Please don’t use me as a knife for the black public relations in Vanke incident.

On the first day of Vanke’s resumption of trading, Vanke was still reporting the suspicion of insider trading between Baoneng and China Resources to the relevant departments with the help of the largest natural person shareholder, and Wang Shi had been stripped of the details of insider trading.

I don’t know who is standing behind this WeChat WeChat official account, which has only posted three articles, each of which is directed at the inside story of Vanke and attracted the attention of Wang Sicong.

But no matter who it is, no matter where it is, you should work hard to write a black manuscript, okay? I don’t want to be your knife.

Vanke resumed trading and was firmly sealed at the daily limit.

Some people say that this is a fatal blow to Yao Jianhua by Wang Shi. It is predicted that when Vanke’s share price drops by one third, Baoneng will be forced to explode.

It’s time for the sword to see blood, and both sides have prepared for the contest after the resumption of trading.

A week ago, at Vanke’s 2015 shareholders’ meeting, the live broadcast channel opened by Vanke gave Mr. Liu Yuansheng, the largest natural person shareholder of Vanke, a close-up shot.

Today, on the first day of Vanke’s resumption of trading, Mr. Liu Yuansheng published a tip-off letter addressed to China Securities Regulatory Commission, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Shenzhen Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Securities Regulatory Bureau.

Liu Yuansheng reported five issues by real name — — The number of cooperation projects between Baoneng Department and China Resources; What tacit understanding has Baoneng reached with China Resources? What is the conspiracy behind the two sides’ reneging on the deep iron? Secret agreement, insider trading and market manipulation between Baoneng and China Resources; Baoneng uses illegal funds to acquire listed companies.

A few hours later, China Resources publicly responded that,

Authorization statement of spokesman of China Resources Group:

Today, China Resources noticed that there was a real-name tip-off letter signed by Liu Yuansheng, the largest natural person shareholder of Vanke.

The Company hereby solemnly declares that China Resources has reported and communicated the relevant contents mentioned in the report letter to the higher authorities and regulatory agencies, and the relevant information has been disclosed to the public. The speculation, presumptions and slander in this report letter have constituted a negative impact on the reputation of our company.

China Resources will take legal action against Mr. Liu Yuansheng and pursue legal responsibility to safeguard the reputation of China Resources.

Compared with Vanke’s heavy punch, Baoneng’s punch is more fragrant and sly.

I don’t know if everyone’s circle of friends has been screened by this article "Tian Pujun’s past world was robbed by a woman who walked by night" today.

Almost less than an hour, this article had more than 100,000 hits, until it was forwarded by Weibo, Wang Sicong, and reached a complete climax.

In this magical article, there are two pieces of gossip that have never appeared in rivers and lakes before, which are related to Wang Shi’s use of Vanke’s hidden interests to transfer and insider trading in Tian Pujun.

It is recognized that these two projects point to the North Riverside A 717 developed by Vanke and the Metropolis respectively.

A few hours later, another news related to Miss Tian appeared in the circle of friends. Miss Tian has always stressed that she is richer than Wang Shi. It turned out to be true and scared the baby to death!

Tian Pujun registered Beijing Jiuyang Shenghe Technology Co., Ltd. in 2010, with a registered capital of 100,000 yuan. In 2013 and 2014, its total sales amounted to tens of billions, but its net profit lost more than 4 billion, its liabilities reached more than 60 billion, and its tax payment was 0. This is really a company with amazing financial data.

This Beijing Jiuyang Shenghe Technology Co., Ltd., the only business information that can be found in the public information is "I invested in the movie" Chinese Partner "that Miss Tian relishes.

But there are also rumors that the investor of this film is Wang Shi.

Vanke is still reporting the suspicion of insider trading between Baoneng and China Resources with the help of the first natural person shareholder, and Wang Shi has been stripped of the details of insider trading.

Well, let’s talk about this more magical WeChat WeChat official account that revealed the insider trading between Wang Shi and Miss Tian.

This WeChat official account, named Beast House, was registered on May 25th this year, and only wrote three articles, one of which revealed the inside story of Vanke. He read a lot of off the charts, and his praise was amazing.

However, after the article "Tian Pujun Liao Han’s past world was robbed by a woman who walked by night" was screened at the Animal House, I received such news one after another.

I was surprised to find that this original article from the company’s "Animal House" was actually a large part of my previous article, Miss Tian, you are so swearing, and why I hate these two articles (1). The screenshots are proof.

 

 

 

 

 

Angry, of course, I ran to the WeChat backstage to report it, and soon found that this article was deleted by the original author (but there were a lot of reprints on the rivers and lakes). The author’s explanation for the deletion of an article that was "original" all night is as follows.

I don’t know if the plagiarism squad mentioned by her circle of friends means me, anyway, I only have hehe.

Having said so much, I am not happy that my words have been plagiarized by others. Secondly, I don’t know who is standing behind this WeChat WeChat official account, which has only posted three articles and directed at the inside story of Vanke and attracted the attention of Wang Sicong.

But no matter who it is, no matter where it is, you should work hard to write a black manuscript, okay? I don’t want to be your knife.

In addition: Since I have also written two articles related to Miss Tian, it must be explained that this is just because I am a Northeast banker and I really don’t want to hide my dislike for Miss Tian. As for the right and wrong in the dispute of Vanke, I have said in the article "Those who have too much public information should not join the dispute of Vanke’s mouth and cannon" that our generation can only watch the dispute of Vanke with the attitude of watching the sky at night.

Interpretation of main statistical indicators

 


 


education


 


Ordinary institutions of higher learning Refers to the full-time universities, independent colleges, junior colleges, higher vocational schools and other institutions that are approved to be held according to the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, recruit high school graduates as the main training objects, and implement higher education.


Universities and independent colleges mainly carry out education at or above the undergraduate level, colleges and vocational schools carry out education at the junior college level, and other institutions are institutions that undertake the tasks of the national general enrollment plan. Including branches of ordinary colleges and universities and approved ordinary colleges and universities.


Independent college Refers to the secondary colleges at the undergraduate level organized by ordinary undergraduate colleges according to the new mechanism and model. The secondary colleges, "branch schools" or other similar secondary institutions established by some ordinary undergraduate colleges according to the public mechanism and mode do not belong to this category.


adult higher colleges Refers to the national unified entrance examination for adult higher education, which is approved by the national setting standards and examination and approval procedures.,Schools that recruit people who have graduated from high school or equivalent education as the main training object and implement higher education by correspondence, part-time and full-time education. Including staff colleges and universities, farmers colleges and universities, management cadre colleges, education colleges, independent correspondence colleges, radio and television universities, and other institutions. Other institutions are institutions that undertake the tasks of the national adult enrollment plan without counting schools.


Other private institutions of higher education Refers to the units that have been approved by the education administrative departments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government and issued school licenses, and do not have the qualification to issue diplomas from ordinary colleges and universities.


Secondary vocational education After adjustment, secondary vocational schools refer to all kinds of school types that implement secondary vocational education, such as ordinary secondary specialized schools (secondary technical schools, secondary normal schools), adult secondary specialized schools, vocational high schools and other institutions, and are adjusted into unified school types through merger, co-construction, joint operation and transfer.


Other institutions Refers to the educational institutions undertaking secondary vocational education without counting schools (including closed schools and secondary vocational education institutions attached to institutions of higher learning).


Vocational junior high school Refers to a teaching institution approved by the education administrative department at or above the county level to recruit primary school graduates to implement junior secondary vocational and technical education.


primary education Refers to the teaching institutions approved by the education administrative departments at or above the county level to recruit school-age children to implement primary education.


approved school Refers to a teaching institution jointly organized by the education department and the public security department to rescue middle school students who have minor violations of the law.


special needs education Refers to an independent teaching institution that recruits blind, deaf and mentally handicapped children and other children and adolescents with special needs for general or vocational primary and secondary education.


preschool education Including kindergartens and preschool classes. Pre-school class refers to an organizational form of organizing pre-school children to carry out one-year pre-school education in some areas where pre-school children cannot enter the park for three years. Preschool class is an important form of developing preschool education in rural areas, and it is also an auxiliary form for cities to make up for the shortage of kindergartens.


combined junior and senior high school Refers to the educational institutions jointly established by ordinary junior high schools and senior high schools.


On-the-job personnel pursue doctoral and master’s degrees. Refers to the students who are approved by the State Council Academic Degrees Committee and enrolled in the national entrance examination for doctoral and master’s degrees in order to improve the professional level of on-the-job personnel. The students trained only have degrees and no academic qualifications.


Self-taught students Refers to the students enrolled in full-time teaching remedial classes for students who take self-study exams in higher education.


Diploma examination students Refers to the full-time college students enrolled in other private higher education institutions to take the higher education diploma examination.


General preparatory students Refers to the preparatory enrollment plan issued with the approval of the Ministry of Education and the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, which recruits ethnic minorities, Hong Kong, Macao, overseas Chinese and Taiwanese students. After one year of cultural tutoring, those who pass are promoted to relevant majors in ordinary colleges and universities.


Further education and training Refers to all kinds of non-academic education in higher education schools (institutions).


Higher education qualification certificate training Refers to the non-academic education organized by various higher education institutions, which recruits management staff with high school graduation education, engaged in professional and technical work or strong professionalism, and obtains the professional knowledge level that meets the post requirements after passing the study and examination. The forms of certificate education include single-subject classes and professional certificate classes.


Higher education post certificate training Refers to the non-academic education and training activities organized by various higher education institutions to improve their work ability. All kinds of personnel who have received training pass the examination as required, and they will be issued with post qualification certificates and appointment letters. On-the-job training forms include qualification training and adaptability training.


Secondary education qualification certificate training Refers to all kinds of trained personnel who have passed the study and examination and obtained professional qualification certificates that meet the post requirements.


Secondary education post certificate training Refers to all kinds of trained personnel who have passed the study and examination, and issued post qualification certificates and post appointment letters.


Net enrollment rate of primary school-age children Refers to the proportion of school-age children who have entered primary school in the survey range to the total number of school-age children inside and outside the school (including mentally retarded children, excluding blind deaf-mute children).


Faculty (basic education) Refers to the fixed personnel (excluding temporary workers and teachers) who are prepared in schools and engaged in teaching, management and logistics support.


Teaching staff can be divided into teachers, administrators, teaching assistants and workers according to the nature of their work.


Faculty (higher and secondary vocational education) Refers to the number of teaching and administrative staff who work in schools (institutions) and are paid by schools (institutions), including ① those who are on the staff, that is, those whose personnel relations and files are in schools according to the original personnel management system; (2) Appointment personnel, that is, long-term and full-time staff recruited by universities (institutions) after the personnel system reform. The personnel relationship of the appointment personnel is in the school, but the files are not in the school.


The number of teaching and administrative staff includes the teaching and administrative staff of the headquarters, personnel of scientific research institutions, employees of school-run enterprises and personnel of other affiliated institutions.


full-time teacher Refers to a person who is qualified as a teacher and specializes in teaching.


National financial education funds Include education funds in that national budget, tax and fees levied by governments at all levels for education, school-run education fund by enterprises, and education funds from school-run industries, work-study programs and social services.


Education funds in financial budget Refers to the education funds arranged by the central and local governments at all levels or the competent department at a higher level during the year and planned to be allocated to schools and educational institutions at all levels sponsored by the education department and other departments, which are included in the national budget expenditure items, including education funds, scientific research funds, infrastructure funds and other funds.


 


culture


 


Cultural undertakings and cultural enterprise institutions Refers to the institutions and enterprises that specialize in culture and related work and have legal personality and independent accounting, as well as business professional cultural activity units that are independently accounted for and affiliated to institutions. Including: literary and artistic creation and performance, art performance venues, cultural relics and cultural protection, museums, libraries and archives, mass cultural activities, cultural and artistic brokerage and agency, other cultural and artistic industries, entertainment and cultural services, etc. Cultural and artistic education in the education industry; And other industries run by cultural institutions that do not belong to the above industries.


Non-cultural industrial institutions Refers to the institutions and enterprises that do not belong to the above "cultural institutions and cultural enterprises" and are directly under the competent cultural departments at all levels, as well as all kinds of non-cultural activities units run by various institutions and enterprises in the cultural sector.


Art performance group Refers to all kinds of professional art performance groups that are organized or managed by the cultural department and specialize in literature, art creation and performing arts, excluding half-work, half-agriculture and half-art troupes.


Art performance venues Refers to the management activities of places with auditorium, stage and lighting equipment, which are dedicated to the performance of literary and art groups. Including concert halls, opera houses, dance theaters, theatres, circuses and other places for cultural performances. Does not include cinemas, auditoriums, stadiums, art galleries and art galleries such as painting and sculpture.


Art colleges and universities Refers to the full-time, independent colleges and junior college art schools that are approved to be held according to the setting standards and examination and approval procedures stipulated by the state, incorporated into the national enrollment plan, passed the national unified enrollment examination, recruited high school graduates and those equivalent to high school education as the main training objects, and implemented higher education.


Secondary art school It refers to a full-time professional school that is approved by the Ministry of Culture or the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, incorporated into the national enrollment plan, organized entrance examinations according to state regulations, recruited primary or junior high school (or some senior high schools) graduates and those with equivalent academic qualifications, implemented secondary art education and trained secondary art talents.


Cultural cadre colleges Refers to colleges and universities where cultural cadres are trained and trained by leaders of cultural administrative departments at all levels.


Operating internet cultural unit Refers to the unit that issues the network culture business license by the cultural administrative department.


 


Radio and television


 


Total length of cable radio and television transmission trunk network It is used to transmit signals before or between various front ends and distribution points or optical nodes. Including: national trunk network, provincial trunk network, prefecture-level trunk network, county-level trunk network and leased trunk network.


Number of cable radio and television users Refers to the number of users who watch TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network, including the number of cable TV users who receive analog signals and digital signals.


Number of analog TV users Refers to the number of users who watch analog signal TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network.


Number of digital TV users Refers to the number of users who watch digital signal TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network.


Number of paid digital TV users Refers to the number of cable TV users who watch digital TV programs through radio and television cable transmission network and pay the viewing fee.


