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Harbin is a city with a history of only over a hundred years. Daowai District is an old city in Harbin, which was formed and developed earlier. It is also a witness to the historical memory of the city. There are not only buildings known as "Chinese Baroque", but also living carriers of Harbin folk snacks, performing arts, business and other cultures.

However, since the first phase of renovation project was started in 2007, Daowai historical block has suffered from blind renovation and tourism development. According to Yin Haijie, a professor of sociology at Harbin Institute of Technology, "the old road in people’s memory has changed its appearance, and the’ soul’ outside the road has been tottering."

About four or five years ago, Yin Haijie began to pay attention to all kinds of problems in the process of renovation of historical blocks outside Harbin. In 2014, he published a paper entitled "Cultural Mourning in the Renovation of Historical Blocks outside Harbin", which bluntly pointed out that "this renovation project, which started with the protection of historical buildings and culture outside Harbin, has gone astray in the complicated and chaotic competition for interests, and cultural protection has become neglected or too busy for all parties.

Nowadays, in the face of the rapid development of urbanization, not only Harbin, but also the protection of historical blocks all over the country is undergoing increasingly severe challenges. Therefore, The Paper (www.thepaper.cn) interviewed Professor Yin Haijie.

The PaperHow did the research topic of the renovation of historical blocks outside Harbin come into your sight?

Yin haijieI have been paying attention to Daowai Historic District for a long time, because it is the earliest developed area after Harbin opened its port. Moreover, I am from Harbin. When I was young, I liked the atmosphere outside the old road, and I often went there for a stroll when I was in college.

Harbin is a city formed by the construction of the Middle East Railway in modern times. In the 1920s and 1930s, the so-called "westernization" and "Europeanization" in Harbin were so fierce that after Zhang Xueliang came here, did he think it was still China? Then he promoted the construction of the Confucian Temple in Harbin, and wrote the Inscription of the Confucian Temple in Harbin.

After the opening of Harbin, China’s national capitalists and foreign comprador fought fiercely in this land, and in the process, China’s national capitalists did not lose to them. One of the most important things to remember is Wu Baixiang. I think he should be a figure in the history of China’s commercial development. He established a shareholder system similar to the present one long ago, and his internal management is very good.

Wu Baixiang founded the famous Tongji Shopping Mall outside the old road. My uncle used to work as a clerk in Tongji Shopping Mall. He once told me that Tongji Shopping Mall’s business area is half that of Lin Qiu Company (a Russian-run shopping mall), but its turnover is twice that of it. Tongji Shopping Mall was a very popular place in those days, and the building was also a "Chinese Baroque" style combining Chinese and Western styles. Originally, there were four mirrors at the entrance, and all passers-by had to take a photo. It was a very important landmark building in Harbin.

Chinese Baroque Architecture

About four or five years ago, I noticed some distressing things in Daowai area. One was barbaric transformation. After the workers came, all the walls were shoveled off. In fact, there were good diagrams and signs on them. Secondly, Tongji shopping mall was demolished, which is a sad thing for Harbin people.

The PaperIs the case of the renovation of the historical block outside Harbin typical in China?

Yin haijie: It should be typical. Nowadays, in the process of urbanization in the whole country, there are actually not many old cities left. I feel that the preservation of historical blocks in urban construction is a particularly urgent task. When I go abroad, in some countries, no one has the right to demolish buildings as long as they are more than 80 years old, regardless of the quality of the buildings themselves. If you want to demolish them, you must get the consent of the parliament.

But now we are very casual. When businessmen come, they can tear it down if they want. Some of them have even been listed as historical protected buildings, but they can still be torn down in some way. For example, Harbin demolished all the sites where the northeast anti-Japanese hero General Li Zhaolin was killed. It is a beautiful small building in itself. So I say that the protection of historical blocks is a very urgent task, but as a scholar, I often feel very powerless.

The Paper: According to your investigation, what forces are there in the process of rebuilding historical blocks outside Daodao?

Yin haijieI think the leading force is the government and developers, or the transformation reflects the will of a more harmonious political and business relationship. In contrast, the power of culture is too weak, and scholars like us just speak. Some old local residents are also ordinary people at the bottom of society. They have neither the right to participate in the renovation of historical blocks nor the possibility to speak out.

Overall, it is dominated by the government and implemented by developers, and the loss of culture becomes inevitable. However, a few years ago, local media and scholars also made some appeals. I am gratified that the large-scale destructive demolition has slowed down.

The PaperIt has been more than two years since your paper was published. Has the situation changed?

Yin haijie: there is basically no big change. Because Harbin wants to transform "Chinese Baroque Street" into a commercial tourist destination, it has been transformed. Now it’s called "repairing the old as before". After the merchants are moved away, the interior is renovated and then the investment is invited. This is basically the mode.

Even so, after re-inviting investment, everyone still likes it very much, because the "Chinese Baroque" building complex itself is very valuable, and the characteristics of combining Chinese and Western are very distinct. It is in contrast with another central street in Harbin, which is completely European-style, and it is two completely different cultural areas. I generally agree with this transformation. Although I haven’t given enough consideration to the loss of culture, at least the building has been preserved now.

Architectural art survived, but the living culture died.

The PaperWhat lessons do you think we should learn from this transformation?

Yin haijieAs a sociologist, I still pay more attention to the cultural characteristics of the city, which are more reflected in people’s life and management methods. Specific to Daowai District, the merchant culture here is particularly developed. Some people say that children outside will sell steamed buns at the age of 4, but this culture is not a solidified thing.

During the transformation, we should investigate all kinds of cultural elements and consider how to keep them in place. For example, food culture, the government should ask developers to find ways to make those small shops survive after the transformation. There are many snacks in Harbin outside the old road, and now there may be less than a quarter left, but even so, it can attract diners from all directions. We all hope that those "small burying shops" can survive. Their frontispiece is very small, and there are only two or three tables when they go in, but the taste they make is delicious. Like this, the government should try to help them keep their original flavor, improve their sanitary conditions and so on, and try to keep it there. But not now, as long as there is no money, you can only move away.

Laojie casserole house

In addition, there are many performing arts cultures in Daowai historical block, such as donkey shadow play, puppet show, etc. Originally, many "circle buildings" walked into it, which was a small stage. We should consider how to keep these in place during the transformation process. I think this aspect is not enough.

I call on government departments to consider culture first, then architecture, and then commerce and tourism in the process of rebuilding historical blocks. Culture must come first, not commerce. At least this thinking logic should be changed.

The PaperCultural protection and commercial development seem to be eternal problems and contradictions in the transformation of urban historical blocks.

Yin haijieYes, in this process, cultural protection is being ignored. Only the government can do this. If the government does not act, cultural protection will become empty talk. I think this is also a very important reason why our country is now "one thousand cities on one side". In the process of transformation, administrative forces often do not consider the value of culture at all.

The PaperAs far as you can see, are there any cases that have been done well in the whole country?

Yin haijieI remember that Kuanzhai Lane in Chengdu should have done a better job.

I have only been to the three lanes and seven alleys in Fuzhou, which gives me the feeling that the facade of the lanes and alleys has only been preserved. Sometimes when the door is opened, there is a clearing, and there are no buildings left, only walls left. Of course, it is not easy to keep it like this, but such buildings are not alive.

Outside the old road, it is a bit like the overpass in old Beijing, and all kinds of performing arts culture are very developed. If the old building of the overpass is still there, but the artists are gone, then this culture will be gone, right? I think cultural protection is imminent.

Because I like the old culture myself, I want to find such a place everywhere, but now it is almost gone. Historical blocks carry cultural memories, but we have destroyed too much in urban construction, especially in the large-scale urban transformation and relocation in the 1990 s. This is our big failure.

The Paper: What about the situation abroad?

