Notice on Promoting National Sign Language and National Braille

All provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government Party Committee Propaganda Department, Disabled Persons’ Federation, Education Department (Education Committee), Language Committee, Radio and Television Bureau, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Party Committee Propaganda Department, Disabled Persons’ Federation, Education Bureau, Radio and Television Bureau:

Sign language and Braille are special languages used by more than 30 million people with hearing and vision disabilities in China. Since the founding of New China, the country has carried out a series of standardization work of sign language and Braille, with remarkable results. In the new era, with the implementation of the National Sign Language and Braille Standardization Action Plan (2015-2020) and the establishment of the National Sign Language and Braille Research Center, two major topics, the National Standard for Common Sign Language and the National Standard for Common Braille, passed the review in 2015. After more than two years of trial and improvement, the research results, the National Glossary of Common Sign Language and the National Scheme for Common Braille, were recently standardized by the National Language Committee.

In order to promote the national common sign language and the national common Braille, the Central Propaganda Department, the China Disabled Persons’ Federation, the Ministry of Education, the State Language Commission and the State Administration of Radio and Television have formulated the National Common Sign Language Promotion Scheme and the National Common Braille Promotion Scheme, which are hereby printed and distributed to you, and put forward the following requirements for the promotion.

First, raise awareness, unify thoughts, and enhance the sense of responsibility and mission of promoting national common sign language and national common Braille.

National common sign language and national common Braille are important supplements to national common language. As citizens of China, people with hearing and vision disabilities have the right to use national sign language and national Braille. Popularizing national common sign language and national common Braille is a concrete measure to implement the "people-centered" proposed by the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, which not only protects the right of hearing and vision disabled people to use spoken and written languages, but also plays an important role in learning cultural knowledge, obtaining information, social interaction, participating in social life more fairly, realizing rights and interests equally and integrating development.

All localities should take the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era as a guide, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, strengthen the "four self-confidences", conscientiously implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary "Building a well-off society in an all-round way, leaving no one without a disability" and "running special education well", fully understand the significance of popularizing national common sign language and national common Braille, enhance the sense of responsibility and mission, and improve the promotion consciousness and initiative.

Two, clear responsibilities, work together to form a joint force to promote the national common sign language and the national common Braille.

All localities should establish organizations to promote the national common sign language and the national common Braille, strengthen the organization and coordination of the promotion work, decide major issues through consultation, collectively resolve the handling of major issues, and jointly carry out supervision and inspection of the promotion work. At the same time of close cooperation, relevant departments and organizations of the Disabled Persons’ Federation should perform their respective duties.

Disabled Persons’ Federation system, including deaf associations and blind associations, should shoulder the responsibility and take the lead in organizing and coordinating the promotion of national common sign language and national common Braille; Clear departments and personnel responsible for ensuring the investment of funds; Do a good job in training hearing and vision disabled people who use sign language and Braille in society; Relying on professional institutions, we will train professionals in the field of public service and strive to create a barrier-free communication environment for the disabled.

Language and writing departments should effectively take sign language and Braille work as an important part of language and writing work, incorporate it into planning and unified deployment, strengthen business guidance and technical support, and give necessary financial support if conditions permit.

The education department should arrange for teachers and students with hearing and visual disabilities to learn the national common sign language and the national common Braille, and encourage schools at all levels to explore scientific teaching methods to ensure a smooth transition and transformation.

The administrative departments of press, publication, radio and television should widely publicize the national sign language and the national Braille in various forms, increase the training of sign language translation of TV programs, incorporate the reading promotion of the national Braille into the reading activities of the whole people, and take effective measures to implement the requirements of using the national sign language and the national Braille in national official activities, television and online media, public services and information processing.

Three, combined with the actual situation, make a plan to ensure the realization of the promotion task.

The National Universal Sign Language Promotion Program and the National Universal Braille Promotion Program define the mission objectives, implementation steps, main measures and guarantee conditions for promoting the use of national universal sign language and national universal Braille by 2020. China has a vast territory and complex dialects, and the level of economic development and educational development vary from place to place. It is necessary to formulate a road map and timetable for popularization with local characteristics, taking into account the actual situation, the number and distribution of hearing and vision disabled people, the status and distribution of educational resources, dialect characteristics, economic strength and other factors, so as to ensure the completion of the phased task of popularizing national common sign language and national common Braille by 2020.

Central Propaganda Department China Disabled Persons’ Federation Ministry of Education
State Language Committee State Administration of Radio and Television
June 18, 2018

National universal sign language promotion program

This promotion plan is formulated in accordance with the 13th Five-Year Development Plan of the National Language and Character Undertaking and the National Action Plan for Standardization of Sign Language and Braille (2015-2020).

I. Mission objectives

By 2020, the social awareness of the national common sign language will be improved, and the atmosphere of using the national common sign language in national official activities, school education, television and online media, book publishing, public services and information processing will be initially formed; Basically complete the national common sign language training for relevant personnel in special education schools, key personnel in organizations of disabled persons’ federations at all levels and deaf associations, and the backbone team proficient in and using national common sign language has begun to take shape; The national universal sign language system is more perfect, and the information service ability is further improved; Establish a national sign language level assessment mechanism.

Second, the main measures

(a) training first, and strive to build a backbone team proficient in the national common sign language.

1. Relying on the National Sign Language and Braille Research Center, China Braille Sign Language Promotion Service Center, China Association for the Deaf and some professional institutions, we will hold national key training courses on sign language for special education teachers in special education colleges and universities, sign language column hosts of TV stations at or above the prefecture level, and cast members of China Disabled People’s Art Troupe.