Number of public broadcasting programs Refers to the number of radio programs approved by the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television and run by radio and television broadcasters, which do not charge listeners for listening, and broadcast on a fixed frequency for the main purpose of providing public broadcasting services to the public, and have a complete set of self-run program schedules. This refers to the number of programs broadcast to the public for free, not only to public channels.


Time for broadcasting purchase and exchange programs throughout the year. Refers to the annual broadcast time of radio and television broadcasters through purchase, exchange and other transactions, including imported programs, which belongs to public broadcast time.


Microwave station The total number of starting stations, opening stations, relay stations and terminal stations of microwave lines.


Length of digital microwave transmission trunk line Refers to the length of microwave trunk line capable of transmitting digital signals.


Long-term employee Refers to employees whose employment period is more than one year (including one year).


Carry-over self-raised infrastructure Refers to the use of non-financial funds for infrastructure funds.


 


sports


 


Sports full-time coach Refers to coaches who specialize in sports training.


letterman Refers to the personnel who have been approved by the labor and personnel departments at all levels to join the team and specialize in sports training, including athletes in training and trial training.


First-line athletes Refers to the national team, national training team, Chinese youth team and outstanding sports teams in various provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions.


Second-line athletes Refers to sports classes in sports schools. Third-line athletes: refers to all kinds of amateur sports schools for children.


 


health


 


health institution Refers to the units that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions from the administrative department of health, or obtained the registration certificate of legal entity from the administrative departments of civil affairs, industry and commerce, and establishment management, and provided medical care, disease control, health supervision services or engaged in medical research and education for the society. Health institutions include hospitals, sanatoriums and community health service centers.(stand), hospitals, clinics, clinics(Health clinic, infirmary), emergency center(stand), blood collection and supply institutions, maternal and child health centers(Station, station)Specialized disease prevention and treatment center(Station, station)Center for Disease Control and Prevention(epidemic station), health supervision, health supervision and inspection(Monitoring and testing)Institutions, medical research institutions, medical on-the-job training institutions, health education institutes(stand)Other health institutions. This data does not include village clinics (separate statistics).


medical institution Refers to the institutions that have obtained the Practice License of Medical Institutions from the administrative department of health, including hospitals, sanatoriums and community health service centers.(stand), hospitals, clinics, clinics(Health clinic, infirmary), Maternal and Child Health Hospital(Station, station)Specialized disease prevention and treatment center(Station, station) , emergency center(stand)And clinical laboratory center. This information does not include village clinics.(Separate statistics).


Nonprofit medical institutions Refers to the medical institutions established and operated for the public interest, not for profit, and their income is used to make up for the cost of medical services.


For-profit medical institutions Refers to medical institutions whose income from medical services can be used to make up for investors’ economic returns. The government does not run for-profit medical institutions.


hospital Including general hospitals, traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine hospitals, ethnic hospitals, various specialized hospitals and nursing homes, excluding specialized disease prevention hospitals, maternal and child health hospitals and nursing homes.


hospital of traditional Chinese medicine Refers to traditional Chinese medicine(comprehensive)Hospitals and specialized hospitals of traditional Chinese medicine, excluding hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine and ethnic hospitals.


special hospital Including stomatological hospitals, ophthalmology hospitals, otolaryngology hospitals, tumor hospitals, cardiovascular hospitals, chest hospitals, hematological hospitals, and maternity hospitals.(branch of academic or vocational study)Hospitals, children’s hospitals, psychiatric hospitals, infectious diseases hospitals, dermatology hospitals, tuberculosis hospitals, leprosy hospitals, occupational diseases hospitals, orthopedic hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, plastic surgery hospitals, beauty hospitals and other specialized hospitals, excluding traditional Chinese medicine hospitals, various specialized disease prevention hospitals and maternal and child health care hospitals.


community health service centers(stand) Refers to the grass-roots health institutions that provide prevention, medical treatment, health care, rehabilitation, health education and family planning technical services for residents in this community.


Union ban village clinic Refers to the village clinic by two or more rural doctors jointly run, rural doctors and health workers jointly run and practice.(assistant)Doctors and rural doctors or health workers jointly run.


Health personnel Refers to the workers working in health institutions such as medical treatment, preventive health care, medical scientific research and on-the-job education, including health technicians, other technicians, managers and workers. All statistics are based on the on-the-job employees who pay the wages at the end of the year, including recruiters, excluding temporary workers, retirees, those who leave the unit and still retain labor relations and those who are re-employed.


health workers Including practicing.(assistant)Doctors, registered nurses, pharmacy personnel, inspection and imaging personnel and other health professionals. Does not include health technical personnel engaged in management work.(Will be included in the management personnel.).


doctor Including chief physician, deputy chief physician, attending physician, resident physician and healer.


certified doctor Including chief physician, deputy chief physician, attending physician and resident physician.


Practitioner (assistant) physician Refers to the personnel who have the Medical Practitioner’s License and their "level" as "practicing (assistant) doctors" and are actually engaged in medical treatment, prevention and health care, excluding the practicing (assistant) doctors who are actually engaged in management. The categories of practicing (assistant) doctors are divided into four categories: clinical, traditional Chinese medicine, oral and public health.


registered nurse Refers to the personnel who have registered nurse certificate and are actually engaged in nursing work, excluding nurses engaged in management work.


Pharmacy personnel Including chief pharmacists, deputy chief pharmacists, competent pharmacists, pharmacists, pharmacists and pharmacists.


Inspector Including chief inspection technician, deputy chief inspection technician, chief inspection technician, inspection technician, inspection technician and inspector.


Other technicians Refers to those who graduated from high schools and other non-health majors such as chemistry and mathematics, and are now engaged in technical work such as health promotion, scientific research and teaching.


administrative staff Including the person in charge of the unit, mainly engaged in medical care, disease control, health supervision, medical research and teaching and other business management personnel, mainly engaged in party and government, personnel, finance, information, security and other administrative management personnel.


Health technical personnel per thousand population That is, the number of health technicians/PopulationX1000. Population is the registered population of the Ministry of Public Security.


country doctor Refers to the personnel who have obtained the certificate of "village doctor" from the local health administrative department in the village clinic.


health worker Refers to the personnel who have not obtained the certificate of "village doctor" in the village clinic.


Bed number Refers to the fixed bed at the end of the year.(Non-compiled bed), including regular beds, simple beds, monitoring beds, beds being disinfected and repaired, beds stopped due to expansion or overhaul, excluding obstetric newborn beds, delivery rooms, waiting beds, observation beds, temporary extra beds and accompanying beds for patients’ families.


Number of beds in hospitals and health centers per thousand population namely(Hospital bed+Hospital bed)/PopulationX1000. Population is the registered population of the Ministry of Public Security.


total expenditure on health Reflect the total amount of funds spent on medical and health care services in the whole country in that year, and calculate it by financing source method. It is divided into three parts: government budget health expenditure, social health expenditure and personal cash health expenditure.


Government budget health expenditure Refers to the financial budget allocated by governments at all levels for health care. Including: ① public health service funds(Including health service fees, Chinese medicine service fees, drug supervision and management fees, family planning service fees, budgetary capital construction funds, medical research funds, health administration fees, basic medical insurance subsidies and rural cooperative medical care government subsidies.); ② Medical expenses of administrative institutions.


Social health expenditure Refers to the government’s extra-budgetary investment in health care from all walks of life. Including social basic medical insurance premiums, other social insurance medical and health expenses, commercial health insurance premiums, non-health department administrative institutions office expenses, enterprise staff medical and health expenses, agriculturalVillage collective economic health expenditure, health extra-budgetary capital construction funds, initial investment of private medical treatment, extra-budgetary capital investment of public health institutions, etc.


Personal cash health expenditure Refers to urban and rural residents using their disposable economic income.,Cash when receiving various medical and health services,Including personal cash health expenditure of urban residents and personal cash health expenditure of rural residents.


Per capita medical expenses of outpatients Also known as medical expenses per visit. namely(Medical outpatient income+Drug outpatient income)/Total number of visits.


Per capita medical expenses of inpatients Also known as the per capita medical expenses of discharged patients. namely(Medical hospitalization income+Drug hospitalization income)/Number of discharged patients.


The average daily hospitalization medical expenses of discharged patients namely(Medical hospitalization income+Drug hospitalization income)/Number of days of total bed occupied by discharged patients.


Total number of visits Refers to the total number of people in all diagnosis and treatment work. Including outpatient and emergency visits of patients, visits, visits to family sickbeds, visits to hospitals, visits to staff in our hospital, individual health check-ups and health consultation and guidance, and individual health check-ups in some areas.


Number of hospital admissions per 100 emergency departments. That is, admission number/Outpatient and emergency visits x100.


Bed turnover times Refers to the ratio of "number of discharged patients" to "average number of open beds".


Average length of stay of discharged patients It refers to the ratio of "the number of days occupied by discharged patients" to "the number of discharged patients".


Doctors are responsible for the number of visits per day. That is, the number of patients/Average number of doctors/251.


The average physician is responsible for the hospital bed days every day. Refers to the actual occupation of total bed days./Average number of doctors/365.


Residents’ two-week attendance rate It refers to the ratio of the number of people who went to medical institutions for treatment due to illness or physical discomfort in the two weeks before the survey to the number of people surveyed.


Residents’ two-week absence rate It refers to the ratio of the number of people who were ill but didn’t see a doctor in the two weeks before the survey to the number of people who were sick in the two weeks.


Hospitalization rate of residents Refers to the ratio of the number of hospitalized residents due to illness to the number of people surveyed in the year before the survey.


Live birth number Refers to the number of live births during the year. Live birth refers to the pregnancy product that is completely discharged or taken out from the mother regardless of the length of pregnancy. After it is separated from the mother, whether the umbilical cord is cut off or whether the placenta is attached, as long as the pregnancy product has one of the four life signs of breathing, heartbeat, umbilical cord pulsation or obvious voluntary muscle movement, it is considered as a live birth.


neonatal mortality (rate) Refers to the postpartum within the year.28The ratio of the number of newborns who died within days to the number of live births. Generally expressed in parts per thousand.


fiveUnder-five mortality rate Refers to the year is not full.fiveRatio of deaths to live births of children aged. Generally expressed in ‰.


Maternal mortality rate Refers to every year10The death toll of 10,000 pregnant women. Maternal death refers to the period from the beginning of pregnancy to postpartum.forty-twoDeath within days, regardless of the time and place of pregnancy, includes death due to internal and surgical reasons, family planning operation, ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole, but does not include death due to accidental reasons. According to the international general calculation method, the "total number of pregnant and lying-in women" is calculated by "number of live births".


High-risk maternal ratio Refers to the ratio of high-risk number to live births caused by various pathological factors and acute and chronic risk factors. General use%Express.


Maternal card establishment rate Refers to the health care card established by health care personnel during the year.(volume)Ratio of number of people to number of live births. General use%Express.


Systematic management rate of pregnant women Refers to pregnancy during the year to postpartum.28Received early pregnancy examination and prenatal examination within days ≥fiveSecond, the ratio of the number of parturients who received disinfection delivery and postpartum visit to the whole health care service to the number of local live births. General use%Express.


Prenatal check-up rate Refers to the ratio of the number of pregnant women who have received one or more prenatal examinations during the year to the number of live births. General use%Express.


Postpartum visit rate Refers to the ratio of the number of parturients who have received one or more postpartum visits during the year to the number of live births. General use%Express.


Hospital delivery rate Refers to the ratio of the number of births to the number of live births in township hospitals and medical and health institutions above the township level during the year. General use%Express.


New delivery rate Refers to the ratio of the sum of the number of births delivered by the new method of hospital delivery and non-hospital delivery to the number of live births during the year. General use%Express. The new method of delivery means that the delivery package, the hands of the midwife, the vulva of the parturient and the umbilical cord are disinfected and delivered by doctors, midwives and trained primary health personnel and midwives who have obtained the certificate of "family midwife".


the two week prevalence rate That is, the number of patients in the two weeks before the investigation.(Or number of cases)/number of people surveyedX1000.


Prevalence of chronic diseases There are two definitions: the prevalence rate of chronic diseases calculated by the number of people refers to the ratio of the number of patients with chronic diseases to the number of people surveyed in the first half of the survey; The prevalence rate of chronic diseases calculated by the number of cases refers to the number of cases of chronic diseases in the first half of the investigation.(Including one person who has been sick many times.)Compared with the number of people surveyed. "Chronic disease" refers to: ① chronic diseases (including chronic infectious diseases such as tuberculosis and chronic non-infectious diseases such as coronary heart disease and hypertension) confirmed by doctors within the first half of the investigation; ② He was diagnosed with a chronic disease by a doctor six months ago, and he had an attack during the first half of the investigation, and took treatment measures such as taking medicine and physical therapy. One of them is that they are suffering from "chronic diseases".


Statutory reporting incidence of infectious diseases Refers to every year in a certain area.10Number of legally reported infectious diseases of Class A and B in the population of 10,000. That is, the incidence of infectious diseases is legally reported=Number of legally reported infectious diseases of Class A and B/PopulationX100000.


Statutory reporting of infectious disease mortality Refers to every year in a certain area.10Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths of Class A and Class B in the population of 10,000. That is, legally reported infectious disease mortality.=Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths in Class A and Class B/PopulationX100000.


Mortality rate of legally reported infectious diseases Refers to the ratio between the number of deaths and the number of cases of legally reported infectious diseases in a certain area in a certain year. That is, legally reported mortality of infectious diseases.=Number of legally reported infectious disease deaths in Class A and Class B/Incidence numberX100%.


Standardized mortality rate That is, the age-standardized mortality rate refers to the mortality rate calculated according to the age structure of a standard population.


Qualified rate of food hygiene Refers to the qualified rate of food hygiene sampling inspection.,That is, the number of qualified food hygiene sampling monitoring pieces./Number of monitoring piecesX100%.


 


social work


 


Private non-enterprise Refers to enterprises, institutions, social organizations, other social forces and individual citizens who use non-state-owned assets to organize non-profit social service activities.


Number of regular pensions Refers to the number of families of revolutionary martyrs, families of soldiers who died in the line of duty or died at the end of the reporting period who met the pension conditions and were given regular pensions by the state.