Yin haijieI lived in Japan. We know that Japanese cities were badly damaged by World War II, but Nara and Kyoto were well protected. I know a Japanese professor who likes China culture very much. He said that Nara is a small Chang ‘an and Kyoto is a small Luoyang, so he also wanted to visit our Xi ‘an and Luoyang. Later, after I took him to see it, I left in great disappointment. How can I compare with Nara and Kyoto? The historical blocks have been completely destroyed, which is really regrettable. I feel very sorry after reading it for days.

The PaperDo you think there is a conflict between the economic slowdown in Northeast China and cultural protection?

Yin haijieCultural protection can only bring long-term economic benefits, and it can only promote the economy, not lead to economic decline. It is precisely because we don’t pay attention to cultural protection that a city has no culture and vitality and will eventually decline completely. A city with culture will always exude charm.

The following is an excerpt from Yin Haijie’s thesis by The Paper:

In 2007 and 2010, the first and second reconstruction projects of Daowai Historic District were started. The location is the most concentrated and exquisite part of existing Chinese Baroque buildings, namely Jingyang Street, Jingyu Street, Nansidao Street and Nanxun Street. After the second phase of the project, the third phase of the project with a larger area will be started soon.

This massive and time-consuming renovation project has involved many stakeholders, such as the government, developers, residents, old shops and so on, and all parties have started a game from their respective positions. In this interest-oriented game space led by the government and developers, the cultural protection of historical blocks is bound to be distorted. Under the pressure of transformation and the lure of interests, time-honored brands have gradually become "stale", and the interests of residents have nowhere to stretch, so they can only make a living by forbearing. No one has noticed that this renovation project, which started with the protection of historical buildings and culture outside the old road, has gone astray in the complicated and chaotic competition for interests, and cultural protection has become a blind spot that all parties have intentionally ignored or neglected.

First, the old brand: in the gap between the system transition and the wave of development

After several historical changes, some of these old brands have moved away from their original places, some have changed their flags, some have disappeared, and more have been lost under the demolition bulldozers. At present, there are only a few old brands left in Jingyu Street, such as Lao Dingfeng, Shiyitang and Hendry Glasses, but they have all been corporatized. Only a small number of shops still maintain the business model of "front shop and back factory" in the original old house (that is, processing at the back and selling at the front, which belongs to the traditional business model of small workshop).

The author mainly interviewed the traditional time-honored shops and corporatized time-honored shops.

Keeping the traditional time-honored brands often retains the original operation mode of shops and factories in front of them, and the current leaders are still the heirs of the time-honored brands, mostly from the old employees who worked here when they were young, and bought back the state-owned shops after the reform and opening up. Some of the time-honored brands rely on traditional flavor and favorable traffic location, and their business has been very prosperous, especially recognized by some old customers.

In fact, it is difficult for such a time-honored brand to get government support and protection. In addition, because it has changed from a state-owned enterprise to a private enterprise, it still maintains the standard of tax payment when it is state-owned, which makes some shops inefficient. The owner of Donglaishun said this:

"Now I have gone to the old-age pension and the room rate, and there is no big income. The high taxes paid by enterprises like us are all coming from state-owned enterprises, and taxes cannot be avoided. If you don’t want to pay taxes like that, you have to change your brand. If you take this brand off, it will be blind for hundreds of years. "

When the old shops can still be used, most of them are still willing to maintain the status quo and maintain the business characteristics and traditional flavor of the old brands. For example, Donglaishun, Hongguang Wonton Restaurant, etc. However, there are also some well-known Laozi shops that can’t resist the temptation of interests and the pressure of government decrees, and move away from their original places and transform them into modern mass-produced hotels, such as Zhangbaopu and Fanjiyong.

Although these shops have maintained their original flavor in history, their owners often have the conservative consciousness of small merchants, are short-sighted and only care about business. The culture carried by the shops is at most a signboard for their profit, and they do not cherish the culture itself. When the author asked about the history and culture of the time-honored brand, their attitude was very indifferent. The shopkeeper in Laodu replied, "There is nothing to say, just look at the introduction and you will know everything. We will tell you those things."

For the renovation of Daowai block, most shop owners have no concern about culture, but complain that the popularity of Daowai block has dropped sharply due to the renovation of pedestrian street and the cancellation of public transportation.

After the corporatization, the managers and employees of the time-honored shops are uniformly deployed by the superior companies, and most of them are young, and they have no inheritance relationship with the responsible persons in the history of the time-honored shops. The understanding of the history and culture of the time-honored shops only stays in the written introduction, which shows that the vivid history and culture have disappeared. The current manager of Shiyitang is an elder sister in her thirties. She is at a loss about the history and culture of Shiyitang.

Q: "Do you know anything about the history of the World Hall?"

A: "I don’t understand. Look at me, I’m so young and I just transferred here (take me outside the store and just show me the old brand signs and photos of the founders posted in the window)."

Q: "Do you have any inheritance relationship with him?"

A: "No, we are all from Shiyitang Pharmaceutical Company, not the original family type."

Some time-honored brands will retain some traditional techniques and techniques, but it is generally believed that the use of advanced equipment and the standardization of corporate management are in line with the development of the times, and traditional and backward things should be eliminated.

As for the ongoing block renovation here, because these workers are not indigenous residents outside the road, they just come to work here during the day, and they are completely unaware of the block renovation and cultural protection here.

Second, residents and ordinary merchants: in the relocation storm of leaving their homes,

Most of the residents and merchants interviewed have memories of the prosperous period after the end of the Cultural Revolution in the 1970s. In retrospect, a sense of pride as an outsider is beyond words, which is enough to see the splendid past of Daowai, leaving a deep impression on people’s hearts. As for the present situation outside Daoism, most of the residents interviewed think that it is not as good as before, and it is in decline, which is very regrettable. It is very sad that a large number of historical buildings, especially some popular old shops, have been demolished, just like remembering shopping malls. During the interview, several veteran residents said:

Interviewee 1: "How many places have been divided outside this road? Hongqi, Liaohe and Xianfeng Road, which are ceramics and collective strength, are all divided by outsiders. Earlier, our place was quite lively."

Interviewee 2: "This is really a bit extinct. Now there are few old brands outside the road, and the best ones outside the road are the same ones. "

Interviewee 3: "Tongji was the most popular in the early days, but it hasn’t been good since it was finished." Oh, my God, you didn’t even know about the old classmate earlier. Wow, it’s so beautiful. Once you go in, it’s like walking around the stairs. The thing of collecting money is like this. After that, you buy tickets and come back. When I was a child, I loved to go there and look in the mirror when I was finished. "

Interviewee 2: "Tongji’s manager (who stripped Tongji’s shopping mall) should be shot. If there is a classmate now, he can’t even open a shop. It’s a museum, and no one can enter, so he has to put a gun to it. The haha mirror at the door is sold for ten yuan (angry). "

A sea of people’s Tongji shopping mall

The newly-built Tongji Shopping Mall after being demolished has no trace of history (from the author’s field visit and shooting)

In the eyes of these ordinary people, the protection and planning of Daowai historical blocks is a matter for the government, and the people are powerless before the will of the government, so some people express helplessness and indifference. A small tailor shop owner in his fifties said this:

"Now it’s not what ordinary people want. The government has its own plan, and it can do whatever it wants. The ordinary people don’t seem to have any effect. You are looking for residents to investigate now, and you can’t find anything. "

In the interview, the author found that these old residents outside Daodao are very concerned about the housing problem. After understanding, it was found that the government wanted to move the residents here to Qunli (located in the outer suburbs of Harbin) in order to plan the tourist attractions outside Daodao as a whole, because the residents did not want to "change from city people to country people" and unanimously opposed it. Several 60-and 70-year-old Daowai residents complained about the government’s relocation:

"People don’t want to go, so let’s join forces. Where is the collective strength? It seems to be Acheng, far away, going to the countryside. This is not the Cultural Revolution, and people have not made mistakes. This is a good person."

