the opening of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, daily necessities and civilian technologies such as silk, porcelain, papermaking, printing, compass and cast iron technology spread from China to all parts of the west, and the mode of communication was peaceful exchanges and commercial trade rather than wars of aggression. It is a consistent way for the Chinese nation to communicate with other civilizations, learn from each other and live in peace. The development of Chinese civilization is an example that different civilizations have made common progress through mutual dialogue and blending. There are more than 200 countries and regions, more than 2,500 nationalities and many religions in the world today, and different civilizations have their own characteristics and advantages. Only with mutual respect, interdependence, tolerance and mutual learning and common development can human civilization continue to develop and progress.

　　Peace is also an important criterion of China’s ethics and thoughts. Chinese’s pursuit of peace is also reflected in his social outlook and moral outlook. "Harmony with real creatures, the same will not continue", "Gentlemen are harmonious but different, villains are harmonious but not harmonious" and "the beauty of harmony and soup lies in their differences". China has a vast and diverse geographical environment and colorful ethnic cultures, but the early China cultural circle was formed about 6,000 years ago. In the long-term development, all ethnic groups have formed a strong sense of community, common value pursuit and cultural identity, which is the inevitable result of the development of harmonious but different concepts. Only when the five tones are in harmony can there be a melody, and only when the five flavors are in harmony can it become delicious. Harmony without difference is the secret of harmony and stability of human society. Good is like water, and the benevolent loves others. It is the core content of Chinese national virtue to love oneself and family and to love others and society. Peace is combined with the value of "benevolence", and the concept of peace is practiced through caring for others. In the past 2,000 years, China was the largest economy in the world for most of the time, but China did not expand and colonize the outside world, which proved the kindness and friendship of the Chinese nation.

　　Of course, war is sometimes inevitable, and peace does not mean cowardice. The Chinese nation has always adhered to the concept of peace and justice. Chinese knew the truth that "a soldier’s ominous weapon is not a gentleman’s weapon, so he has to use it". The way of civil and military affairs is, the first thing is to write before the martial arts, the first thing is to salute before the soldiers, not to provoke war, and not to be afraid of war. War must come from justice and for peace.

　　Why does Chinese civilization have outstanding peace? There are many reasons, and a deep agricultural foundation is an important soil for peace. It can be said that peace is the internal pursuit of Chinese civilization from the source. Most of China is located in the middle latitude river area with moderate climate, which has good conditions for agricultural development. Agricultural production needs a long period, and long-term and stable social order is needed for seed selection, maintenance of land fertility, preparation of production tools and facilities, construction and maintenance of water conservancy facilities, and inheritance of production experience. In ancient China, there was the largest agricultural area in the world. Coupled with the complementary agricultural structure system of "rice in the south and millet in the north" and the introduction of crops such as wheat, the food source was relatively stable, which laid the foundation for stable settlement and peaceful development. The Chinese ancestors were attached to their homeland, and in most cases, the migration was just the farmers’ reclamation of new farmland, which formed a cultural character of pursuing order, stability, introversion and peace-loving in the long years.

　　Peace can preserve the achievements of civilization for a long time, harmony can make civilization move forward steadily, and peace provides a guarantee for the continuous development of Chinese civilization. Today, we are still on the broad road of peaceful development and have achieved unprecedented development of a very large-scale country in a peaceful way. All the reasons for the success of China’s peaceful development are the light of Chinese civilization wisdom and the combination of our civilization genes and modern spirit. We must always adhere to and constantly activate the gene of peaceful civilization, work hand in hand with all progressive forces, and promote different countries and civilizations to build a community of human destiny on the basis of equality and mutual learning, and open up a better future for human society.

　　(The author is a professor at the School of History, Renmin University of China)

　　Lasting for a long time.

　　Chinese civilization prospers and develops through exchanges and mutual learning.

　　Xing Liju

　　Chinese civilization has outstanding peace, which fundamentally determines that China constantly pursues exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations instead of engaging in cultural hegemony. Civilization is colorful because of communication, and civilization is enriched because of mutual learning. The exchange of civilizations and mutual learning is an important driving force for the continuous development of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, and it is also an important driving force for promoting the progress of human civilization and world peace and development. It is of great significance to grasp the outstanding peace of Chinese civilization and deeply understand the historical tradition of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese civilization and other civilizations for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and promoting world peace and development.