Number of regular subsidies Refers to the sum of the demobilized soldiers who can’t participate in productive labor and have a particularly difficult life, the demobilized soldiers who have completely lost their ability to work and have a difficult life, the lost Red Army personnel, and other people who enjoy regular payment with pension expenses at the end of the reporting period.


Veterans of the Red Army in the countryside (separated Red Army personnel, marked army), etc. point to1937yearsevenmoonsixsunFormerly enlisted in the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants (including the marked army, the anti-Japanese Coalition forces and the full-time guerrillas led by the Communist Party of China (CPC)); There are discharge procedures or exact certificates; Those who have not defected to the enemy, and who have continued to maintain the revolutionary tradition after returning to the local area, and those who have been separated from the Red Army due to injury, illness, defeat in battle or organized mobilization, and have performed well after leaving the team, and have been recognized by the local people, reviewed by the township people’s government, and approved by the county and municipal people’s governments.


Demobilized soldiers in rural areas Refers to1954year11moononesunNon-commissioned officers and soldiers who volunteered to join the army before and were demobilized, or those who were conscripts but later changed to volunteers or cadres were treated as demobilized.


Number of scattered martyrs memorial buildings Refers to the total number of martyrs memorial buildings without martyrs memorial building management unit at the end of the reporting period. Including the number of monuments, towers, pavilions, shrines and martyrs’ cemeteries that praise revolutionary martyrs.


Adoption unit (social welfare unit providing accommodation) Refers to the general name of social welfare institutions that provide accommodation, rest homes for disabled revolutionary soldiers, sanatoriums for retired soldiers with chronic diseases, mental hospitals for retired soldiers, glorious hospitals, social welfare homes, children’s welfare homes, mental patients’ welfare homes, elderly adoption institutions (nursing homes, nursing homes, elderly apartments) and so on.


Social welfare enterprise Refers to the centralized placement of disabled people with certain working ability for the purpose of employment (disabled workers account for production personnel)10%Above), a general term for enterprises with social welfare nature. Social welfare enterprises are classified as: social welfare factories, artificial limb factories and other welfare enterprises.


Regular quantitative relief funds in cities and towns According to the regulations, the civil affairs department shall issue regular quantitative relief funds to the orphans, the old, the disabled, the young and the residents who have no fixed occupation, fixed income and living difficulties in cities and towns that have not yet implemented the minimum living security system.


Regular quantitative relief in rural areas By the civil affairs department to the rural income level is very low, life is really difficult, poor households living relief.


Streamline retired old workers point to1957Work before the end of the year, at1961Year’s arrival1965yearsixmoonninesunOld employees who were downsized during the period.


40%relieve Refers to the original standard salary given by the civil affairs department to the old, weak, sick and disabled among the streamlined retired old workers.40%Relief.


Streamline the assistance for retired workers Refers to the right or wrong40%The civil affairs department shall give relief to the streamlined retired workers who have difficulties in life for more than half a year.


Temporary relief in rural areas Refers to the life relief given by the state or the collective to those who have temporary difficulties in life for less than half a year during the reporting period.


Welfare lottery chest Refers to the extra-budgetary funds earmarked for the development of social welfare undertakings raised by issuing China welfare lottery tickets according to relevant state regulations. The income of social welfare fund includes: the net income after deducting the redemption and management fees from the total amount of welfare lottery tickets sold in China; Abandoned prize income without prize pool in lottery sales; Interest on bank deposits of social welfare funds.


household enjoying the five guarantees Refers to the person who cannot be legally obligated to support, or the person who is legally obligated to support, but the person who supports him is incapable of supporting; Incapable of working; The elderly, the disabled and the minors who have no source of livelihood.


Sanwu"target Refers to the residents who can’t support (support, support) obligors, have no ability to work and have no source of income.


Number of charity supermarkets Refers to the number of social donation institutions that rely on regular social donation stations (points) to solve the living difficulties of urban poor residents, take targeted collection and distribution as the main form, learn from the management model of commercial supermarkets, and receive donated materials on demand for relief objects.


Urban elderly adoption welfare institutions Refers to the general name of social welfare institutions that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly adopt the social "three noes" and the elderly whose families are unable to take care of them.


Rural elderly adoption welfare institutions (rural five-guarantee welfare institutions) Refers to the social welfare units that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly adopt "five guarantees" and elderly people whose families are unable to take care of them in rural areas (townships and towns).


Community Service Center Refers to welfare institutions that do not provide multi-functional comprehensive services (more than two services) for the elderly, disabled people, families of martyrs and other community residents for profit. Basic conditions for being called a community service center: (oneThere is a certain place (the construction area is in100square meterAbove); (2) there are fixed management personnel; (three) The social welfare services provided must be more than two; (four) is an independent accounting unit.


Social welfare hospital Refers to the social welfare hospitals (including psychiatric welfare hospitals) that provide accommodation, are not for profit, and mainly treat the homeless, helpless, and have no source of income, as well as the civil objects such as subsistence allowances and special care recipients.


Other payments Expenditure for civil affairs refers to the expenditure for civil affairs arranged by the finance from the budget. Such as military supply station funds, medical assistance, and secondary specialized schools organized by civil affairs departments.


 


Disabled cause


 


Cataract surgery Refers to the number of cases of cataract surgery.


Intraocular lens implantation Refers to the number of cases of intraocular lens implantation in cataract surgery.


become literate Refers to the number of cases of blindness after cataract surgery.


Equipped with visual AIDS Refers to the number of tasks completed with visual AIDS for low vision in this year.


Hospital ophthalmology Refers to the number of newly opened low-vision clinics in hospitals at the municipal level (including county-level cities) this year.


Total number of newly recruited deaf children Refers to the sum of the number of deaf children newly trained in rehabilitation institutions and families this year.


Training parents of deaf children Refers to the number of parents of deaf children who held parent training classes this year (excluding parents of deaf children who are being trained by provincial centers and language training departments).


In-service teacher Refers to teachers who are directly engaged in rehabilitation training in rehabilitation institutions at all levels.


In-service medical skills Refers to the professional and technical personnel engaged in deafness diagnosis, hearing test, hearing aid selection, ear mold making, rehabilitation evaluation, psychological test and so on in rehabilitation institutions at all levels.


Rehabilitation and correction of leprosy deformity Refers to the number of cases in which leprosy patients received leprosy deformity correction surgery this year.


Set up a medical team Refers to the number of batches of provincial and municipal leprosy rehabilitation medical teams in this year.


Distribution of assistive devices (excluding artificial limbs) for leprosy disabled persons Refers to the total number of assistive devices distributed to leprosy disabled people in this year. Auxiliary appliances include protective shoes, insoles, goggles, crutches, wheelchairs, self-help appliances, orthoses, etc.


Rehabilitation training of leprosy deformity Refers to the number of leprosy disabled rehabilitation training tasks completed this year. Rehabilitation training includes self-care training and functional exercise.


Total cases of popular leg prosthesis assembly Refers to the number of popular leg prostheses assembled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system this year.


Total cases of universal thigh prosthesis assembly Refers to the number of popular thigh prostheses assembled by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system this year.


Covering the total population Refers to the sum of the population covered by cities and counties that carry out intensive prevention and rehabilitation work. The population of prefecture-level cities refers to the population of the city, excluding the population of cities and counties under their jurisdiction; The population of county-level cities and counties refers to the population under the jurisdiction of the cities and counties.


Number of mental patients Refers to the total number of registered mental patients after a thorough investigation, rather than the figures calculated or estimated according to the incidence rate.


Number of patients under guardianship Refers to the total number of mental patients who receive socialized, open and comprehensive treatment and rehabilitation through monitoring groups, family sickbeds, industrial treatment stations, social employment and mental health institutions.


Number of significantly improved patients Refers to the number of mental patients whose condition is stable and their symptoms are relieved after taking effective treatment and rehabilitation measures.


Total number of people participating in society Refers to the number of mental patients who can take care of themselves and participate in housework, social production and social activities.


Accident rate Refers to the percentage of the number of people who violate the regulations on public security management and the total number of registered mental patients in the year.


Number of rehabilitation training for children with physical disabilities and cerebral palsy It refers to the number of tasks completed in rehabilitation training for physically disabled and cerebral palsy children in this year.


Effective number of rehabilitation for children with physical disabilities and cerebral palsy After systematic rehabilitation training, the training effect is the sum of significant effect and effective number.


Number of rehabilitation training for children with intellectual disabilities Refers to the sum of the tasks completed by mentally disabled children in institutions and families during this year.


Effective number of institutional and family rehabilitation for children with intellectual disabilities Respectively, after rehabilitation training in institutions and families, the training effect is the sum of great progress and the number of progress.


Number of municipal districts and counties (cities) carrying out rehabilitation services this year It refers to the number of tasks of municipal districts and counties (cities) that have carried out rehabilitation services for the disabled in this year to meet the requirements of the implementation measures of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services.


Cumulative number of municipal districts and counties (cities) carrying out rehabilitation services Respectively refer to2001Since, the sum of the number of tasks of municipal districts and counties (cities) that have carried out rehabilitation services for the disabled to meet the implementation requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services.


Total rehabilitation training service institutions Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the sum of the number of rehabilitation training service institutions for children with physical disabilities (including children with cerebral palsy) and intellectual disabilities at the provincial, city (prefecture), county (city, district) and county (city, district) levels.


Provincial, prefectural (city) and county (city, district) level disabled persons’ Federation system rehabilitation training service institutions. Refers to the end of this year.twelvemoon31Number of rehabilitation training service institutions for physically disabled (including children with cerebral palsy) and intellectually disabled children established by the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district) levels.


Rehabilitation training service institutions established outside the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels. Refers to the end of this year.twelvemoon31Number of rehabilitation training service institutions for physically disabled (including children with cerebral palsy) and mentally disabled children established by departments and social forces outside the Disabled Persons’ Federation system at the provincial, city (prefecture) and county (city, district) levels.


Total training this year Refers to the sum of the training times of managers and technicians carried out by provinces, cities and districts (counties) according to the Tenth Five-Year Plan for Rehabilitation Training and Services this year.


Distribute iodine supplement publicity materials Refers to the sum of promotional materials (posters, brochures, popular science books, etc.) issued by the China Disabled Persons’ Federation and the disabled persons’ federations of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and counties in this year.


Organize iodine supplementation publicity activities. Refers to all kinds of publicity activities, such as IDD prevention day, exhibition, consultation and knowledge lecture, jointly organized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation at all levels and the Disabled Persons’ Federation with health, civil affairs, family planning commission, salt industry, publicity and other relevant departments this year to eliminate IDD and prevent intellectual disability caused by iodine deficiency.


Number of people with special needs receiving publicity and education on iodine supplementation Refers to the number of people with special needs (newly married women of childbearing age and pregnant women) in a region who have received publicity and education on iodine supplementation. The total number of people with special needs for publicity and education can be1996Based on the estimated number of iodine supplements for people with special needs in.


Ordinary high schools for the blind and deaf It refers to the actual number of ordinary high schools for the blind and deaf respectively.


Number of people who have reached the admission scores of ordinary colleges and universities Refers to the actual number of disabled senior high school graduates who participated in this year’s college entrance examination and reached the admission score.


Reach the admission scores of ordinary colleges and universities. Refers to the actual number of disabled candidates who have not only reached the admission score of the college entrance examination but also been admitted by ordinary colleges and universities (excluding the number of students admitted to higher special education institutions).


Number of students enrolled in higher special education institutions Refers to the number of blind and deaf students admitted to higher special education colleges (schools) and majors (classes) this year.


Total educational and training institutions Refers to the number of academic education and non-academic training institutions specially organized by the society and the Disabled Persons’ Federation system for the disabled.


Total vocational training Refers to the vocational training of the society and the Disabled Persons’ Federation system except academic education, and the actual number of trainees in this year (including the number of trainees).


Total secondary vocational education institutions for the disabled Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Day, including the actual number of secondary vocational education institutions with academic qualifications for the disabled in special education schools, society and disabled persons’ federations.


School-age disabled children and adolescents with vision, hearing, intelligence, physical and mental disabilities who are not enrolled in school. Refers to a person who suffers from only one type of disability. Use of criteria for defining disability categories1987yearfourThe disability category standard of the national sample survey of disabled people in June.


Multiple disabilities Refers to a person suffering from two or more categories of disabled people. Use of criteria for defining disability categories1987yearfourThe disability category standard of the national sample survey of disabled people in June.


We should help poor disabled children and adolescents who are not enrolled in school. Refers to disabled children and adolescents who live below the local poverty line and are not enrolled in school.


Cumulative employment situation of urban disabled people Refers to urban (non-agricultural registered permanent residence) centralized employment of disabled people, decentralized proportional employment (including disabled people who have been employed in various social units before the implementation of proportional employment) and individual employment, as of this year.twelvemoon31The cumulative number of people who have been placed in employment on a daily basis.


This year’s vocational skills training for disabled people Refers to the number of persons with disabilities who are employable but not employed, need to change their occupations and have been employed and need to improve their technical level. (including pre-employment training, pre-job training, job transfer training and on-the-job training, etc.)


Accumulated unemployment of urban disabled persons Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The actual cumulative number of people with disabilities in cities and towns who have employment requirements and employment ability but have not arranged employment (men of employment age)16forty-nineYears old; woman16forty-fourYears old)


Cumulative employment in rural areas Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Disabled people in rural areas (agricultural registered permanent residence) are engaged in all kinds of productive labor, including planting, aquaculture, cottage industry and the total number of disabled people in various types of enterprises, services, businesses and individual businesses.


Accumulated stable employment in rural areas Refers to the cumulative number of disabled people with a relatively fixed income and a relatively stable life in the "cumulative employment in rural areas".


Practical technical training this year Refers to the number of disabled employment service agencies, organizations and schools with the help of social forces in this year, and various agricultural technical trainings for rural disabled people such as "planting, raising and adding".


Cumulative unemployment of disabled people in rural areas Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The cumulative number of disabled people in rural areas who hold the local official agricultural registered permanent residence and have participated in the labor demand but have not engaged in the occupation described in the "Cumulative Employment in Rural Areas" (the employment age is16Age and16Years old or older. It does not include disabled people who cannot support productive labor due to lack of working conditions and can only solve food and clothing through social relief).


Poor disabled people Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31Number of rural poor disabled people living below the local poverty line.