However, the real historical buildings outside Daodao (that is, the "circle building") have extremely poor living conditions after the residents moved out. They are dilapidated due to years of disrepair, and there is no water supply and heating. The aging circuits and wooden structures often cause fires. Among the residents who did not cooperate with the relocation, the young and economically qualified residents abandoned their old houses and left their homeland to buy houses and live elsewhere; The elderly residents who have no economic strength and poor physical strength have to stay in these old houses, and their miserable life has never been asked again. Because of the low rent, most of the idle old houses are occupied by migrant workers who do small businesses, and they usually pay less attention to the use and maintenance of the houses, which aggravates the fire hazard of the old houses. An aunt who lives in an old circle building said this:

"In recent years, the rich are not living here. Nobody cares about this street. It’s all old wires that are always on fire. And the renters here are all from the countryside, and they don’t pay attention. But we have to pay attention, or where to live. "

The current situation of "circle building" in disrepair (from the author’s field visit and shooting)

The old buildings facing the street are covered with traces of fire (from the author’s field visit)

Residents reported that the number of the original residents in Daowai Old Street has been reduced by more than half. After the shops closed in the evening, the merchants who did business also returned to live elsewhere. At night, there was no one in the streets and lanes, which became what people called "ghost towns" and "dead cities".

The basic livelihood of ordinary people has not been solved. How can we talk about the historical and cultural protection of metaphysics? "House" has become the biggest pain in the hearts of the residents here. They have no choice but to regard it as the price that the block transformation has made them bear innocently, so most residents are very disgusted with the protection of baroque buildings here. As for these historic buildings, residents don’t care about their historical and cultural values, and they don’t understand that the government spends a lot of money to repair these impractical buildings.

"If you appeal, just tell us about it, we want to solve the problem of food and clothing, but we want to give us a big house on the spot outside the road. As for anything in their country, we don’t want to know. It has nothing to do with us. It has to solve our problems. "

"What’s the point of protecting it, college students! Some buildings should be torn down, or people will be killed. You can earn money in Gai Lou and solve the difficulties for the residents. You are the whole Baroque, really! My opinion is that we shouldn’t do baroque here. If we repeat it, we should rip it all off and build a tall building. It’ s great, guarding the riverside, you can look at the riverside when you are tall. This building has to sell more pieces. "

"Chinese baroque is no matter how good it is. It is an object left over from history. It is impossible for ordinary people to undertake this matter. You will give ordinary people a spacious house, which is stronger than anything else."

Third, the government and tourism developers: in the joint operation of power and capital,

During the investigation, the author found that all the areas involved in the first phase and the second phase of the Chinese Baroque Block outside Daowai were developed into commercial projects, Erdao Street was building a pedestrian street, and Sandao Street had been developed into a film and television base and a modern leisure area with eight themes.

Zeng Yizhi, a senior reporter and editor of Heilongjiang Daily and a member of the China Cultural Relics Society, summed up the renovation project of Daowai Historical District in his blog post: "The first and second renovation projects of Chinese Baroque moved a large number of indigenous residents to the outer suburbs on the grounds of’ emergency rescue of dangerous houses’ for the sake of overall planning, and moved many old shops away from their original places by means of monetary compensation. The separation of people and houses has forced the original commercial and residential blocks to be changed into commercial and financial land. "

For the original historical buildings, in the first phase of the Chinese Baroque project started in 2007, the plane layout of Nanerdao Street and Nansandao Street, which are within the core protection scope of historical and cultural blocks, was completely changed, some old buildings were demolished and newly built, and the rest buildings were only left with the facade facing the street, and the buildings in the courtyard were completely demolished. The second phase of the project is still repeating the same mistakes. During the implementation process, not only many historical buildings within the core protection scope were destroyed, but also many century-old hutongs were not spared in the construction control zone. Many Daowai residents also expressed their indignation at the government’s massive demolition of historical buildings in interviews:

"This transformation method is wrong. Everything is business and money. What is this called protection? This is making money! We used to be all such buildings outside the road, but now we don’t have them. All the really good ones have been smashed, and now we think of protection. "

For the indigenous residents and shops, as reflected in the above interview, in order to develop commercial projects, the government moved all the indigenous people in this area to the vicinity of the ceramic market near the port authority on the grounds of "reconstruction of dangerous houses". It is understood that in this area, dangerous houses only account for 9.47% of all houses. The merchants are relocated by monetary compensation, but the difference between compensation and relocation is too high, which makes it impossible for those merchants who have been operating here for many years to move back.

However, in fact, the current situation of government investment promotion is not optimistic. It is understood that the first phase of the project has never been rented out. The author visited and found that there are still many vacant rooms on both sides of the unfinished pedestrian street in the second phase, and the existing businesses only entered under the preferential policy of rent-free in the first two years.

The investment reception center and the renovated vacant houses on the pedestrian street are attracting investment (from the author’s field visit and shooting)

Besides, these old shops, which have been recruited again, have not only moved away from the original site, but also transformed from small shops that were traditionally operated into modern mass-produced hotels, and the old flavor no longer exists. In order to expand publicity and increase interests, these cultures have become worthless victims. When talking to a section chief about the present Zhang Baopu, she said:

"Now these things (referring to the newly opened old-fashioned restaurants on the pedestrian street) can’t be eaten, and they are put on this street. In fact, they are well-known, but in fact, the original old taste is wrong. Then what do you mean by old taste? You used to eat it, but now it tastes different. If you haven’t eaten it before, it will be the same if you come for the first time now, won’t it? Nowadays, mass production is definitely different from before, and it will be even worse if tourists are invited to make group meals. However, the original old shop is too broken, and the business philosophy is not good. The benefits are definitely not so good. "

The interior of the modern "Zhangbaopu" new store (from the author’s field visit)

To sum up, the government and developers take the development of commercial tourism as the guide to rebuild historical blocks, and the overall environment of the blocks is destroyed. At the same time, the real historical buildings-the vacant houses after the residents moved are unprotected and repaired, waiting for bulldozers to repeat the old dreams of history in the stormy weather. The coexistence of people and houses can inherit the living historical context, and now the historical block without people and houses has become a dead street. All this, in turn, makes the government’s investment promotion process difficult and bitter.

(Authorized by the author, this article is excerpted from Yin Haijie and Wang Xueyang: "Cultural Mourning in the Reconstruction of Urban Historic Blocks —— Taking Daowai Historic Blocks in Harbin as an Example", published in Modern Urban Research, 06, 2014. )

　　On December 6th, China Academy of Social Sciences held the 2022 "Blue Book of Economy" conference and China Economic Situation Report. It was introduced at the meeting that at present, the whole country is thoroughly studying and implementing the spirit of the Sixth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee. The purpose of this conference is to analyze the current economic situation, grasp the new development stage more completely, accurately and comprehensively, implement the new development concept, build a new development pattern, exchange ideas and study countermeasures, and serve the economic work next year. 2021 is the first year of the "14th Five-Year Plan". Facing the complicated and changeable external environment and the new situation of sporadic epidemic, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core adheres to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability. On the one hand, it does a good job in epidemic prevention and control, effectively promotes vaccination, and creates a good environment for economic and social development. On the other hand, it will promote the sustained recovery of the economy in a more stable and balanced direction and ensure that the economy operates in a reasonable range. In the first three quarters, China’s economy showed a good recovery trend, and new achievements were made in high-quality economic development and structural transformation and upgrading, laying a good foundation for realizing the expected goal of economic development in the 14 th Five-Year Plan.

First, the economic growth rate continues to maintain a leading position in major economies. In 2021, the actual growth rate of China’s GDP is expected to reach about 8%, exceeding the expected target, and will also be higher than most other major economies in the world.

Second, the overall employment situation is stable. The annual target of new employment in cities and towns was achieved ahead of schedule, and the survey unemployment rate remained within the expected target.