　　Chinese civilization has the traditional genes of openness, tolerance and harmonious symbiosis. Chinese civilization is essentially a "harmonious" civilization, and the Chinese nation inherits and pursues the concept of peace, harmony and harmony. The traditional culture of China believes that everything has its merits, so we should enrich ourselves with the modest attitude of "three people, we must learn from each other". The ancients in China emphasized that "tolerance is great" and "a gentleman carries things with kindness", which reflected the attitude of respecting and accommodating others. China’s ancient politics pursued "the world is one", carried out the political law of "being the best in the world", and upheld the feeling of "helping the world while reaching", which reflected the concern for the world order and human welfare. Harmony requires not only affirming and accepting the diversity of things, but also containing and accepting the differences of things, and integrating different things into a harmonious combination, in order to achieve the realm of "all things are nurtured without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other". Cultural genes precipitated in a long history have laid a solid foundation for Chinese civilization to realize exchanges and mutual learning.

　　Chinese civilization has developed and strengthened through exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations. Since ancient times, Chinese civilization has been famous for its openness and tolerance. It has constantly renewed its vitality in exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations, and achieved innovation and transcendence through learning from others. Zhang Qian opened up the Silk Road in history through the western regions, and opened the door for China to communicate with the outside world westward. Xuanzang went to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures, which promoted the translation and dissemination of Indian Buddhist classics in China. Jian Zhen traveled to Japan and spread the advanced culture of the Tang Dynasty to Japan. Zheng He’s seven voyages to the West promoted the trade and cultural exchanges between China and the West. The ancient Silk Road is an example of civilization exchange and mutual learning. Not only did China’s Confucianism and Taoism gradually spread to the west, but also religious cultures such as Buddhism, which originated in foreign countries, were introduced to China. While highlighting the national characteristics, Chinese civilization absorbs and draws lessons from foreign civilizations with an open mind, and realizes self-growth and innovation in mutual collision and intersection. Cultural and religious exchanges have not only made important contributions to the peaceful development of trade along the route, but also promoted mutual understanding at the humanistic level and in-depth communication at the spiritual level between Chinese and foreign people. It can be said that the exchange of civilizations and mutual learning is an important driving force for the enduring and continuous development of Chinese civilization.

　　Civilization exchange and mutual learning have a profound impact on the concept of civilization of Chinese modernization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Chinese-style modernization is deeply rooted in Chinese excellent traditional culture, embodies the advanced essence of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the development direction of human civilization progress, and shows a new picture different from the western modernization model, which is a brand-new form of human civilization." Chinese-style modernization continues and renews the ancient Chinese civilization, and takes the creation of new forms of human civilization as one of its essential requirements. The unique concept of civilization contained in Chinese modernization not only has the lofty vision of Marxism to liberate all mankind, but also has the broad mind of Chinese civilization to help the world, which itself is the product of civilized exchange and mutual learning. This concept of civilization transcends the western concepts of hegemony, zero-sum game and egoism, and shows a new prospect of civilized development of exchange and mutual learning, win-win cooperation and joint construction and sharing.

　　Civilization exchange and mutual learning is an important force to promote world peace and development. At present, human society is facing unprecedented challenges. The emergence of the theory of "clash of civilizations" and "superiority of civilizations" has aggravated the gap between different civilizations and hindered the exchanges and cooperation of the international community. China put forward the global civilization initiative, actively responded to the universal appeal of the international community for the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations, and led the way forward for the inclusive coexistence of civilizations. Civilized exchanges and mutual learning are the proper meanings for different countries, different nationalities and different cultures to enhance understanding, build mutual trust, build friendship and strengthen cooperation. Every nation in the world has its own cultural blood, and every country has its own origin of civilization. To understand the differences between different civilizations and appreciate the colorful beauty of civilizations, we must not only adhere to our own civilization tradition, but also take an open and inclusive attitude towards other civilizations. Only by strengthening exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations can we eliminate the barriers caused by cultural differences and avoid falling into the trap of clash of civilizations. The Global Civilization Initiative adheres to the concept of civilization of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and tolerance, and advocates realizing dialogue among civilizations with a broad mind, resolving divisions through unity, responding to confrontation through cooperation, and replacing exclusion with tolerance, which will surely make greater contributions to the rejuvenation of Chinese civilization and the progress of human society.

　　(The author is a professor at the Institute of International Studies, Fudan University)