Can support poor disabled people Refers to the number of poor disabled people who are suitable to participate in productive labor.


Cities and towns have been included in the minimum living guarantee. Refers to the disabled with urban hukou, and the per capita income of family members is lower than the local minimum living standard for urban residents, which has been included in the minimum living guarantee.


Centralized support Refers to the number of disabled people in cities and towns who meet the conditions of five guarantees and are supported by social welfare institutions such as social welfare homes.


Temporary relief Refers to the number of disabled people who have urban hukou, have temporary difficulties due to unexpected accidents, affect their basic life, and enjoy funds and in-kind assistance donated by the government or society from time to time.


Rural areas have been included in the minimum living security. Refers to the number of persons with disabilities in agricultural registered permanent residence, whose per capita income of family members is lower than the local minimum living standard in rural areas and has been included in the minimum living guarantee.


Five guarantees Refers to the number of disabled people who are unable to legally support their obligations in rural areas, or who have legal support obligations but have no ability to support, have no ability to work and have no source of income, and receive life care and material help in food, clothing, housing, medical care and burial.


Temporary relief Refers to the number of disabled people who have agricultural registered permanent residence, have temporary difficulties due to unexpected accidents, affect their basic life, and enjoy funds and in-kind assistance donated by the government or society irregularly.


Regular subsidy Finger continuitysixNumber of persons with disabilities who enjoy temporary relief for more than one month and are given regular and quantitative financial subsidies by the government.


specific grant Refers to the number of disabled persons who have been subsidized by the Disabled Persons’ Federation by setting up special subsidies and other measures in addition to implementing various safeguard measures.


Provincial, city (prefecture) level audio books library (room) It refers to the actual number of audio-visual books libraries and rooms for the blind that have been opened or opened in introspection, city (prefecture) level public libraries (rooms) and disabled people’s activity facilities this year.


Provincial, city (prefecture) level sports venues It refers to the number of sports venues for the disabled determined by signing agreements or listing in public stadiums at the introspection and city (prefecture) levels this year.


Develop rehabilitation and fitness programs for the disabled. Refers to the number of rehabilitation and fitness programs suitable for disabled people developed by provincial disabled persons’ federations this year.


Provincial and municipal sports competitions for the disabled. Refers to the provincial (including cities specifically designated in the state plan) and city (prefecture) level sports commission, the Disabled Persons’ Federation and the Sports Association’s provincial and city (prefecture) level disabled games (tryouts) in this year.


NPC law enforcement inspection Refers to the number of times that people’s congresses at the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels inspected the implementation of the law on the protection of the disabled and its implementation methods and provisions on helping the disabled this year.


CPPCC inspection or special investigation Refers to the number of inspections or special investigations on the implementation of the law on the protection of the disabled and its implementation methods and the provisions on helping the disabled by the CPPCC at the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels this year.


Special inspection by the government and relevant administrative functional units Refers to the number of times that the provincial (autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city), county (city, district) governments and relevant administrative departments conducted special inspections on the implementation of the Law on the Protection of Disabled Persons and its implementation measures and provisions on assisting disabled persons this year.


Disabled legal aid (service) center Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the cumulative number of legal aid centers for the disabled or branches (stations) of legal aid centers for the disabled, which are jointly organized by judicial administrative departments at the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) and county (city, district) levels and disabled persons’ federations at the same level or run by disabled persons’ federations and approved by judicial administrative departments at the same level.


Persons with disabilities receive legal aid and services. It refers to the number of people who provide legal aid and services to the disabled in this year, such as law firms designated or entrusted by the provincial (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government), city (prefecture) and county (city, district) level Disabled Persons’ Federation, legal aid (service) centers (sub-centers) for the disabled or the work department (station) of the legal aid center.


Investigate and deal with major cases that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of the disabled. Refers to the cases concluded or handled within this year with one of the following conditions, which are directly involved (including cooperation with relevant departments) by the provincial and municipal disabled persons’ federations and disabled persons’ federations established or entrusted by them:


1. According to the local economic development level, the amount of the subject matter of the case is relatively large;


Two, the local major media reported the case;


Three, at or above the provincial level, the main leaders at or above the prefecture level have given instructions for handling;


4. The rights and interests of group disabled persons are infringed.


Provincial rights protection hotline Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31sun, the province (autonomous region, municipality directly under the central government) Disabled Persons’ Federation in the organ rights department (office), the petition department, the legal aid (service) center for the disabled set up the hotline (number).


Laws and regulations on the construction of barrier-free facilities and government orders Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31The local laws and regulations promulgated and implemented by the provincial (autonomous region, municipality directly under the Central Government), prefecture (city) level people’s congress or the government on June, aimed at promoting the construction and management of barrier-free facilities in this region.


Carry out the construction of barrier-free facilities in cities, counties and districts Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31On, the cumulative number of cities, counties and districts that have been jointly determined by provincial disabled persons’ federations and construction departments at the same level to carry out barrier-free facilities construction according to the outline of the tenth five-year plan and the eleventh five-year plan for the disabled in China and its supporting implementation plan.


Group visit of motor vehicles point tofiveVisits by groups of more than one person on motor vehicle transportation and motor vehicle operation.


Number of disabled persons’ federations to be built Subject to local administrative divisions.


Projects that have been put into use Refers to the comprehensive service facilities that have been completed and accepted and carried out for the disabled. Among them, "new projects put into use this year" refers to the projects in this year.onemoononeDay to this yeartwelvemoon31New facilities put into use between Japan and Japan.


Accumulated projects that have been put into use Refers to the current year.twelvemoon31All facilities that have been put into use.


Construction land area Refers to the total area of land occupied by the planned comprehensive service facilities.


scale of construction Refers to the construction area of the built comprehensive service facilities.


total investment  For "projects that have been put into use", it refers to the actual amount of funds invested at the time of completion and settlement; For "projects under construction" and "projects under preparation", it refers to the total estimated amount for the construction of comprehensive service facilities for the disabled.


 


Public management and social organization


 


The people’s procuratorate directly files a case for investigation. Refers to the crime of corruption and bribery, the crime of dereliction of duty and infringement, the crime of infringing citizens’ personal rights and democratic rights committed by the staff of state organs by taking advantage of their functions and powers, and other major criminal cases committed by the staff of state organs by taking advantage of their functions and powers after the provincial people’s procuratorate decides to put on record for investigation.


Accept a case Refers to the newly accepted cases this year.


register It refers to the litigation activities in which the people’s procuratorate considers that there is a duty crime after a preliminary investigation of the accepted case, and should be investigated for criminal responsibility, and decides to investigate it as a criminal case, which is the beginning of investigating the crime. This indicator mainly reflects the litigation activities of the people’s procuratorate to investigate the clues of duty crimes as criminal cases according to law.


wind up/close/conclude a case Refers to the end of the investigation procedure.


Major case Refers to cases of corruption and bribery involving more than 50,000 yuan, misappropriation of public funds involving more than 100,000 yuan, and cases identified in accordance with the Standards of People’s Procuratorate for Directly Accepting Serious Cases of Dereliction of Duty and Infringement (Trial). This index mainly reflects the cases with great economic losses and serious social harm among the duty crime cases investigated by the people’s procuratorate.


key criminal case Refers to crimes committed by cadres at or above the county level. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that cadres at or above the county level are placed on file for investigation by the people’s procuratorate according to law in duty crime cases.


approve an arrest It means that the people’s procuratorate examines the criminal suspects arrested by the public security, state security organs and prison management organs, and makes a decision to arrest according to the facts. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that the people’s procuratorate makes a decision to approve the arrest according to law after examining the criminal suspect who has been arrested.


Decide to arrest Refers to the arrest decision made by the people’s procuratorate in accordance with the law when it deems it necessary to arrest the criminal suspect in a case directly put on file for investigation. This indicator mainly reflects the people’s procuratorate’s exercise of the right to decide on arrest in cases directly accepted.


to prosecute Refers to the people’s procuratorate to the public security, state security organs, prison management organs and procuratorial organs investigation department to review the case, according to the facts, make a public prosecution case. This indicator mainly reflects the situation that people’s procuratorates have prosecuted various criminal cases in people’s courts.


criminal case Refers to cases investigated by public security organs, state security organs and prison management organs in accordance with the provisions of jurisdiction.


Apply summary procedure Refers to the people’s court may be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than three years, criminal detention, public surveillance, and a single fine. The facts are clear and the evidence is sufficient, and the people’s procuratorate suggests or agrees to apply summary procedures; Cases handled only after telling; A minor criminal case prosecuted by the victim with evidence.


first trial Refers to the first instance procedure of public prosecution cases.


review Refers to a case retried by the people’s court in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision.


Lodge a protest Refers to the litigation activities in which the people’s procuratorate considers that the judgment or ruling of the people’s court is really wrong and proposes to the people’s court to retry the case. Including protests in accordance with the procedure of second instance and protests in accordance with the procedure of trial supervision (retrial procedure).


Withdraw the protest Refers to the protest filed by the people’s procuratorate at a higher level against the people’s procuratorate at a lower level in accordance with the procedure of second instance. After examination, it is considered that the protest is inappropriate and the protest is withdrawn to the people’s court at the same level, and the people’s procuratorate at a lower level who lodged the protest is notified at the same time.


register Refers to the decision to file a case for review.


Draw a protest Refers to the case that the people’s procuratorate at the same level refers to the case that our hospital has the right to lodge a protest to the people’s procuratorate at a lower level, and the people’s procuratorate at a lower level considers that it should lodge a protest and suggests that the people’s procuratorate at a higher level lodge a protest.


protest Refers to the case protested by the people’s procuratorate at the corresponding level.


Withdraw the protest Refers to the case that the people’s procuratorate that made the protest decision found that the protest was improper, or withdrew the protest from the people’s court after receiving the decision of the people’s procuratorate at a higher level to cancel the protest.


Filing supervision Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the criminal filing activities of the investigation organs. Including the supervision of filing a case without filing a case and the supervision of filing a case without filing a case.


Supervise the filing of cases It includes two contents: the investigation organ takes the initiative to file a case after receiving the request to explain the reasons for not filing a case and the execution notice to file a case.


Supervise the withdrawal of the case Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the investigation organ’s filing of a case when it should not be filed.


Regulatory activities Refers to the supervision of the management activities of prisons and other places of supervision and reform.


Holiday reduction insurance" Refers to the supervision of the people’s procuratorate on the illegal situation in the commutation, parole and medical parole of criminals.


accept and hear a case Refers to the situation in which the people’s procuratorate accepts the complaint. Including letters and visits.


File a case for review Refers to the people’s procuratorate after accepting the appeal, after examination and decision to file a case for review.


wind up/close/conclude a case Refers to the case with the result of filing a case for review.


First report Refers to the unit or individual who reports the suspected corruption and bribery crimes of state functionaries by letter or visit, and the suspected dereliction of duty and infringement crimes of state functionaries. Does not include the number of repeated reports.


First accusation Refers to the unit or individual since the letter, visit form to report national staff illegal or suspected of criminal offences. Does not include the number of repeated charges.


First appeal Complaints in the form of letters and visits that refuse to accept the decision of the people’s procuratorate or the judgment or ruling of the people’s court. Does not include repeated complaints.


Send it to the procuratorate Refers to the people’s procuratorate to accept the report, complaint and appeal cases, after examination, according to different situations, or directly handled by the complaint department, or transferred to the relevant business departments of our hospital, or transferred to other people’s procuratorates.


Jinguo Wenminggang Refers to the creation of "Women’s Civilization Post", which is to meet the needs of the socialist market economy and serve the overall situation of national reform, development and stability, and is organized by the All-China Women’s Federation.24Several ministries and commissions initiated and launched a mass spiritual civilization creation activity aimed at encouraging women to strive for excellence, make contributions to their posts and become talents.


Wuhao civilized family It refers to "patriotism and law-abiding, enthusiasm for public welfare", "learning and enterprising, loving their posts and being dedicated to their work", "equality between men and women, respecting the old and loving the young", "changing customs, having fewer children and being good", "managing the family diligently and protecting the environment", and the selection conditions are the best among the best.


Number of parent schools of various types In order to further promote the healthy development of family education, spread the advanced concepts of family education, and help parents master the scientific knowledge and teaching methods of family education, according to the requirements of parents of children of different ages and parents of children with special needs, the number of various types of parent schools and the number of broadcast parent schools run on radio and television. These schools have played a very good role in improving the quality of parents and the level of family education. The school is required to have institutions, fixed venues and teachers, teaching materials, assessment, annual work plans and complete files.


Chunlei primary school Refers to schools built or rebuilt with donations from China Children’s and Teenagers’ Fund, including schools built with donations from women’s federations at all levels.


Mother water cellar Refers to the water cellar built by the China Women’s Development Foundation to help mothers and children in the arid areas of western China solve the drinking water problem and raise funds from all walks of life.


Mother health express It refers to the medical ambulance undertaken by the China Women’s Development Foundation and donated by all sectors of society to help women and children in poverty-stricken areas in the west solve the problem of medical treatment.

How to "Short and Fine" Miniature Plays (People’s Commentary)

  Dedicate more fine products, which are small but not weak, short and not shallow, and are artistic, ideological and ornamental.

  

  As one of the hot spots in the film and television industry in recent years, "micro-short drama" has become a hot word on the Internet. At this year’s National People’s Congress, many deputies made suggestions and suggestions on micro-short plays, which aroused social concern.

  From the initial stage of germination to the rapid growth, miniseries have become a "traffic highland" in the field of network audio-visual in a relatively short period of time. During this year’s Spring Festival holiday, the number of micro-short drama works and the scale of users have expanded significantly, and the "Spring Festival file" on the small screen has made a new splash, meeting the cultural needs of different groups of people. Inspirational drama "Beyond it! A Juan shows the traditional non-legacy of "Awakening the Lion", the romantic drama "The Great New Year’s Eve" reflects the contemporary young people’s views on marriage and love through personal growth, and the light comedy "Aunt’s World New Year’s Eve" focuses on social hot topics from the perspective of the elderly … According to incomplete statistics, only a short video platform has 8 works played more than 100 million times during the Spring Festival. According to statistics, in 2023, the market size of China’s online miniseries reached 37.39 billion yuan, and it is expected to exceed 100 billion yuan in 2027.