Third, the leading role of scientific and technological innovation support has been enhanced. China’s ranking in the WIPO Global Innovation Index rose to 12th place, achieving nine consecutive rises since 2013.

Fourth, the business environment continued to improve, and the vitality of market players was significantly enhanced. In 2021, new policies such as financial concession and phased tax deferral will continue to stimulate and protect the vitality of market players.

Fifth, economic and social development began a comprehensive green transformation. Vigorously promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in key industries, solidly promote the construction of a green and low-carbon circular economy system, and issue an implementation plan on doing a good job in carbon neutrality in peak carbon dioxide emissions.

Sixth, a series of measures to deepen reform and open wider to the outside world came into effect. Reform and opening-up continued to deepen, and imports and exports maintained rapid growth. China also actively supplied vaccines to countries in need, donated anti-epidemic materials, and supported the international community in fighting the epidemic.

At the same time, we should also be soberly aware that there are still some problems and challenges in China’s current economic operation, which need to be studied emphatically and dealt with properly.

　　I don’t know how to apply for skills upgrading subsidies when I get the skills certificate. The following three channels for applying for vocational skills upgrading subsidies can all apply for subsidies. Let’s take a look at how to do it.

　　Method 1: Official WeChat of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

　　Step 1: Scan the QR code and follow the "Beijing People’s Society" WeChat WeChat official account.

　　Step 2: Enter WeChat official account, click on [Micro Service] and select [Personal Service].

　　Step 3: Select [Skills Upgrading Subsidy] in the employment and entrepreneurship of individual services.

　　Step 4: Log in to Beijing unified identity authentication platform, and support account number and SMS verification code login.

　　Step 5: After logging in to the platform, select [Vocational Skills Upgrading Subsidy].

　　Step 6: Click "Apply Now", read the "Instructions for Applicants" and confirm your consent.

　　Step 7: Enter the application certificate information.

　　Step 8: Enter the applicant’s bank account information.

　　Step 9: Confirm that the application is correct, and click "Submit" to complete the application.

　　Method 2: Official APP of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

　　Step 1: Scan the QR code and download the official APP software. Click "Employment and Entrepreneurship" in the "Service Zone" column.

　　Step 2: Click [Skills Upgrading Subsidy] in the [Employment and Entrepreneurship] column.

　　Step 3: Click "Apply Now", read the "Instructions for Applicants" and confirm your consent.

　　Step 4: Enter the application certificate information.

　　Step 5: Enter the applicant’s bank account information.

　　Step 6: Confirm that the information is correct, and click "Submit" to complete the application.

　　Mode 3: Official website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau

　　Step 1: Visit http://rsj.beijing.gov.cn, the official website of Beijing Human Resources and Social Security Bureau, and find [Skills Upgrading Subsidy] under [More] in the column of [Personal Affairs].

　　Step 2: Click [Application for Skills Upgrading Subsidy]

　　Step 3: Log in to "Beijing Unified Identity Authentication Platform"

　　Step 4: Click [Enter Now] to enter the skill upgrading subsidy function page, and select [Skill upgrading subsidy application].

　　Step 5: The "Commitment Letter for Applying for Skills Upgrading Subsidies" pops up on the application page. Please read the "Commitment Letter for Applying for Skills Upgrading Subsidies" carefully. Click "Instructions for User Application" in scarlet letter, carefully read "Instructions for User Application" and then confirm to click "Read Finished".

　　Step 6: Return to the "Commitment Letter for Applying for Skills Upgrading Subsidies" in the system page and click "Agree" to enter the application page.

　　Step 7: Enter the application certificate information (including issuing time and certificate number), and then click Next.

　　Step 8: Enter the applicant’s own bank card (non-credit card) account information.

　　Step 9: Click the [Submit] button, and you will be prompted to submit successfully and complete the application.

　　The hot summer is the season for young people to "show off their figure". It is not bad to lose weight in March and April when they have poor appetite and sweat a lot in summer. But when it comes to losing weight, you must also have many questions. Losing weight is always unsuccessful. What is the problem? There are many controversial topics about diet to lose weight. Today, I will pick out 15 most frequently discussed issues to help you reduce this fat clearly.

　　1. Can Pu ‘er tea and green tea lose weight?

　　If drinking Pu ‘er tea and green tea can reduce weight, it is estimated that Chaoshan area is thin, but it is not.

　　Tea contains a lot of tea polyphenols, catechins and some trace elements, which is a very healthy drink and can protect cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. A small amount of caffeine in tea plays a role in improving metabolism. It is really good to drink tea during weight loss, but it is not recommended to buy tea polyphenols products to lose weight in the market.

　　2. Can coffee reduce weight?

　　If sugar or cream is added to coffee, the calories are not low, and even black coffee without sugar can only temporarily improve metabolism.

　　Although coffee can promote weight loss, it contains caffeine, which is not suitable for everyone, especially for people with poor caffeine metabolism.

　　3. Can enzymes lose weight?

　　Enzymes are actually enzymes, and good quality enzymes have a good effect on regulating intestines, such as constipation. Then why do many people feel that they have lost weight after eating enzymes? Because after the intestines are healthy, more intestinal waste will be excreted. There will be some garbage left in our intestines. If there is more garbage, you will naturally lose a few pounds.

　　Moreover, when you drink enzymes, the merchants will ask you to cooperate and eat less food. The total calories are reduced, and the weight loss is normal, just taking advantage of the deficit of total calories.

　　4. Can you use food to lose weight?

　　Generally speaking, if you lose weight through diet, you will lose weight all over, and you will not lose weight alone. But the body is like a very precise instrument. If you have more fat on your waist, it will tend to lose more fat on your waist.

　　However, if you have a need for local shaping, it is still recommended that in addition to diet and the guidance of sports coaches, the effect will be better.

　　5. Can you eat spicy food to lose weight?

　　In fact, the heat of pepper is not high, and it can also accelerate metabolism. But why do so many friends still ask? That’s because most foods with Chili peppers are accompanied by a lot of oil.

　　For example, Sichuan hot pot and Hunan cuisine are typical representatives. Pepper is not the problem, oil is the reason.

　　6. What should I do if I lose weight during the physiological period?

　　First, don’t eat spicy food, and secondly, don’t eat cold food, such as lemon, watermelon, pear, etc.

　　Menstruation needs more nutrients such as protein and iron, which can increase the proportion of red meat and animal blood;

　　Eating more miscellaneous grains and increasing the intake of B vitamins will help alleviate emotional problems;

　　Dairy products, laver, bean products, kelp and other foods help to increase the intake of nutrients such as calcium and magnesium and relieve dysmenorrhea.

　　7. Will losing weight lead to hair loss? What should I do?

　　Improper weight loss can really cause hair loss.

　　First, iron deficiency can cause hair loss. Check whether you eat less meat because of weight loss, especially red meat rich in iron.

　　Second, insufficient intake of protein can also cause hair loss. When protein deficiency is serious, hair will become thin and dry. Increase the intake of meat, eggs and milk beans.

　　Third, trace elements such as manganese and zinc are insufficient. Meat and nuts are good sources of trace elements. Insufficient calcium intake, fat metabolism is more than usual during weight loss, and more ketone bodies are produced, which requires calcium ions to balance.

　　In order to avoid hair loss, usually eat more dairy products and soy products, and pay extra attention to supplementing vitamins and minerals during weight loss.

　　8. Can you recommend some diet food?

　　In fact, there is no absolute diet food, and there is no "negative calorie food". For example, cucumber is low in calories, but it is far from enough to consider calories only. It is more difficult to lose weight after malnutrition.

　　If you always stare at some "diet food" to eat, it will definitely cause malnutrition in the long run. Hair loss, anemia, delayed menstruation and poor sleep followed.