  The popularity of miniseries is inseparable from the artistic expression that conforms to the iteration of media change. At present, short video has become one of the important ways of people’s daily entertainment. Based on the short video, the mini-short drama has the advantages of small volume, fast pace, dense plot and many reversals, which is more suitable for fragmented viewing time. At the same time, in the early stage of the development of miniseries, most of the works were produced by users themselves. The low threshold creation of the Internet has ignited the public’s enthusiasm for recording all kinds of life and expressing their true feelings. In addition, the production cycle of miniseries is short, the cost of setting scenes is low, the shooting cost is low, and there are many opportunities for realizing. This provides more opportunities for young people, which is conducive to the emergence of ideas and the enhancement of content richness.

  It should also be noted that some unavoidable problems have also been exposed in the rapid development of miniseries. For example, shoddy work for quick delivery and low style for eye-catching will certainly do harm to the healthy creative ecology and business cycle. As a new cultural product with a wide audience, miniseries can’t go astray in extensive development, and should pay more attention to quality while attracting traffic.

  Supervision and support go hand in hand to guide the orderly development of micro-short plays. In order to promote the high-quality development of miniseries, the State Administration of Radio and Television has repeatedly carried out special rectification and industry standardization, and made efforts to curb its barbaric growth and turn the governance work into normalization. At the same time, for outstanding works, the management department also gives strong support in financial support, expert guidance, award evaluation, matrix publicity and other aspects, and actively expands new tracks, such as combining with local cultural tours, to open up new ideas for the development of micro-short dramas. Facing the future, further strengthening effective supervision and strengthening policy support can help the high-quality development of the industry.

  Attract professional teams to enter the market and promote the upgrading of micro-short plays. On the one hand, we should give full play to the professional advantages of traditional film and television companies, well-known directors and actors, and start with the whole chain of project planning, content creation, shooting and editing, publicity and promotion, so as to promote the overall improvement of the quality level of miniseries. On the other hand, the video broadcasting platform can provide support for micro-short plays, content incubation, talent training, etc., and systematically arrange the massive content in the past, creating a schedule system and a theater system to make the works reach the audience better.

  Strengthen the awareness of fine products and win a double harvest of traffic and word of mouth. Miniature plays have horizontal and vertical screens, but the key to touching people’s hearts lies in quality. Nowadays, more and more creators abandon impetuousness, seek inspiration from fiery real life, temper quality and improve taste with sincere attitude, and meet people’s growing spiritual and cultural needs. More dedication to fine works, micro but not weak, short and not shallow, both artistic, ideological and ornamental, this is the broad road to the high-quality development of micro-short plays.

  In the long run, miniseries are also a new cultural format. It is expected that the miniseries will continue to shine with new brilliance, move towards a broader stage in creation and communication, and become an effective carrier for telling the story of China.

  People’s Daily (April 1, 2024, 05 edition)

Four directions of financial support for real estate are clear, and a number of structural tools will be released.

  "Recently, we are studying and launching several other structural tools, mainly focusing on supporting the smooth operation of the real estate market, including the Baojiaolou loan support plan, the housing rental loan support plan, and the private enterprise bond financing support tools. We will make some other detailed disclosures and releases after the introduction." On January 13, at the press conference of the State Council Office, Zou Lan, Director of the Monetary Policy Department of the Central Bank, introduced.

  In the past few days, the real estate policy has been favorable. On the 10th, the People’s Bank of China and China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission jointly held a symposium on credit work of major banks. At the symposium, CBN was informed that in order to effectively prevent and resolve the risks of high-quality head housing enterprises and improve their assets and liabilities, the relevant departments drafted the Action Plan for Improving the Balance Sheet Plan of High-quality Housing Enterprises (hereinafter referred to as the Action Plan). The action plan focuses on 21 tasks from four aspects: assets, liabilities, rights and interests, and expectations, including the implementation of some issued policies and some new policies.

  Chen Wenjing, director of market research in the Index Division of the Central Finger Research Institute, said that the four major policy directions of financial support for real estate are clearer: differentiated credit support on the demand side, improvement of policy tools for guaranteeing the delivery of buildings, improvement of the balance sheets of high-quality housing enterprises, and improvement of financial support policies for housing leasing.

  Improve the balance sheet of high-quality housing enterprises

  From the specific content of the action plan, on the asset side, we should activate reasonable demand by optimizing policies, increase efforts to guarantee the delivery of buildings, stabilize real estate sales, compact the responsibility of enterprises to slim down and save themselves, and strive to improve the operating cash flow of high-quality housing enterprises. We will support the demand for rigid and improved housing, speed up the special loan for newly-added Baojiaolou, set up a 200-billion-yuan loan support plan for Baojiaolou, set up a special re-loan for national asset management companies, and set up a 100-billion-yuan housing rental loan support plan. A series of measures are accelerating.

  On the debt side, under the premise of risk control and ensuring the security of creditor’s rights, we will start with the stock and increment, increase the multi-channel financing support such as loans, bonds and asset management, and keep the financing cash flow of high-quality housing enterprises stable.

  On the equity side, support high-quality housing enterprises to enrich their capital through equity financing measures, reduce financial leverage and enhance their ability to resist risks.

  In terms of the expected improvement of the real estate market, it is clear that it is necessary to establish a positive image of high-quality housing enterprises, ensure the delivery time and quality of commercial housing, improve the quality of financial statements and information disclosure of housing enterprises, improve market expectations and rebuild industry confidence.

  Zou Lan said at the press conference that the action plan focuses on high-quality real estate enterprises that focus on their main business, operate in compliance, have good qualifications and have certain systemic importance, and focuses on promoting 21 tasks in four aspects: asset activation, debt succession, equity supplement and expected promotion. Comprehensive measures are taken to improve the cash flow of high-quality real estate enterprises and guide the balance sheets of high-quality real estate enterprises to return to a safe range. These tasks include not only the implementation of the policies that have been issued, but also a series of new measures such as setting up special refinancing for national asset management companies and setting up housing rental loan support plans.

  While clarifying the basic conditions of high-quality housing enterprises, the action plan indicates that there is no specific list, and financial institutions can grasp it independently. At present, most real estate enterprises that have signed intention credit agreements with state-owned banks and other prime bank can be classified as high-quality real estate enterprises. The industry also believes that the absence of a specific list means that the scope of supporting enterprises is also expanding.

  Liu Shui, director of enterprise research at the China Central Finger Research Institute, believes that the formulation of the action plan shows that the management department has made a more systematic and overall solution to prevent and resolve the risks of high-quality head housing enterprises. "Asset activation effectively improves the operating and financing cash flow of housing enterprises. Debt continues to ease the liquidity tension. Supplement equity, optimize the structure of assets and liabilities, and reduce leverage ratio. The expected improvement will repair industry confidence. "

  "Three lines and four gears" will be adjusted

  What is particularly striking is that the action plan clearly needs to improve the "three lines and four files" rules for 30 pilot housing enterprises, and improve some parameter settings on the basis of keeping the overall framework of the rules unchanged.

  The so-called "three lines and four gears" means that in August 2020, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the central bank held a symposium on key real estate enterprises, at which three regulatory requirements were put forward: the asset-liability ratio excluding advance payments should not be greater than 70%, the net debt ratio should not be greater than 100%, and the cash short-term debt ratio should not be less than 1 times.

  According to the number of lines on the "three red lines", real estate enterprises are divided into four grades of management: red, orange, yellow and green. For each grade reduction, the upper limit of the growth rate of interest-bearing liabilities will increase by 5%, and the annual growth rate of interest-bearing liabilities of real estate enterprises in the green position should not exceed 15%.

  According to the regulatory requirements, from January 1, 2021, housing enterprises officially entered the test period of reducing leverage; By the end of June 2023, all the "three red lines" indicators of pilot housing enterprises must meet the standards, and all housing enterprises will meet the standards by the end of 2023.

  Since then, downshifting, debt reduction and burden reduction have become the main theme of housing enterprise management. In this tide of reducing leverage, many housing enterprises optimize their balance sheets by reducing borrowing and controlling land acquisition. Until 2021, the leverage ratio of the whole industry generally showed a downward trend. However, since 2022, affected by repeated epidemics, supply cuts and other factors, the sales of housing enterprises have fallen sharply, and the return and cash holdings have dropped significantly. The "stepping on the line" housing enterprises have a tendency to expand.

  According to Cree’s statistics, from the classification of sample real estate enterprises, the number of real estate enterprises stepping on the line has increased significantly since the middle of 2021, and the proportion of green housing enterprises in the first half of 2022 has dropped from 42% at the beginning of the year to 32%; The proportion of yellow, orange and red housing enterprises has risen, and the proportion of red housing enterprises has increased year by year, from 7% in mid-2021 to 17% in mid-2022.

  At the same time, there is the problem of excessive contraction of financial institutions. Some financial institutions will require that the balance of interest-bearing liabilities of "red-file" enterprises should not be increased, which is misunderstood as that banks are not allowed to issue new development loans. After the enterprises pay back the loans, the newly started projects that should have been reasonably supported will not get loans, which has also caused some enterprises’ capital chains to be tight to some extent.

  Last year, industry suggestions for fine-tuning the "three red lines" began to appear. For example, Sheng Songcheng, former director of the Survey and Statistics Department of the People’s Bank of China, suggested in April last year that the deleveraging cycle should be appropriately extended without changing the goal of deleveraging policy, including appropriately adjusting the three red lines and loan concentration assessment requirements, so as to gain time for the industry to respond to the epidemic.

  At the beginning of last year, there was market news that banks had informed some large-scale high-quality real estate enterprises that the relevant M&A loans were no longer included in the "three red lines" related indicators for the debt-bearing acquisition of insurance enterprise projects. However, the "third line and fourth gear" is still an important criterion for financial institutions to judge housing enterprises.

  Experts interviewed in the industry believe that the "three red lines" standard will be fine-tuned, and it is expected that the requirements of the red line will not change. It may be the same as the loan concentration, extending or setting the transition period, weakening different gears, and increasing the tolerance for debt growth. The requirements for land acquisition and cash flow will also decrease. As a result, some enterprises will have certain leverage space.

  Yan Yuejin, research director of Shanghai Yiju Real Estate Research Institute, believes that mortgage concentration and three red lines will continue to be implemented, and the overall reform idea is still in line with the long-term mechanism of real estate financial management, but it will be combined with short-term and medium-and long-term work. At present, the short-term emergency policy will be emphasized, so the concentration of mortgage and the three red lines will be relaxed or buffered.

  Liu Shui said that reasonably extending the transition period of the real estate loan concentration management system and improving the parameter setting of the "three-line and four-file" rules of housing enterprises will give housing enterprises a relaxed financing environment and reduce the pressure of financing and debt. On the one hand, extend the transition period of real estate loan concentration management system, reduce the credit constraints of banks, and provide loose conditions for banks to support real estate financing. On the other hand, according to the actual situation of the industry, flexibly adjusting and perfecting the parameter settings of "three lines and four gears" and reducing the requirements for housing enterprises can reduce the pressure on the operation, financing and debt of housing enterprises.

  The market is expected to go out of the trough.

  "The industry’s debt structure is highly diversified, and financial liabilities only account for 31%, of which bank development loans account for 14%, domestic and foreign bonds account for 9%, and non-standard financing accounts for 8%; The rest are mainly 30% of the upstream and downstream enterprises, 32% of the individual house payment in advance, and 7% of the taxes and fees delayed. " Zou Lan said at the press conference.

  Real estate has a systematic impact on economic development and risk prevention and control. The Central Economic Work Conference made it clear that to effectively prevent and resolve major economic and financial risks, it is necessary to ensure the stable development of the real estate market, do a solid job in ensuring the delivery of buildings, people’s livelihood and stability, meet the reasonable financing needs of the industry, effectively prevent and resolve the risks of high-quality head housing enterprises, and improve the balance sheet.

  Since 2022, in response to some adjustments in the real estate market, financial management departments have made efforts from both supply and demand to promote the smooth operation of the real estate market. With the gradual emergence of relevant policies, the financing environment of the real estate industry, especially high-quality housing enterprises, has improved significantly.

  Zou Lan introduced that from September to November 2022, real estate development loans increased by more than 170 billion yuan, an increase of more than 200 billion yuan year-on-year. In the fourth quarter of 2022, domestic real estate corporate bonds issued more than 120 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 22%.

  "Recently, many banks have signed a huge amount of strategic credit cooperation with real estate enterprises, but they are all thunder and rain." A person from the investment banking department of a brokerage firm who has been tracking the real estate sector for a long time said that banks may delay the landing on the grounds that the concentration of real estate loans has been relatively high. If the action plan is followed up, it may clear the way for financial institutions such as banks to provide support to the real estate industry.

  Yuan Hao, an analyst in the real estate industry of Shenwan Hongyuan, believes that improving the "three lines and four files" rules for 30 pilot housing enterprises indicates that the scope of the "guarantee subject" will be further expanded, and the debt growth ceiling of the "four files" housing enterprises will be optimized, especially the green file housing enterprises may have more room for expansion at the debt end, and the subsequent green file housing enterprises will be more active in land acquisition and help the sales increase steadily.

  Lian Ping, chief economist and dean of the research institute of Zhixin Investment, believes that in 2023, driven by stronger policies, the real estate market is expected to gradually step out of the "trough" in the second half of the second quarter, and key cities will take the lead in stabilizing and rebounding. The growth rate of real estate sales, land acquisition and investment throughout the year is marginally improved compared with that in 2022. At the same time, a series of factors such as improved demand, improved employment environment, accelerated repair of service consumption, increased support for boosting policies and low base will promote a significant rebound in social consumption.

And the United States should cancel unreasonable tariffs as soon as possible to eliminate negative assets that affect Sino-US relations.

  Recently, Vice President Han Zheng, Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Pan Gongsheng, Governor of the People’s Bank of China and Director of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, met with Paulson, former US Treasury Secretary and chairman of the Paulson Foundation, respectively, demonstrating China’s sincerity in improving Sino-US relations. Washington should reduce provocation, take measures and respond positively to the goodwill released by Beijing.

  It is in the common interest of both sides to stabilize Sino-US relations. China and the United States are seeking cooperation in areas where there is no direct conflict of interest, such as climate change, and strengthening communication when they cannot be decoupled from each other. Climate change is one of the areas where the two sides can maintain exchanges at present, so that the relationship between the two countries can withstand the test of the dispute storm. However, once a conflict breaks out, all these efforts will be wasted.

  Therefore, Washington should reduce provocation, take measures, move in the opposite direction with China, and jointly push Sino-US relations back to a healthy and stable track. For example, the United States should cancel the punitive tariffs against China initiated in July 2018 as soon as possible, and remove China enterprises from its list of so-called entities.

  Regrettably, however, the United States added 11 China enterprises to its export control list on the grounds of "national security" on Monday.

  It is not in the interests of the two peoples, the expectations of the international community and the development trend of the times for Sino-US relations to fall into a trough. China’s policy toward the United States is stable and continuous. It is hoped that the US policy toward China will return to a rational and pragmatic track, take concrete actions, lengthen the positive list and narrow the negative list, and work with China to explore ways for the two great powers of China and the United States to coexist peacefully.

  Biden’s government should realize that neither the tariff war initiated by its predecessor nor the list of entities it continues to extend is the right way to handle the relations between the two countries. Both are negative assets for Washington, not strategic assets. It is time for Biden’s administration to eliminate these unreasonable burdens in Sino-US relations.

Never forget the home country | "Heroes are the brightest coordinates of the nation"

"The economy has developed, but the spirit has lost. Can that country be called strong?" On March 18th, 2014, the question raised by General Secretary of the Supreme Leader at the enlarged meeting of the Standing Committee of Lankao County Committee in Henan Province was thought-provoking.

A nation without spiritual strength can hardly strive for self-improvement. The reason why the Chinese nation can be reborn after suffering setbacks is precisely because the national spirit has provided strong support.

In 2016, at the opening ceremony of the 10th National Congress of the China Federation of Literary and Art Circles and the 9th National Congress of the Chinese Writers Association, the General Secretary pointed out that the motherland is the most solid support of the people and the hero is the brightest coordinate of the nation.

Coordinate is an important tool for us to position ourselves and know the world, and it is also our goal direction and spiritual guidance on the road of life.

The general secretary asked for heroes as "coordinates", which conveyed deep-seated culture and values. This is the respect and admiration for heroes, but also the inheritance and promotion of heroic spirit and heroic quality.

In September 2015, during the 26th collective study in the 18th the Political Bureau of the Central Committee, the General Secretary talked about the letters from the martyrs of Zhao Yiman.

He pointed out that the letters from these revolutionary martyrs are the most vivid and convincing teaching materials for the education of ideals and beliefs, and they should be compiled into volumes and distributed to party member and cadres, and everyone should read and think about them frequently.

In September 2018, during an inspection tour in Fushun, Liaoning Province, the General Secretary went to lei feng memorial to visit Lei Feng’s handwriting, relics and photos to learn about his life story.

He emphasized that we should not only learn from the spirit of Lei Feng, but also learn from the practices of Lei Feng, turn lofty ideals, beliefs and moral pursuit into concrete actions, embody them in ordinary work and life, make our due contribution, and pass on the spirit of Lei Feng from generation to generation.

In August 2020, the general secretary came to Luojiatuan section of Chaohu levee in Hefei, Anhui. When visiting the relatives of comrades who died unfortunately in flood control and flood fighting, the general secretary said: "Your relatives are also our relatives, relatives of the people of the motherland, and heroes in our minds. When the Chinese nation is in danger, there are always some heroes who come forward. This is the embodiment of the great Chinese national spirit, and we will all respect them. "

… … … …

Different times make different heroes.

From ancient times to the present, whether it is Yue Fei’s loyal service to the country, Lin Zexu’s Destruction of Opium at Humen, or Huang Jiguang’s sacrifice to block the loophole, Wang Jinxi’s use of his body to mix cement and suppress the blowout … … They all stood up the backbone of the nation with their firm beliefs and feats of brave sacrifice and selfless dedication. They are all the shining coordinates of the national spirit.

Any country, any nation, at any time, needs its own hero.

Today, we also need heroes.

Poverty alleviation, fighting the epidemic, fighting the flood, and fighting the fire … … In the new era, ordinary people who stand up at critical moments and have the courage to take the lead and get out at critical moments have jointly built a monument to heroic spirit.

Qian Qihu, an expert in protective engineering who casts shields for the country, said: "When the motherland needs it, we will respond to the call"; Nie Haisheng, an astronaut who is determined to serve the country, said: "Be ready at all times and accept the choice of the motherland"; Du Fuguo, a demining soldier loyal to his mission, said, "Stand back and let me do it" … …

As the general secretary said, all people who control their own destiny for the Chinese nation and create a new path for national development are national heroes and national glory.

Love heroes and cherish heroes, and the country can produce heroes in large numbers; Only when heroes come forth in large numbers can the nation truly rise and the country truly become strong.

Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has always led the whole society to admire, defend and learn from heroes, praised meritorious figures with lofty courtesy, and cared for heroic models with practical actions.

China not only legally stipulates September 30th as the Martyrs’ Memorial Day, and promulgated the Law on the Protection of Heroes and Martyrs in People’s Republic of China (PRC), but also established the honorary commendation system for China’s special meritorious service such as the Medal of the Republic, the Medal of July 1st and the Medal of August 1st. Tell heroic stories, carry forward heroic morality, and convey the distinct value orientation of defending heroic martyrs.

Heroes are the brightest coordinates of the nation.

Taking the hero as the coordinate means that we should consciously integrate the heroic spirit into the practical actions to promote social development and national progress. Only in this way can we stand firm in the torrent of history and stand firm; In order to find a way out in the predicament, go forward bravely!

Deeply grasp the outstanding characteristics of Chinese civilization, which has outstanding peace.

  People’s Daily (August 14, 2023, 09 edition)

  The Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation, and the pursuit of peace, harmony and harmony is deeply rooted in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Chinese civilization has outstanding peace, which fundamentally determines that China has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of the international order.". A profound understanding of the outstanding peace of Chinese civilization is of great significance for a comprehensive understanding of the long-lasting and continuous development process of Chinese civilization, for taking the road of peaceful development today and promoting the construction of a community of human destiny. This academic edition focuses on "Chinese civilization has outstanding peace".

  — — Editor

  Deeply understand the outstanding peace of Chinese civilization (on academic balance)

  Wang Jie

  Chinese civilization with a history of more than 5,000 years has always advocated peace. The pursuit of peace, harmony and harmony is deeply rooted in the spiritual world of the Chinese nation. In his important speech at the forum on cultural inheritance and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that "Chinese civilization has outstanding peace". In Chinese civilization, the concepts of "harmony is the most important", "harmony without difference", "good neighbors", "world peace" and "world harmony" have been passed down from generation to generation. Peace is the essence of Chinese civilization, the deep spiritual pursuit of the Chinese nation and the inevitable requirement of building a better world.

  Many elements shape the peace of Chinese civilization.

  Throughout the ages, the Chinese nation has a position and influence in the world, not by belligerence or external expansion, but by the powerful appeal and attraction of Chinese culture. Chinese excellent traditional culture is the wisdom crystallization of Chinese civilization, and its many elements jointly shape the peace of Chinese civilization.

  The spiritual pursuit of being virtuous and carrying things, being virtuous and being broad-minded provides spiritual support for shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. The Book of Changes says: "The terrain is vast, and a gentleman carries things with kindness", which means that the momentum of the earth is generous and smooth, and a gentleman should treat people and things all over the world with generosity. At the beginning of "University", it is said that "the way of university is to show virtue clearly", and in "The Analects of Confucius", it is said that "people can spread Taoism, but not Taoism", which inspires people to carry forward the aboveboard virtue and consciously carry forward the "Tao". This spiritual pursuit of being virtuous, caring for others, and being virtuous and broad-minded, through the practice and inheritance of Chinese sons and daughters and the long history, has formed the interpersonal relationship principle of "don’t do to others what you don’t want them to do to you" and "push yourself and others if you want to achieve it", and constructed a world with moral order.

  The social ideal of "the world is public and the world is harmonious" provides an ideal support for shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. The Book of Rites says: "A trip to the main road is also a public service." "People don’t only kiss their relatives, they don’t only have their sons and daughters, so that they can have a good old age, be strong and useful, and those who are proud, widowed, lonely, independent and disabled will be provided for." "So they seek closure but don’t prosper, and they steal thieves and don’t do it, so they don’t close their doors. The ancients in China said that "the world is not dominated by one person, so is the world" and "within the four seas, all men are brothers". They believed that "the world" is not dominated by individuals, countries and ethnic groups, but by all people, countries and ethnic groups, expressing the desire and ideal that all people, countries and ethnic groups should treat each other as equals, get along well with each other and help each other.

  The way of communicating with others, caring for others and being kind to neighbors, has provided practical support for shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. "Strengthening Faith and Forgiveness" comes from the Book of Rites and Liyun, which is about keeping faith with each other and establishing a harmonious relationship. "Kindness and Kindness to Neighbors" comes from Zuo Zhuan’s Six Years of Seclusion, which is about being close to benevolence and being friendly to neighboring countries. This is the general plan for governing the country. Chinese civilization is a great civilization that advocates faithfulness, harmony, benevolence and friendliness. Between individuals, groups, nations and countries, it is the way of life and communication formed by the Chinese nation based on the pursuit of the ideal of great harmony with Mingde. The Silk Road is the fruit of this kind of communication, which is based on faith, friendship and good neighborliness. More than 100 years BC, China began to open up the Silk Road to the Western Regions. China and the ancestors on the Eurasian continent braved difficulties and explored and opened up a number of trade and cultural exchange channels connecting Asia, Europe and Africa. In the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Shen Yue said in the Book of Song that "boats and ships follow the road, and merchants and envoys make friends", which recorded the lively scenes and prosperity of merchants and envoys on the Silk Road. The Silk Road spirit of peaceful cooperation, openness, tolerance, mutual learning and mutual benefit has been passed down from generation to generation. Today, China and the countries and regions that have jointly established the Belt and Road Initiative have strengthened interconnection, sought common prosperity and development, and endowed the new era connotation with the way of upholding faith, repairing friendship, and being kind to neighbors.

  Other important elements of Chinese excellent traditional culture have also played an important role in jointly shaping the peace of Chinese civilization. For example, the ecological concept of harmony between man and nature, the philosophical thought of seeking truth from facts, the unity of knowledge and action, and the thinking method of adhering to two purposes and keeping the middle to achieve harmony have all contributed to the formation of an open, inclusive, peaceful and upright civilization of Chinese civilization beyond the constraints of local culture, blood lineage and religious beliefs.

  The peace of Chinese civilization has rich and profound connotations.

  Harmony is one of the core values of Chinese civilization. In a certain sense, Chinese civilization is a kind of "harmony" civilization. The spiritual ideal of Chinese civilization is peaceful and firm, broad-minded and open-minded, and has a deep concern for the fate of mankind. The peace of Chinese civilization has rich and profound connotations.

  Advocate caution against war. Historically, China has long been one of the most powerful countries in the world, but it has never colonized or invaded other countries. In Zuo Zhuan, it is said that "stopping fighting is martial arts", which means that stopping fighting is martial arts, and stopping fighting is the real martial arts. The true meaning of "martial arts" is to eliminate wars and stabilize the people. At the beginning of the Art of War, Sun Tzu said: "A soldier is a major event of the country, a place of death and life, and a way of survival." He advocated caution against war. The first article of Sima Fa, which is also an early work on the art of war, is Benevolence, the core idea of which is that the principle of benevolence should be implemented in war, and "Although the country is big, belligerence will die" comes from this. Chinese has long understood the role of peace in safeguarding civilization and the destructive role of war in civilization. Believing in the law of the jungle, bullying the weak by the strong and militarising the armed forces will surely lead to extinction. For thousands of years, peace has been deeply branded in the characteristics of Chinese civilization, carved into the genes of Chinese children and integrated into the blood of the Chinese nation.

  Advocate mutual coordination. From peace and harmony to harmony and harmony, Chinese’s exploration of "harmony" is not only reflected in the relationship between war and peace, but also goes deep into the laws of nature and the development of human society to understand "harmony". "He who is in harmony can achieve the Tao in the world" and "To achieve harmony, the status of heaven and everything can be nurtured". Both nature and human society should pursue the ideal realm and perfect order of "harmony" through coordinated development. The key to realize the harmony between man and nature lies in "harmony between man and nature"; To achieve harmony between people, the key lies in mutual respect; To achieve human harmony, it is necessary to achieve physical and mental coordination, and to improve one’s personality and morality through practice and introspection.

  Advocate symbiosis. Chinese’s "harmony" is not exactly the same and unchanged, and it does not pursue a single, static and undifferentiated harmony, but on the basis of respecting the diversity and differences of things, it achieves a higher level of harmony and unity through mutual coordination and interaction. "On Mencius Teng Wengong" said: "The husband and things are not uniform, and the feelings of things are also." Warn people not to treat the differences of things simply and rudely, and not to force them to be eliminated. The Analects of Confucius Zi Lu said: "Gentlemen are harmonious but different, while villains are the same but not harmonious". "Harmony without difference" pursues internal harmony and friendliness, rather than superficial similarity and consistency, which is the basic law of symbiosis between individuals and groups of human beings. It can be seen that the spirit of "harmony" is a kind of recognition of others, respect for differences and tolerance of dissidents, so as to achieve common ground while reserving differences and harmonious coexistence.

  Advocate traffic harmony. The Book of Changes says: "Heaven and earth meet and everything is connected, and the upper and lower sides meet and have the same aspirations", which means that only when heaven and earth meet with Yin and Yang can everything be born and raised smoothly; Only by communicating with the whole society can we share the same interests. "Zhuangzi Tian Zifang" said: "The traffic between them is harmonious, but things are endless". The ancients in China believed that only by opening communication can we develop, progress and be full of vitality, and achieve a state of "harmony". The Book of Rites says: "Learning alone without friends is ignorant". In the Book of Changes, it is said that "a gentleman teaches with friends", which is intended to encourage friends to learn from each other, learn from each other, and benefit from each other. Chinese civilization is a civilization that grows on the land of China, and it is also a civilization formed by continuous exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations. Chinese civilization always upholds a peaceful and inclusive attitude towards other civilizations, instead of rejecting, confronting and conquering, and draws on the strengths of different civilizations through active dialogue and exchange, so as to achieve innovation and transcendence through reference and absorption. This wisdom of "harmony" enables Chinese civilization to develop and grow continuously.