　　9. How to distribute three meals a day is better?

　　It is suggested that the ratio of 30% for breakfast, 40% for lunch and 30% for dinner be allocated.

　　Eat "good" breakfast. Choose foods that are easy to absorb and digest, rich in protein and less greasy, such as eggs, bean products and dairy products. In addition, it is more perfect to eat appropriate fruits and staple foods, plus a handful of nuts.

　　Have a full lunch. The quantity of protein should be matched with vegetables reasonably. Eat less or avoid high-fat food.

　　Eat less for dinner. Choose light foods with high dietary fiber content, such as vegetables, soups and porridge. Staple food can be reduced appropriately.

　　10. What foods are absolutely inedible?

　　Unless you are sick, there is no food that you must not eat. Just because of losing weight, it is not recommended to eat some foods with high calories or too fast sugar rise. The details are as follows: animal skins, fat meat, frying, cakes, bread, drinks, candy, wine, excessive salad dressing, greasy hot pot sauce, thick soup, etc.

　　11. Why do you get fat when you drink?

　　First of all, among all the nutrients, three productivity nutrients (protein, carbohydrate and fat) can provide energy. Where 1g protein =4kcal, 1g carbohydrate =4kcal and 1g fat =9kcal. However, each gram of ethanol produces 7kcal of heat, second only to fat.

　　Secondly, alcohol metabolism needs to pass through the liver, and the metabolism of the liver is slow, so fat is naturally easier to accumulate.

　　12. Are there any ways to reduce appetite?

　　You can use some tips to reduce your desire for food. For example, drink a glass of water and soup half an hour before meals. When eating, eat foods rich in dietary fiber, such as vegetables, to increase satiety. Chew slowly when eating, use small portions of tableware, and visually "cheat" the brain.

　　13. Can I have a midnight snack when I lose weight?

　　You can eat it, but the following points should be noted:

　　First, choose foods with low fat, low calorie, high nutritional value and easy digestion, such as milk, soybean milk, miscellaneous grains porridge, vegetable soup and fruits.

　　Second, avoid indigestible foods, fried, high-fat, sweet, spicy and irritating foods.

　　Third, try not to eat for 3 hours before going to bed. It takes at least 2-3 hours for food to empty from the time it enters the stomach. Going to bed after eating, food still stays in the stomach, which not only affects fat loss, but also imposes a burden on the stomach.

　　14. Can you lose weight by eating oats?

　　Oats can’t lose weight, but why do oats always appear in the list of foods that must be eaten to lose weight?

　　That’s because oats are rich in β -Dextran can make us feel full and reduce our food intake. And oats can help delay the rise of blood sugar after meals, make blood sugar more stable and reduce insulin resistance.

　　15. What foods should I eat less during weight loss?

　　The following types of food are recommended to be eaten less:

　　Animal skin. Everyone knows to eat less fat, but animal skins are often easily overlooked. In fact, animal skins contain higher fat content.

　　All kinds of sauces. Salad sauce, cream sauce, hot pot seasoning, etc. are high in calories, so it is easy to eat too much while dipping in the sauce.

　　Soups. In particular, the broth contains a lot of animal fat, and it is even more inappropriate for uric acid is too high people to drink too much.

　　Processing food, beverages, cakes, sweets, etc.; Fried food, hamburgers, French fries, fried chicken, etc.

　　Text/Chen Lijuan (registered dietitian in China)

　　BEIJING, April 1 (Xinhua) According to the BBC Chinese website, at present, in order to cope with the COVID-19 crisis, all countries in the world have adopted different isolation measures. Residents in different countries or regions have different coping methods, some of which are very creative and some are thought-provoking, and have developed a unique "epidemic culture".

　　In Italy, people who live in isolation at home sing opera on the balcony to express their emotions. In France, wine shops sell customers a special "essential package to resist the epidemic". In Germany, people who love nightlife begin to enjoy party at home.

　　According to the report, in many ways, the epidemic highlights the different unique personalities of countries around the world and shows the diversified life of countries around the world under the depressed isolation life.

　　France

　　Without the bakery, France is no longer France. Traditional berets may have gone out of fashion, but French baguettes will never, even during the global epidemic.

　　Immediately after Italy, the French government also implemented strict epidemic prevention measures. Anyone can go out only with a signed document explaining their reasons for going out, and all "non-essential" shops are closed. In addition to supermarkets and pharmacies, the official documents of the French Ministry of Health list in detail 40 exceptional industries that are "indispensable for maintaining French life", including bakeries, butcher shops, grape hotels, cheese shops and grocery stores.

　　Nowadays, from Paris to Provence, the empty and lonely streets of towns all over France are filled with the aroma of bread every morning, and about 33,000 bakeries in the country continue to operate at this time. As before, the French went to the bakery near his home early in the morning to buy a baguette, but they needed to keep a safe distance from each other.

　　Anlacote, president of the French Bread and Pastry Federation, said that baguette is a symbol of French culture and an important part of people’s lives. "The experience of many people going out for the first time in their lives is to go to the bakery with their parents to buy French baguettes. The only chance for many elderly people to get in touch with others in a day is to go to the bakery."

　　Allakot believes that it makes sense to keep the bakery open during the epidemic. "Bakery is a necessity for the French not to be hungry. Many people don’t necessarily have supermarkets near their homes, but there must be bakeries."

　　In Paris, wine seems as precious as hand sanitizer. The French drinks wine as naturally as bread. Many wine shops sell 6 or 12 bottles of "essential package for fighting epidemic" to customers.

　　According to the report, during the COVID-19 epidemic, the French’s social habit of kissing on the cheek may disappear temporarily, but his love for wine will not disappear.

　　Germany

　　Berlin’s nightlife is a legend. In the past few decades, Berlin has been shaped into the capital of European electronic dance music. However, with the spread of the epidemic, gatherings of more than two people have been banned. There is only one answer to where to go to the party this weekend: at home.

　　How to have a party in your own home? Don’t worry, hundreds of independent nightclubs have joined together with the support of the government and played DJ dance music to people’s homes by streaming media. You don’t have to wait in line for admission at two o’clock in the middle of the night to hold a party at home. The streaming party starts at seven o’clock in the evening, and people can also donate money to musicians and nightclubs.

　　For Berliner Berger, being able to sit on his sofa in pajamas and listen to famous DJ playing pop dance music is killing two birds with one stone. "I really enjoyed the party at home. I even jumped up in the living room by myself. Then at the end of the party at midnight, you can fall asleep and get up on the first day in the same good spirits."

　　For the organizers, combining people with music in the face of crisis also symbolizes a kind of community spirit, just as people from East and West flocked to the streets after the fall of the Berlin Wall, which is a symbol of German unity. Hegeman, the founder of the famous Berlin ballroom Trezee, said, "Who knows what will happen in the future? But I believe that after the epidemic subsides, people will definitely come out again and the party will not stop. "

From 00: 00 on March 23rd, Berlin and other states began to implement the most stringent ban on foot since the outbreak of COVID-19, among which Berlin was the first to take severe measures such as prohibiting more than two people from gathering in public places and closing restaurants and cafes. China News Service reporter Peng Dawei photo

　　Britain

　　Under the attack of the epidemic, the bars that British people are proud of have closed their doors and suspended their business. However, through various online instant messaging software, such as WhatsApp, Skype, Zoom and HouseParty, people all over the UK can still meet and have a drink with online parties in their own homes.

　　Many bars announce the time of online activities through social media and hold bar question-and-answer activities online, attracting hundreds of thousands of people to express their interest. In Scotland, traditional bars hold online music parties and invite folk musicians to share folk music online.

　　Home isolation, how to spend this weekend night? Many British people have already made plans to meet their friends for chatting and drinking in online bars, just like before.