  Lay a solid historical foundation for promoting the building of a community of human destiny.

  The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been a builder of world peace, a contributor to global development and a defender of the international order, which has laid a solid historical foundation and provided abundant cultural nourishment for China to unswervingly follow the path of peaceful development and promote the building of a community of human destiny in the new era.

  The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been a builder of world peace. Chinese civilization has been inheriting the ideas of loving peace, advocating harmony and pursuing harmony for more than five thousand years. Since the founding of New China more than 70 years ago, China has never initiated any war or conflict, nor occupied an inch of other countries’ land. China actively participates in the process of international arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation, opposes the arms race and maintains global strategic balance and stability. It is a permanent member of the Security Council with the largest number of peacekeepers and the second largest peacekeeping contributor to the United Nations. China adheres to true multilateralism and plays a constructive role in global security governance. Looking back at the history of the world, some countries invaded, colonized and plundered in the process of modernization, which brought deep suffering to the people of developing countries. China does not follow the old road of imperialism and colonialism, does not copy the development model of western countries, does not rely on colonial plunder, and does not pass on contradictions. Through independence and hard struggle, and through mutual learning and win-win cooperation with other countries, it has achieved the miracle of rapid economic development and long-term social stability that has attracted worldwide attention on the road of peaceful development, which has opened a brand-new page in the history of human modernization and made important contributions to the exploration of human modernization.

  The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been a contributor to global development. For more than 5,000 years, Chinese civilization has been inheriting the ideas of great harmony, coexistence and harmonious transportation. Today, China, as a big country that promotes common global development, carries forward these ideas. China unswervingly adheres to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, pursues an open strategy of mutual benefit and win-win, adheres to the correct direction of economic globalization, and constantly provides new opportunities for the world with the new development of China. We will increase investment in resources for global development cooperation, firmly support and help developing countries to accelerate their development, jointly cultivate new kinetic energy for global development, jointly create an international environment conducive to development, and promote the construction of an open world economy. This year marks the 10th anniversary of the initiative to jointly build the Belt and Road. Building the Belt and Road has become a popular platform for international public goods and international cooperation, which has effectively enhanced China’s ability to open up to the outside world, the resilience and vitality of building a new paradigm of national development and international cooperation, and injected more strong momentum into global development.

  The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization fundamentally determines that China has always been the defender of the international order. "those who talk about the world must follow the public of the world." The peaceful nature of Chinese civilization determines that China can think about the future and destiny of mankind from the perspective of the overall interests of mankind, adhere to unity and cooperation, and never engage in a small circle of "sharing the same party and cutting differences". China adheres to true multilateralism, firmly upholds the international system with the United Nations at the core, the international order based on international law and the basic norms of international relations based on the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations, and opposes all forms of unilateralism. We should practice the concept of global governance, actively participate in global governance, promote multilateral mechanisms such as the World Trade Organization and the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation to play a better role, expand the influence of cooperation mechanisms such as the BRICS countries and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, enhance the representation and voice of developing countries and emerging market countries in global affairs, and promote the development of the global governance system in a more just and rational direction.

  Seeking peace and development embodies the wisdom of the Chinese nation’s endless and vigorous development. The outstanding peace of Chinese civilization has given us strong confidence and rich wisdom to take the road of peaceful development and promote the building of a community of human destiny. We should continue to dig deep into the rich connotation of Chinese civilization’s peace, realize creative transformation and innovative development, and put forward more Chinese plans, so as to show greater value and strength on the road of human beings to meet risk challenges and open up a bright future.

  (The author is a professor at the Philosophy Teaching and Research Department of the Central Party School (National School of Administration))

  Peace is rooted in the depths of Chinese civilization (academic essay)

  Han Jianye

  The Chinese nation is a peace-loving nation and knows the value of peace. Harmony and stability are the way of life of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, peaceful symbiosis is the way of life of the Chinese nation for thousands of years, and harmony, benevolence and goodness are the cultural genes of Chinese civilization for thousands of years. In the long-term development, Chinese civilization has formed a unique world view of harmony between man and nature, an international view of harmony with all nations, a harmonious but different social view, a kind moral view of people’s hearts, and a peaceful and just view of war. Peace is rooted in the depths of Chinese civilization.

  The ancients in China believed that heaven and earth nurtured all things and gave birth to human beings, and that heaven and earth and people were interrelated. The cosmology of the unity of man and nature emphasizes universal connection and holistic thinking, and organically links the way of nature with human ethics. Everything in the universe and human society are both different and a unified whole, and they live in harmony and endlessly. This view of the universe contains cultural genes that conform to nature, fear nature and fear order. Harmony, stability and order are the way of life formed by Chinese ancestors in prehistoric times and have been continuing. For example, archaeological findings show that houses were distributed in rows in the villages of Xinglongwa Culture in the West Liaohe River basin 8,000 years ago, and the doors of Jiangzhai and other villages in Yangshao culture in the middle reaches of the Yellow River faced the central square more than 6,000 years ago, all of which showed that the society advocated collective interests and the social order was orderly. Eight thousand years ago, the tombs of Peiligang culture in the Yellow River valley were arranged neatly, and there was a custom of "clan burial", which extended the real social order to the world behind. No matter the orderly arrangement of settlements and tombs, the symmetry of the central axis of the capital city and the composition of ritual vessels, Chinese’s unremitting pursuit of order and stability is reflected.

  In ancient times, China advocated that all nations in the world live in harmony, live in harmony and symbiosis, do not kill innocent people, and never stop people from offering sacrifices, thus forming an international view of harmony among all nations. For example, after the establishment of the Western Zhou Dynasty, not only merchants’ descendants were granted titles in Song Dynasty, but also after Shennong, Huangdi, Yao, Shun and Yu, which was significantly different from the imperial view of aggression and expansion. Early cultural exchanges between China and the West appeared more than 5,000 years ago. China introduced painted pottery, millet and millet to the west, and also accepted sheep, cattle, wheat and metallurgy from the west. After the opening of the Silk Road in the Han Dynasty, daily necessities and civilian technologies such as silk, porcelain, papermaking, printing, compass and cast iron technology spread from China to all parts of the west, and the mode of communication was peaceful exchanges and commercial trade rather than wars of aggression. It is a consistent way for the Chinese nation to communicate with other civilizations, learn from each other and live in peace. The development of Chinese civilization is an example that different civilizations have made common progress through mutual dialogue and blending. There are more than 200 countries and regions, more than 2,500 nationalities and many religions in the world today, and different civilizations have their own characteristics and advantages. Only with mutual respect, interdependence, tolerance and mutual learning and common development can human civilization continue to develop and progress.

  Peace is also an important criterion of China’s ethics and thoughts. Chinese’s pursuit of peace is also reflected in his social outlook and moral outlook. "Harmony with real creatures, the same will not continue", "Gentlemen are harmonious but different, villains are harmonious but not harmonious" and "the beauty of harmony and soup lies in their differences". China has a vast and diverse geographical environment and colorful ethnic cultures, but the early China cultural circle was formed about 6,000 years ago. In the long-term development, all ethnic groups have formed a strong sense of community, common value pursuit and cultural identity, which is the inevitable result of the development of harmonious but different concepts. Only when the five tones are in harmony can there be a melody, and only when the five flavors are in harmony can it become delicious. Harmony without difference is the secret of harmony and stability of human society. Good is like water, and the benevolent loves others. It is the core content of Chinese national virtue to love oneself and family and to love others and society. Peace is combined with the value of "benevolence", and the concept of peace is practiced through caring for others. In the past 2,000 years, China was the largest economy in the world for most of the time, but China did not expand and colonize the outside world, which proved the kindness and friendship of the Chinese nation.

  Of course, war is sometimes inevitable, and peace does not mean cowardice. The Chinese nation has always adhered to the concept of peace and justice. Chinese knew the truth that "a soldier’s ominous weapon is not a gentleman’s weapon, so he has to use it". The way of civil and military affairs is, the first thing is to write before the martial arts, the first thing is to salute before the soldiers, not to provoke war, and not to be afraid of war. War must come from justice and for peace.

  Why does Chinese civilization have outstanding peace? There are many reasons, and a deep agricultural foundation is an important soil for peace. It can be said that peace is the internal pursuit of Chinese civilization from the source. Most of China is located in the middle latitude river area with moderate climate, which has good conditions for agricultural development. Agricultural production needs a long period, and long-term and stable social order is needed for seed selection, maintenance of land fertility, preparation of production tools and facilities, construction and maintenance of water conservancy facilities, and inheritance of production experience. In ancient China, there was the largest agricultural area in the world. Coupled with the complementary agricultural structure system of "rice in the south and millet in the north" and the introduction of crops such as wheat, the food source was relatively stable, which laid the foundation for stable settlement and peaceful development. The Chinese ancestors were attached to their homeland, and in most cases, the migration was just the farmers’ reclamation of new farmland, which formed a cultural character of pursuing order, stability, introversion and peace-loving in the long years.

  Peace can preserve the achievements of civilization for a long time, harmony can make civilization move forward steadily, and peace provides a guarantee for the continuous development of Chinese civilization. Today, we are still on the broad road of peaceful development and have achieved unprecedented development of a very large-scale country in a peaceful way. All the reasons for the success of China’s peaceful development are the light of Chinese civilization wisdom and the combination of our civilization genes and modern spirit. We must always adhere to and constantly activate the gene of peaceful civilization, work hand in hand with all progressive forces, and promote different countries and civilizations to build a community of human destiny on the basis of equality and mutual learning, and open up a better future for human society.

  (The author is a professor at the School of History, Renmin University of China)

  Lasting for a long time.

  Chinese civilization prospers and develops through exchanges and mutual learning.

  Xing Liju

  Chinese civilization has outstanding peace, which fundamentally determines that China constantly pursues exchanges and mutual learning among civilizations instead of engaging in cultural hegemony. Civilization is colorful because of communication, and civilization is enriched because of mutual learning. The exchange of civilizations and mutual learning is an important driving force for the continuous development of Chinese civilization for thousands of years, and it is also an important driving force for promoting the progress of human civilization and world peace and development. It is of great significance to grasp the outstanding peace of Chinese civilization and deeply understand the historical tradition of exchanges and mutual learning between Chinese civilization and other civilizations for building the modern civilization of the Chinese nation and promoting world peace and development.

  Chinese civilization has the traditional genes of openness, tolerance and harmonious symbiosis. Chinese civilization is essentially a "harmonious" civilization, and the Chinese nation inherits and pursues the concept of peace, harmony and harmony. The traditional culture of China believes that everything has its merits, so we should enrich ourselves with the modest attitude of "three people, we must learn from each other". The ancients in China emphasized that "tolerance is great" and "a gentleman carries things with kindness", which reflected the attitude of respecting and accommodating others. China’s ancient politics pursued "the world is one", carried out the political law of "being the best in the world", and upheld the feeling of "helping the world while reaching", which reflected the concern for the world order and human welfare. Harmony requires not only affirming and accepting the diversity of things, but also containing and accepting the differences of things, and integrating different things into a harmonious combination, in order to achieve the realm of "all things are nurtured without harming each other, and Tao is parallel without contradicting each other". Cultural genes precipitated in a long history have laid a solid foundation for Chinese civilization to realize exchanges and mutual learning.

  Chinese civilization has developed and strengthened through exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations. Since ancient times, Chinese civilization has been famous for its openness and tolerance. It has constantly renewed its vitality in exchanges and mutual learning with other civilizations, and achieved innovation and transcendence through learning from others. Zhang Qian opened up the Silk Road in history through the western regions, and opened the door for China to communicate with the outside world westward. Xuanzang went to Tianzhu to learn Buddhist scriptures, which promoted the translation and dissemination of Indian Buddhist classics in China. Jian Zhen traveled to Japan and spread the advanced culture of the Tang Dynasty to Japan. Zheng He’s seven voyages to the West promoted the trade and cultural exchanges between China and the West. The ancient Silk Road is an example of civilization exchange and mutual learning. Not only did China’s Confucianism and Taoism gradually spread to the west, but also religious cultures such as Buddhism, which originated in foreign countries, were introduced to China. While highlighting the national characteristics, Chinese civilization absorbs and draws lessons from foreign civilizations with an open mind, and realizes self-growth and innovation in mutual collision and intersection. Cultural and religious exchanges have not only made important contributions to the peaceful development of trade along the route, but also promoted mutual understanding at the humanistic level and in-depth communication at the spiritual level between Chinese and foreign people. It can be said that the exchange of civilizations and mutual learning is an important driving force for the enduring and continuous development of Chinese civilization.

  Civilization exchange and mutual learning have a profound impact on the concept of civilization of Chinese modernization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Chinese-style modernization is deeply rooted in Chinese excellent traditional culture, embodies the advanced essence of scientific socialism, draws on and absorbs all outstanding achievements of human civilization, represents the development direction of human civilization progress, and shows a new picture different from the western modernization model, which is a brand-new form of human civilization." Chinese-style modernization continues and renews the ancient Chinese civilization, and takes the creation of new forms of human civilization as one of its essential requirements. The unique concept of civilization contained in Chinese modernization not only has the lofty vision of Marxism to liberate all mankind, but also has the broad mind of Chinese civilization to help the world, which itself is the product of civilized exchange and mutual learning. This concept of civilization transcends the western concepts of hegemony, zero-sum game and egoism, and shows a new prospect of civilized development of exchange and mutual learning, win-win cooperation and joint construction and sharing.

  Civilization exchange and mutual learning is an important force to promote world peace and development. At present, human society is facing unprecedented challenges. The emergence of the theory of "clash of civilizations" and "superiority of civilizations" has aggravated the gap between different civilizations and hindered the exchanges and cooperation of the international community. China put forward the global civilization initiative, actively responded to the universal appeal of the international community for the exchange and mutual learning of civilizations, and led the way forward for the inclusive coexistence of civilizations. Civilized exchanges and mutual learning are the proper meanings for different countries, different nationalities and different cultures to enhance understanding, build mutual trust, build friendship and strengthen cooperation. Every nation in the world has its own cultural blood, and every country has its own origin of civilization. To understand the differences between different civilizations and appreciate the colorful beauty of civilizations, we must not only adhere to our own civilization tradition, but also take an open and inclusive attitude towards other civilizations. Only by strengthening exchanges and mutual learning between civilizations can we eliminate the barriers caused by cultural differences and avoid falling into the trap of clash of civilizations. The Global Civilization Initiative adheres to the concept of civilization of equality, mutual learning, dialogue and tolerance, and advocates realizing dialogue among civilizations with a broad mind, resolving divisions through unity, responding to confrontation through cooperation, and replacing exclusion with tolerance, which will surely make greater contributions to the rejuvenation of Chinese civilization and the progress of human society.

  (The author is a professor at the Institute of International Studies, Fudan University)

Kimi asks for human flesh, tianjin fire hero netizen spits out: no culture

Kimi Weibo was vomited by netizens

    1905 movie network news There was a major explosion in the coastal area of Tianjin last night, and many stars prayed in Weibo. At noon today, actor Kimi also sent Weibo to pray for Tianjin, calling for help to find out the families of firefighters to tide over the difficulties. However, he used words such as "human flesh" and "self-destruction", and his language was confusing, which was madly vomited by netizens.

    The original text of Weibo, Kimi is as follows:

    It’s not that moths still throw themselves into the fire, only for Tianjin, developed networks, omnipotent meager, please invite people to kill those heroes, remember their appearance, help their families, and share the current difficulties. Because everything will be fine.

    In this regard, netizens did not buy it, and they vomited their "no culture" and "low emotional intelligence" and asked him "Can heroes be eaten by human flesh?" . In the face of netizens’ spit, Kimi then deleted the Weibo.

How does HPV spread?

Original Xu Chao, I’m Chaoski.

After talking about "cauliflower" for so long, the old readers who pay attention to me can be said to be very familiar with it. However, there are still many hin people coming to ask questions about sharp tips every day.

Today, I will tell you enough about condyloma acuminatum once.

Now, if you see friends here, please sit up straight and put down your legs. Let’s begin our little class.

What is condyloma acuminatum?

Condyloma acuminatum, also known as "anal genital warts", usually manifests as soft papules or patches on the external genitalia, perianal skin, perineum or groin.

HPV is a kind of naked double-stranded DNA virus without envelope, belonging to the family Papillomavirus.

At present, among more than 200 subtypes of HPV that have been identified, more than 40 subtypes can spread through sexual contact and infect the anal genital area.

According to the carcinogenicity, HPV is divided into high-risk type and low-risk type. 90%-95% of condyloma acuminatum cases are caused by low-risk HPV types 6 and 11 [1,2].

How is condyloma acuminatum spread?

Human is the only natural reservoir of HPV, and the infected person is the source of HPV infection. There are many HPV in the genital skin mucosa, which is the repository of HPV and the source of virus transmission.

HPV spreads through contact with infected skin or mucosa, and the virus invades epidermal basal cells through tiny scratches. Verruca is not necessary for virus transmission, but it is highly contagious because of its high viral load.

Transmission route

1. Sexual transmission: it is the most important route of transmission, and skin-mucous contact in heterosexual or homosexual sex can cause infection [3].

2. Vertical transmission: It is common for mothers infected with HPV in reproductive tract to transmit it to newborns through placenta and yindao delivery. For example, recurrent papilloma in children’s respiratory tract may be caused by children infected with HPV6/11.

3. Indirect contact transmission: A small number of patients may get sick through non-sexual contact infection. According to some data, 10% of women were infected with HPV before they lived in apricot [4], suggesting that contact between mouth and hands and raw zhi devices can also infect HPV.

HPV infection can enter the incubation period without obvious symptoms and signs. The incubation period is usually 3 weeks to 8 months, with an average of 3 months. Studies have shown that in patients with condyloma acuminatum after new HPV infection, the median time from the detection of HPV6 or HPV11 to the discovery of condyloma acuminatum is 2.9 months [5].

What are the clinical manifestations and symptoms after being infected with condyloma acuminatum?

Appearance and texture: At the initial stage, the lesions of condyloma acuminatum showed local small papules, which gradually increased or increased from the needle to the millet size and spread to the surrounding area. The wart body can be single or multiple, and it can be papillary, cockscomb-shaped, cauliflower-shaped, flat, dome-shaped, filamentous, mushroom-shaped, pedicled, cerebral gyrus-shaped, plaque-like, smooth (especially on penis body) and so on. Condyloma acuminatum is soft to the touch, ranging from 1mm in diameter to several centimeters in size.

Color: Warts vary in color, ranging from pink to crimson (non-keratinizing lesions), gray (severe keratinizing lesions), brown-black (pigmented lesions) and violet.

Location: For boys, condyloma acuminatum mainly occurs in prepuce, Gui head, coronary sulcus, frenulum, Penis, urethral orifice, perianal region and scrotum. Girls are more likely to occur in Labia, urethral orifice, Vagina mouth, perineum, Vagina wall, cervix and perianal region. If anal sex occurs, warts may appear in the perianal region, anal canal and rectum for the recipient. In addition, if oral sex is performed, warts may also appear in the mouth.

Symptoms: There are generally no symptoms after being infected with condyloma acuminatum, which is one of the reasons why many people do not pay attention to or even delay treatment. A few people may have itching, foreign body sensation, pressure or burning sensation. Due to the increase of brittleness of skin lesions and friction, the skin is broken, soaked, eroded, bleeding or secondary infection, resulting in special odor. In addition, female patients may have increased vagina secretion.

Because condyloma acuminatum is easy to recur, or the warts affect daily life, patients often feel shame, social isolation, anxiety, depression, fear and guilt, and they are also worried that condyloma acuminatum will affect future fertility and increase cancer risk.

In addition, condyloma acuminatum also has a great influence on the feelings between sex partner, which may lead to family conflicts and even lead to the breakdown of relationships.

How to diagnose condyloma acuminatum?

Generally speaking, most patients infected with condyloma acuminatum may have contact history, such as multiple sexual partners, high-risk apricot behavior, or sexual partners with infection history, or close indirect contact history with patients with condyloma acuminatum, and so on. Through these medical histories, combined with the typical clinical manifestations of condyloma acuminatum, the diagnosis can be basically made through face-to-face diagnosis.

For those who cannot be clearly diagnosed by face-to-face examination, they can also be diagnosed by auxiliary examination [6].

1. Acetic acid white test: 3%-5% acetic acid solution is wet-applied or coated on the lesion to be examined and the surrounding skin mucosa. Within 3-5 minutes, if you see a uniform whitening area, it is a positive reaction.

2. Dermatoscope: Dermatoscope can non-invasively, quickly and clearly identify skin lesions, hyperplastic blood vessels and structures that cannot be recognized by naked eyes. Many literatures at home and abroad reported that the diagnostic rate of atypical condyloma acuminatum and tiny condyloma acuminatum by dermatoscope was over 90%.

3. Nucleic acid amplification test: HPV in skin lesions was detected by amplifying HPV-specific genes (L1, E6, E7 region genes), and nucleic acid detection methods included polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time fluorescence PCR, and in-situ hybridization test with nucleic acid probes.

4. Pathological examination: For typical skin lesions, histopathological biopsy is unnecessary. If there are some conditions such as uncertain diagnosis, pathological examination can be performed.

In addition, for condyloma acuminatum in anus, vagina and urethra, anoscope, colposcope and urethroscope may be needed for auxiliary examination.

How should condyloma acuminatum be treated?

If you are unfortunately infected with condyloma acuminatum, don’t panic, go to the dermatology department of public hospitals as soon as possible, and sometimes go to urology (boys)/gynecology (girls) for treatment.

The purpose of treating condyloma acuminatum is to remove the wart as soon as possible and eliminate the subclinical infection around the wart as much as possible to reduce or prevent recurrence.

Some people found out that the other person had warts after apricot behavior, and asked if they could use blocking drugs. Unfortunately, there are no blocking drugs for HPV (HIV has related blocking drugs).

Not only are there no blocking drugs, but there are no effective antiviral drugs against HPV at present, so it is impossible to eradicate HPV infection by systematic application of antiviral drugs [7].

If you find yourself growing warts, you can use drugs, physics, surgery, chemistry and other methods to remove them. However, at present, there is no definite evidence to show which treatment scheme is superior to other schemes, and no treatment scheme is suitable for all patients and all warts. All treatment methods have a certain recurrence rate.

According to the suggestion of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines for Condyloma Acuminatum in China (2021 Complete Edition), "The treatment of condyloma Acuminatum can be based on the size, number, location and shape of wart, the patient’s wishes, economic conditions and adverse reactions, and fully consider the individual differences of patients’ age, immune status and compliance, etc." [6].

Drug treatment includes: 0.5% podophyllotoxin tincture, 5% imiquimod cream, 80%-90% trichloroacetic acid solution and so on.

Physical therapy includes: cryotherapy, laser therapy, ionization and high frequency electrotome therapy, etc.

If the number of warts is small, pedicled or large, shearing and excision can be used under local anesthesia, supplemented by electrocautery to destroy the residual warts and control bleeding, without suture.

Photodynamic therapy is suitable for removing small warts and basal therapy after physical therapy to remove large warts. It can be used for the treatment in the cavity such as anal canal, urethral orifice, urethra and cervical canal.

Recurrence and cure

After treatment, condyloma acuminatum is cured by the disappearance of wart body.

However, the recurrence rate of condyloma acuminatum is very high, and the recurrence rate reported by different documents varies greatly, ranging from 10% to 70%. The recurrence rate is the highest within 3 months, and it gradually decreases with time.

At present, most scholars believe that if condyloma acuminatum does not recur after 6-9 months of treatment, the chance of recurrence will be reduced.

Although the recurrence rate of condyloma acuminatum is high, don’t think that you have a "terminal disease" after infection, but have confidence in the treatment.

How to prevent condyloma acuminatum?

Want to prevent condyloma acuminatum, in fact, it is not difficult, four words: "totally".

For people who have no apricot life, there is basically no need to worry about whether they will be infected with condyloma acuminatum. You know, avoiding apricot life is the most reliable way to prevent genital HPV infection.

If you want to have apricot behaviors, don’t engage in unsafe and high-risk apricot behaviors, such as making fire contracts and commercial apricot behaviors. Limiting the number of sex partner can reduce the risk of condyloma acuminatum.

In addition, wearing condoms in apricot life can also prevent condyloma acuminatum to some extent. However, wearing a condom may not be able to protect you, because you may also be infected with HPV in places that are not covered by condoms [8]. Don’t think it’s really safe to wear a condom when unsafe apricot behavior occurs. The safest thing is to avoid high-risk apricot behavior.

Vaccination with HPV vaccine can also prevent HPV infection, and tetravalent or nonavalent HPV vaccine can prevent 90%-95% of condyloma acuminatum. However, if you have been infected with HPV or have grown condyloma acuminatum, it is useless to vaccinate.

I’ve talked so much, I don’t know if you can read it carefully. Mainly because I have received too many inquiries about condyloma acuminatum, I sincerely hope that everyone can protect themselves and others and be healthy.

It’s not easy to write. Don’t you give a "like" or "watching" when you pass by?

references

[1] GARLAND S M, STEBEN M, SINGS H L, et al. Natural history of genital warts: analysis of the placebo arm of 2 randomized phase III trials of a quadrivalent human papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) vaccine [J]. J Infect Dis, 2009, 199(6): 805-14.

[2] BALL S L, WINDER D M, VAUGHAN K, et al. Analyses of human papillomavirus genotypes and viral loads in anogenital warts [J]. J Med Virol, 2011, 83(8): 1345-50.

[3] WRIGHT T C, JR. Natural history of HPV infections [J]. J Fam Pract, 2009, 58(9 Suppl HPV): S3-7.

[4] TAY S K, HO T H, LIM-TAN S K. Is genital human papillomavirus infection always sexually transmitted? [J]. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol, 1990, 30(3): 240-2.

[5] WINER R L, KIVIAT N B, HUGHES J P, et al. Development and duration of human papillomavirus lesions, after initial infection [J]. J Infect Dis, 2005, 191(5): 731-8.

Dermatology and Venereology Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Dermatologist Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Dermatology and Venereology Committee of Chinese Rehabilitation Medical Association. Clinical diagnosis and treatment guidelines for condyloma acuminatum in China (2021 full edition) [J]. chinese journal of dermatovenereology, 2021, 35(4): 359-74.

[7] WORKOWSKI K A, BOLAN G A, CENTERS FOR DISEASE C, et al. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015 [J]. MMWR Recomm Rep, 2015, 64(RR-03): 1-137.

[8] GILSON R, NUGENT D, WERNER R N, et al. 2019 IUSTI-Europe guideline for the management of anogenital warts [J]. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 2020, 34(8): 1644-53.

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Good news! Norovirus tetravalent vaccine developed in China has officially entered clinical research.

  Shanghai, June 4th (Reporter Jiang Hongbing) The tetravalent recombinant norovirus vaccine developed by Shanghai Pasteur Institute of China Academy of Sciences has been approved by National Medical Products Administration recently, and has officially entered clinical research as a national class I preventive biological product.

  Norovirus is the number one pathogen of acute viral gastroenteritis. How to develop a vaccine with broad protection has been an international problem for decades. Huang Zhong, a researcher from Shanghai Pasteur Institute, led the research team to construct a multivalent recombinant Norovirus vaccine prototype based on virus-like particles (VLP) by using genetic engineering technology. In April 2015, the Institute signed a cooperation agreement with Zhifei Bio to jointly develop a multivalent norovirus vaccine. The two sides worked together to tackle key problems, and it took four years to complete the pre-clinical research and development and clinical trial application of tetravalent recombinant norovirus vaccine (Pichia pastoris), and now it has been approved to carry out clinical trials. The vaccine contains recombinant virus-like particle antigens of four major Norovirus epidemic genotypes, which can theoretically prevent 80%— 90% norovirus infection and acute gastroenteritis caused by norovirus are the multivalent norovirus vaccine with the second highest clinical license price in the world.