The crowded subway car of the mayor of London, England, is now empty. China News Service reporter Zhang Pingshe

　　India

　　India has announced a 21-day blockade to fight the spread of the epidemic, but India is the second most populous country in the world. It is not easy to make 1.3 billion people stay at home all at once, and many people can’t buy enough food or medicine.

　　After the blockade was announced, India’s well-known celebrity couple, captain of cricket team Vera Golly and Bollywood actor’s wife Shamma, appealed to 55 million Twitter fans to "follow the government’s advice and unite", but at this time, it is not difficult for Indians to "stay together", but it is difficult to "keep a safe distance".

　　It is reported that Indians usually queue in circles instead of straight lines. So during the epidemic, supermarkets began to teach people how to keep a safe distance in line. They drew circles with chalk on the ground, and local health officials personally went to crowded supermarkets to demonstrate the circle and taught people the importance of a safe distance.

　　Queuing is not the latest knowledge for Indians to learn. Anyone who calls and answers the phone must first listen to a recorded message on how to maintain personal hygiene, including covering his mouth when coughing and the correct way to wash his hands. The local police even choreographed a dance of washing hands correctly.

　　Australia

　　When it comes to Australia, many people think of outdoor activities, relaxed life attitude and unique wild animals, but only those who have lived in Australia will know that the annual Easter holiday is a popular time for Australians to go camping in the wild, because Australia in the southern hemisphere enters winter after Easter, so enjoy outdoor activities before winter comes, and camping and barbecue with the whole family becomes a national activity.

　　Usually, more than 300,000 Australians go camping during Easter. Now I am trapped by the epidemic and can’t go out, but creative Australians will still find a way.

　　The Australian camper industry calls on people to set up tents in their backyard or living room, and indoor campers can watch the wild and natural environment through streaming media. People can also play cricket and eat barbecue in the backyard.

　　This global epidemic of infectious diseases has trapped many Australians at home, but people know in their hearts that this is not a bad thing.

　　(Reporter Zhang Xiaomei) Information such as the names and ID numbers of food safety managers of food production and operation enterprises will be included in the food safety credit information system and made public. Recently, the State Food and Drug Administration issued the Measures for the Administration of Food Safety Credit Information, which voluntarily disclosed the credit information of food market promoters, counter lessors, trade fair organizers and third-party platform providers of online transactions to the public. For food producers and operators who find problems in sampling inspection, the Food and Drug Administration will provide their credit information to other relevant departments for joint punishment.

　　Food safety credit information refers to data, materials and other information produced or obtained by food and drug supervision and management departments in the process of performing their duties according to law to reflect the food safety credit status of food producers and operators. Management targets include food market promoters, counter lessors, exhibition organizers, third-party platform providers for online transactions, non-food producers and operators engaged in food storage and transportation, and market sales of edible agricultural products. According to the Measures, food safety credit information includes basic information of food producers and operators, such as the names and ID numbers of food safety management personnel, information of daily inspection and flight inspection, batches of unqualified varieties sampled by food supervision, types of administrative punishment, punishment results, punishment basis, departments that make administrative punishment, and information that the departments that make administrative punishment decisions think should be publicized.

　　The credit information system will be established and updated in time by the local food and drug supervision and administration departments at or above the county level. Local food and drug departments are responsible for the collection and management of credit information of producers and operators who issue licenses within their administrative areas, establish a food safety credit information database of food producers and operators, and provide information to the superior food safety credit information management system. The local food and drug supervision and administration departments at or above the county level shall designate responsible persons to record and timely import food safety credit information records within 2 working days after the completion of administrative licensing, administrative inspection, supervision and sampling inspection, and administrative punishment.

　　The food and drug supervision and administration department shall disclose the voluntary food safety credit information through the website of the unit or newspapers, radio, television, internet and other ways that are easy for the public to know. When it comes to public ID number information, the last six digits should be hidden. The local food and drug supervision and administration departments at or above the county level shall increase the frequency of inspection and sampling inspection for food producers and operators who find problems in inspection and sampling inspection and make penalties, and provide them to other relevant departments for joint punishment in accordance with relevant regulations.

　　Some cultural relics seized in the operation (data map)

　　On July 29th, Europol released a message in official website, saying that the European joint action against international cultural relics crimes — — The "Pandora 3" campaign has achieved initial results. Up to now, 59 suspects have been arrested and 18,000 pieces (sets) of cultural relics have been seized.

　　"Pandora 3" was jointly participated by law enforcement agencies and customs of 29 countries, supported by Interpol, the World Customs Organization and Europol, and coordinated by the Spanish National Guard. It was a large-scale joint action against international cultural relics crimes, and it had many experiences worth learning in the field of transnational joint action against cultural relics crimes.

　　Offline and online separately "cast the net"

　　During the "Pandora 3" operation, the relevant law enforcement agencies sent thousands of police and customs staff, focusing on online and hot markets and targeting criminal groups involved in cultural relics trafficking. Since the launch of the operation, 59 suspects have been arrested and 18,000 cultural relics (sets) have been seized, including antique furniture, ancient coins and paintings, musical instruments and sculptures. In addition, the operation also seized cultural relics theft tools including metal detectors. According to statistics, most of the cultural relics seized come from Europe, and a small part belong to Colombia, Egypt, Iraq, Morocco and other countries.

　　Europol said that the biggest challenge encountered in this operation is to crack down on online illegal cultural relics trafficking. It is understood that in recent years, cultural relics criminal groups have increasingly used online platforms such as web pages, social media and instant messaging applications to sell illegally stolen or trafficked cultural relics. In this regard, in the "Pandora 3" action, the organizers specially launched a multidisciplinary law enforcement action. Under this action framework, the Dutch police took the lead in organizing the "Cyber Patrol Week", where a team of 26 experts identified suspicious targets and conducted targeted intelligence gathering. In the end, the operation locked 169 suspicious websites and seized 682 suspicious cultural relics.

　　At the same time, offline, 29 countries participating in the "Pandora 3" operation organized many raids: searching auction houses, art galleries, museums and private houses, imposing 67 administrative sanctions and arresting 49 suspects; Through the inspection of ports, airports and border crossings, four criminal suspects were arrested, three responsible persons were administratively punished, and 201 suspicious cultural relics were seized; Through surprise inspections of hot crime sites such as archaeological sites, 6 suspects were arrested, 909 cultural relics were seized, and 49 people were responsible for administrative punishment.

　　Multi-party linkage to accumulate synergy

　　As a joint action to crack down on cultural relics crimes in Europe, "Pandora 3" handed over a remarkable and frightening report card. As the overall coordination unit of the operation, the Spanish National Guard has created a record of seizing 10,000 pieces (sets) of cultural relics in a single operation; Experienced Italian cultural relics police seized 91 ancient ceramics and 109 precious ancient coins in many private houses and mailing centers. In addition, during the operation, the Polish police seized an ancient rare Bible stolen in Germany 25 years ago and returned it to the stolen country. Romanian police seized 128 military supplies in ancient Rome, 134 ancient ceramics and 189 coins stolen from archaeological sites in ancient Greece and Rome. German customs seized a cylindrical crystal seal, which was identified as belonging to Mesopotamian civilization … …

　　In the "Pandora 3" operation, Europol, Interpol and the World Customs Organization, as international backup forces, provided many support to countries. Relevant organizations not only set up coordination departments to participate in specific actions and provide analysis report support, but also open and share data and information resources and issue warning information in time. In particular, it is through Interpol’s "Stolen Art Database" that countries have conducted hundreds of targeted searches.

　　It can be said that the "Pandora" series of actions launched in recent years have effectively cracked down on international illegal cultural relics trafficking. In 2017, European multinational police jointly launched the "Pandora" operation for the first time. The operation was coordinated by the police in Spain and Cyprus, and more than 48,500 people were inspected, 50 ships and 29,000 vehicles were searched. A number of deep-water diving schools were mainly investigated to combat the theft of underwater sites, and 75 suspects were arrested and 3,561 pieces (sets) of cultural relics were recovered, many of which were of outstanding value after textual research. In 2018, Pandora 2 arrested 51 suspects and seized 41,000 pieces (sets) of cultural relics.

　　Piracy and sale of cultural relics are rampant

　　Endanger the cultural heritage of all countries.

　　Due to various reasons, the crime of stealing and reselling cultural relics has existed for a long time in Europe and has become increasingly rampant in recent years. Europe is not the only region where such crimes occur frequently. According to the survey, until the beginning of this year, on various online social media platforms such as Facebook, there were still cultural relics publicly looted from the Middle East by members of extremist organizations for sale. According to the BBC, in July this year, Sabhash Kapoor, a well-known art dealer in new york, USA, was accused of being involved in a transnational cultural relics piracy network. According to the investigation, the total value of cultural relics stolen through this network exceeds 145 million US dollars; According to The New York Times, at the end of July, Israeli police found and arrested two thieves who stole cultural relics … … In addition, the Iraqi Ministry of Foreign Affairs recently held a special cultural relics exhibition in Baghdad. The exhibits were all stolen cultural relics from the country recently recovered from Britain and Sweden.

　　"The cultural relics market is special. Illegally stolen cultural relics are often sold together with legally circulated cultural relics, and even well-intentioned collectors cannot effectively distinguish them." A western archaeologist pointed out.

　　The cultural heritage of countries all over the world is fatally damaged by cultural relics piracy. Experts pointed out that cultural relics are an irreplaceable part when people obtain corresponding historical information through archaeology. When these cultural relics are plundered and illegally sold only because of their economic value, people should not ignore their connection with the environment of the heritage site and other cultural relics as a part of the cultural heritage. As we all know, in the process of archaeological excavation, people need to carefully record information fragments, and then understand the value and significance of cultural relics. Without background information, coins and ceramic utensils are just beautiful objects on display shelves, and eventually lose the important function of allowing people to obtain richer historical information. (China Culture News reporter Song Jia Wei)

　　The weather is getting hotter and hotter, and the epidemic situation has not completely ended. What kind of air conditioners may have the risk of transmission, and what precautions should be taken when using air conditioners? Recently, National Health Commission issued the Guidelines for Operation, Management and Use of Air Conditioning in Summer (Revised Edition), which is applicable to centralized air conditioning ventilation systems (including all-air air conditioning systems, fan-coil systems with fresh air, fan-coil systems without fresh air, and multi-connected systems) and split air conditioners in summer.

　　Preparation before opening of all-air air conditioning system

　　Grasp the source of fresh air and the scope of air supply, and strengthen personnel training;

　　Check whether the filters, surface coolers, heaters (humidifiers) and other equipment are operating normally. Clean and disinfect the open cooling tower and air handling unit, and clean the air duct when possible. Professional institutions are preferred to clean and disinfect the air conditioning system. When conditions permit, the sanitary quality of air supply should be tested, and the test results should conform to the Hygienic Management Standard for Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems in Public Places (WS 394— 2012) and other national standards and specifications;

　　Keep the fresh air outlet and its surrounding environment clean, and the fresh air will not be polluted;

　　Keep a certain distance between the fresh air inlet and the exhaust outlet to avoid short circuit.

　　Management and maintenance in operation

　　Return air should be closed in medium and high risk areas. If the high-efficiency and above filter device is used in the air return port (pipeline) or air conditioning box, or an effective disinfection device is installed, the return air can be turned down;

　　It is suggested that the indoor temperature adjustment should not be lower than 26 degrees Celsius. If it can meet the demand of indoor temperature regulation, it is suggested that the doors and windows should not be completely closed when the air conditioner is running;

　　When using air conditioning system in crowded places, to strengthen indoor air flow, priority can be given to opening windows, opening doors or turning on ventilation devices such as fans, or air conditioning must be ventilated for 20 to 30 minutes every 2 to 3 hours;

　　For shopping malls, office buildings, underground garages and other places with large personnel flow, ventilation should be strengthened, and the fresh air and exhaust system of air conditioning system should continue to operate for a period of time after the business is over every day;

　　Strengthen the sanitary management of condensate water such as air handling units and fan coils and cooling water of cooling towers;

　　Regular cleaning, disinfection or replacement of filters, tuyeres, air handling units, surface coolers, heaters (humidifiers), condensate pans and other equipment and components of the operating air conditioning system;

　　U-shaped pipes such as sewer pipe, water seal of air handling device, floor drain of toilet and condensate drain pipe of air conditioning unit should be inspected regularly, and water should be replenished in time when there is water shortage.

　　Shutdown of air conditioning system

　　When confirmed cases and suspected cases are found in COVID-19, the following measures should be taken:

　　Immediately shut down the central air conditioning and ventilation system corresponding to the confirmed cases and suspected cases;

　　Under the guidance of the local disease control department, the central air conditioning and ventilation system in the above areas shall be disinfected and cleaned immediately, and can be re-used only after passing the hygienic inspection and evaluation;

　　Cleaning and disinfection of central air-conditioning ventilation system shall conform to the Code for Cleaning and Disinfection of Central Air-conditioning Ventilation System in Public Places (WS 396— 2012) requirements. (Reporter Wang Jingyu)

　　At present, some merchants often have the following routines on the issue of automatic renewal: one is that automatic renewal has become the default option; The other is that merchants restrict consumers’ choices; Another is to induce consumers to join the continuous monthly agreement under the guise of free trial or 1 cent experience for 30 days.

　　Relevant scholars pointed out that the problem of automatic renewal of monthly subscription is widespread, indicating that the regulatory authorities have not done a good job of supervision beforehand and afterwards. Prior supervision should remind merchants to inform consumers in a clear and eye-catching form, and consumers are free to choose; After-the-fact supervision is to supervise and even punish the merchants in time after the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed.

　　—————

　　"Meat hurts! Finally, I know why my money has disappeared one after another, all because of various softwares that automatically renew the monthly subscription. " Ms. Wang from Huzhou, Zhejiang Province saw a pile of debit records of bank cards, only to remember that she had forgotten to cancel all kinds of automatic renewal packages opened before.

　　Nowadays, merchants often offer various monthly and annual service packages, but many consumers may fall into the consumption trap of "being automatically renewed" if they are not careful. In 2019, CCTV conducted a survey on 50 popular paid software, and found that more than 70% of them had the function of automatic renewal, and many of them were suspected of fooling users into automatic renewal.

　　In May this year, Mr. Chen of Nanning opened a VIP film and television member in 15 yuan for a monthly subscription on TV. When it was opened, he didn’t notice the prompt of automatic renewal of this package. It was not until the next month when he paid the telephone bill that Mr. Chen found that he had deducted a sum of money inexplicably. He contacted the customer service of the mobile phone operator, only to find that this video package is still charging. What makes Mr. Chen laugh and cry is that when the renewal fee is cancelled, the order information shows that the continuous monthly subscription is valid until December 31, 1999. "Fortunately, I found it early, otherwise I will not be alive after 79 years, and this money has to be paid."

　　"When Mr. Chen opened the monthly film and television membership in 15 yuan, he did not show that the automatic renewal time was 2099, so this contract period is not binding on Mr. Chen." Lawyer Wu Lichuan of Beijing Jingshi Law Firm said that for general contracts, although the law does not stipulate the upper limit of the contract performance period, the feasibility of contract performance should also be considered. If the contract can no longer be performed or continues to be performed in obviously unfair in the future, the parties may request to modify or terminate the contract.

　　Mr. Chen told reporters that he chose the default option when he opened a member on the App. It was not until he was deducted that he learned that he had ordered an automatic renewal package, which made him feel that his right to know as a consumer had been violated. "I think monthly subscription means one month. If you want to continue to use it next month, you should order it again. The initiative should be with consumers; Now it is the other way around. I ordered a service, which is equivalent to signing an indefinite contract, and the initiative is in the business. " Mr. Chen said.

　　The reporter’s investigation found that some businesses often have the following routines on the issue of automatic renewal: one is that automatic renewal becomes the default option. For example, VIP users who purchase a certain video software will automatically check the continuous monthly subscription, but the font prompting automatic renewal is very small. The other is that merchants restrict consumers’ choices. For example, when opening a video App member, there are only two packages in the interface, namely "continuous monthly VIP" and "semi-annual VIP", and there are no other options for monthly subscription and annual subscription, which means that if you don’t want to open a semi-annual VIP with more fees, you can only choose the "continuous monthly VIP" with automatic renewal. Another is to induce consumers to join the continuous monthly subscription agreement under the guise of free trial or 1 cent experience for 30 days. As long as users download the App or agree to open this service, it is equivalent to agreeing to the terms of the agreement. After the end of the free trial period, they will be deducted unconsciously.

　　What makes some consumers feel confused and annoyed is that it is easy to open automatic renewal, but when you want to cancel it, the procedure is much more complicated.

　　Mr. Lao, a 66-year-old citizen of Nanning, signed a one-year GPS service with a bound mobile phone number when he bought an electric car in 2017. "The contract says one year, and I handed it over to 180 yuan." Mr. Lao said that the contract did not mention that the fee would be automatically renewed, and the staff also promised that "if I don’t serve you, it will be automatically broken."

　　After that, Mr. Lao was hospitalized because of illness, so he didn’t pay attention to the follow-up charges of this service. Until the beginning of this year, he inadvertently found that the GPS service was still being charged from many unread short messages on his mobile phone, and he took his ID card to the communication business hall to request the cancellation of the GPS short message notification service and automatic renewal service. The staff verbally promised that it could be cancelled and would help handle it.

　　Who knows that four months later, in July this year, Mr. Lao received a short message of charge deduction, and he once again came to the communication business hall to communicate. "From the salesman to the director, I found three people and said that I couldn’t handle it. The director said that he didn’t know. I have to talk to the person who signed a GPS contract to sell electric cars. They are communication service providers, just deduct money, no matter stop charging."

　　Mr. Lao went to the merchant who bought the electric car that year, but when he went to the store, it was closed, and the merchant’s phone was disconnected. In desperation, Mr. Lao had to turn to the media for help. After exposure by local media and communication with reporters, the communication operator finally canceled Mr. Lao’s GPS service fee.

　　In the view of lawyer Wu Lichuan, this sales model of merchants is suspected of infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers. Consumer protection law gives consumers the right to know and choose. Before providing confidential payment and automatic renewal service, merchants need to truthfully inform consumers of the contents, methods and fees of the service and obtain the consent of consumers. If merchants check this function for consumers by default, it is undoubtedly depriving consumers of the right to know and choose, which is illegal. The e-commerce law also explicitly prohibits "default tying" and severely punishes it.

　　"Secondly, merchants have the obligation to prompt and explain the terms of the format contract." According to the legend of Wu Li, Article 26 of the Law on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests stipulates that operators who use standard clauses in their business activities should draw consumers’ attention to the quantity and quality, price or expenses, time limit and method of performance, safety precautions, risk warning, after-sales service, civil liability and other matters of great interest to consumers in a significant way, and explain them according to consumers’ requirements. "The terms of service of online platforms usually belong to format contracts, and merchants are obliged to remind consumers of the key contents and explain them, otherwise these terms will be invalid to consumers." Legend of Wu Li.

　　With the increasing popularity of the marketing routine of automatic monthly renewal, there are more and more consumer complaints, and some institutions have begun to pay attention to this issue. On April 8th this year, Zhejiang Consumer Rights Protection Committee will interview the video and audio websites with problems and put forward nine rectification opinions based on the previous experience of members of 11 video and audio platforms, such as iQiyi, Tencent Video, Youku and Himalaya, including the failure to remind the automatic renewal fee deduction, the default check of automatic renewal fee, and the difficulty in canceling the opening.

　　As of April 17th this year, 11 video and audio websites, including iQiyi and Tencent Video, have sent rectification reply letters to Zhejiang Consumer Protection Committee. As for the problem that the automatic renewal fee deduction has not been reminded, 11 video and audio websites said that consumers who purchase continuous monthly, quarterly and annual subscriptions will receive tips sent by the website through on-site messages, SMS and WeChat before the deduction.

　　The reporter recently opened the App query of these audio websites and found that most of them canceled the default automatic renewal function. Youku VIP membership agreement describes the continuous package/automatic renewal service in detail, and its message center also has reminders of membership expiration and automatic renewal fee deduction. Dragonfly FM is informed by the news in the station 3 days in advance and by SMS 1 ~ 2 days in advance, and sends out multi-channel and multi-frequency deduction information.

　　However, some relatively small network service providers still have many irregularities. This month, Mr. Zhang from Shandong was "renewed" for 258 yuan on a mobile phone scanner without knowing it.

　　According to Liu Xunzhi, an associate professor at the Law School of Guangxi Normal University, the problem of automatic monthly renewal is widespread, indicating that the regulatory authorities have not done a good job of supervision before and after. Prior supervision should remind merchants to inform consumers in a clear and eye-catching form, and consumers are free to choose; After-the-fact supervision is to supervise and even punish the merchants in time after the consumers’ rights and interests are infringed.

　　Liu Xunzhi believes that the interview of Zhejiang Consumer Protection Committee is not the supervision and management of administrative organs, and it has no strong binding force. "It should be supervised by market supervision and management departments and industry and information departments, and a joint disciplinary mechanism should be established, such as a blacklist system, for businesses that illegally operate and infringe on consumers’ rights and interests. Conduct necessary credit punishment. With strong supervision, such illegal phenomena that infringe on consumers’ rights and interests will be gradually eliminated. "

　　Zhongqingbao Zhongqingwang reporter Xie Yang intern Xie Lvrong

　　[Classic Famous Cars] At the booth that opened yesterday, we saw many classic models, including the red Corvette C1 in 1954, and its appearance was just to create momentum for the Corvette C7 just released overseas.

　　After World War II, many European countries flooded into the United States, which became the targets of the rich and stars at that time. At that time, MG was the most outstanding performance. At that time, the legendary designer of General Motors (click to view the biography of HarleyEarl) saw the potential of the American sports car market at that time, so he persuaded the senior leaders of General Motors to start developing a coupe to compete with European cars. At that time, General Motors specially opened up a new sub-brand-Corvette for this sports car under Chevrolet.

　　In 1953, at the new york Auto Show, Corvette made its first official appearance. At that time, 300 sets were produced and sold out immediately. Subsequently, in 1954, Chevrolet not only increased its production, but also fine-tuned its models, including adding three brand-new body colors. The 1954 Corvette C1 was exhibited at this auto show, and red was also one of the newly added body colors. It is said that only 100 sets of red Corvette C1 have been produced, and its rarity can be seen. In terms of external dimensions, the length, width and height of the 1954 Corvette C1 are 4501mm, 1849mm and 1331mm respectively.

　　In fact, from 1953 to 1962, the Corvette C1 existed for nine years. The first one appeared on the C1, which was equipped with a 3.9L inline 6-cylinder, which was called "Lan Huo". On this basis, the model produced in 1954 was slightly adjusted and increased to 155 horsepower, which matched the engine with 2-speed. Since then, the Americans who pursued power have continuously improved their power and adopted a more vigorous V8 engine. In the 1960s, the appearance of C1 has also changed a lot, including the addition of a hard top and a more dynamic tail shape.

　　Today, Corvette has developed into the seventh generation model. Although the shape, interior and engine have been armed to become the most popular super sports car under GM, its inheritance of the American spirit has never changed. (Text/car home Zhang Wenjun)

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