2. Special education institutions will take the national common sign language as the content and post requirements of teachers’ on-the-job training, and include it in continuing education credits and annual assessment, and strive to achieve full-time rotation training by 2020. Full-time teachers in special education colleges should master at least 5,000 common sign language words, and managers who directly serve students with hearing disabilities should master at least 3,000 common sign language words, and understand the characteristics of sign language, paying attention to expressing according to its characteristics.

3. Deaf associations at all levels are responsible for conducting national general sign language training for hearing-impaired people who use sign language as the main means of communication in society. In 2018, major cities in China will basically use the national common sign language, and in 2019, it will cover prefecture-level cities. In 2020, the national common sign language will be basically used in cities and towns above the county level.

4. Disabled Persons’ Federation at or above the county level should carry out national common sign language training, encourage disabled persons’ Federation staff to understand, learn and use national common sign language, and the staff who directly serve the hearing disabled should correctly master not less than 3,000 national common sign language words, and understand their own characteristics, and pay attention to expressing them according to their characteristics. By 2020, we will strive to equip disabled persons’ federations at all levels with at least one certified part-time sign language interpreter.

5. Encourage and support local special education institutions and deaf associations to carry out national common sign language training for employees in public service fields such as justice, medical care, transportation, banking, commerce, tourism and urban management.

(2) Highlight key points and strengthen the ability of key personnel in key areas to use the national common sign language.

1 to recruit students with hearing disabilities in special education schools and conditional ordinary schools (including kindergartens, ordinary primary and secondary schools, secondary vocational schools) to use the national common sign language in education and teaching activities. Since 2018, the new textbooks for deaf schools in compulsory education have used the national common sign language. In class teams, school meetings and other activities, the national common sign language is used in combination with the content of education and teaching, and school-based courses in sign language are encouraged to teach the national common sign language. By 2020, students with hearing disabilities of all grades can correctly understand and skillfully use 500-2,000 national sign language words.

2. From 2019, the national common sign language will be gradually used in the sign language columns of CCTV, provincial TV stations, simultaneous sign language interpretation of major events of the party and the state, and publications. From 2020, the national common sign language will be gradually used in the sign language column of municipal TV stations and the sign language simultaneous interpretation of local official activities.

3. Gradually establish sign language translation training and certification system. Complete the development of national common sign language level standard (Trial) and sign language translation level standard (Trial), test outline, question bank and other specifications; Relying on professional institutions and the China Deaf Association, the National General Sign Language Examination Committee was established, and 2-3 provinces were selected to carry out the pilot of the National General Sign Language Examination, so as to explore the unified industry management of the National General Sign Language Examination and qualification certification.

(three) extensive publicity, improve the social attention of the national common sign language.

1. Publish news about the national common sign language on official and institutional websites such as relevant state departments, China Disabled Persons’ Federation and its local organizations, China Deaf Association, National Sign Language and Braille Research Center, China Braille Sign Language Promotion Service Center, Huaxia Publishing House, etc., and widely publicize the national common sign language through expert interpretation, in-depth media coverage and other forms, attracting social attention.

2. In 2018, the National Dictionary of Common Sign Language was published on the basis of the National Glossary of Common Sign Language, and some minority language versions of the National Dictionary of Common Sign Language and other dictionaries, teaching materials, learning and other series of books were successively translated and published.

3. Organize the national general sign language column program on China Education Television. Compile and publish national sign language posters and teaching wall charts. Use important time nodes such as "National Day for the Disabled", "International Sign Language Day", "International Day for the Deaf" and "International Day for the Disabled" to hold various and popular national sign language promotion activities. Organize the National General Sign Language Skills Competition in due course.

4 to encourage the establishment of a public welfare national common sign language learning platform, research and development of national common sign language information products. Encourage the use of artificial intelligence, speech recognition, sign language recognition and other advanced technologies to study various national common sign language information products.

Third, the guarantee conditions

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall establish a leading group for the promotion of national common sign language, led by the Disabled Persons’ Federation and attended by education, language committee, press and publication, radio and television departments, with a clear division of labor, close cooperation, strengthened coordination, formulated an implementation plan for the promotion of national common sign language in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities), and regularly studied and solved major problems to ensure the orderly development of the promotion work. Special attention should be paid to giving play to the role of deaf associations and actively absorbing them to participate in training and promotion activities. The provinces that have carried out the pilot project of national common sign language should play the leading role of the pilot unit, sum up the experience of promoting the pilot, lead the promotion work in the whole province, and improve the promotion quality.

(2) make overall arrangements for funds. Disabled persons’ federations at all levels shall, in accordance with the requirements of the National Action Plan for Standardization of Sign Language and Braille (2015-2020), take the initiative to coordinate the financial departments, and include the funds needed to promote the national common sign language in the budget to ensure investment. National textbook publishing funds, national publishing funds, TV station business funds, etc. should be included in the promotion of national common sign language and be tilted. All localities should focus on subsidizing the purchase of national general sign language school supplies by poor hearing disabled people. Conditional places can establish and implement the national universal sign language translation service subsidy system.

(three) into the scope of supervision. All localities should incorporate the promotion and use of national common sign language into the education supervision, language work supervision and evaluation, barrier-free environment construction supervision and inspection of governments at all levels, and carry out special supervision when necessary. It is necessary to report the results of supervision and inspection, sum up successful experiences, and find and solve problems in time.

National General Braille Promotion Program

This promotion plan is formulated in accordance with the 13th Five-Year Development Plan of the National Language and Character Undertaking and the National Action Plan for Standardization of Sign Language and Braille (2015-2020).

I. Mission objectives

By 2020, the social awareness of the national common Braille will be improved, the backbone team skilled in mastering and using the national common Braille will take shape, the information service ability will be improved, the national common Braille level assessment mechanism will be established, and the national examination papers will be printed in the national common Braille, thus forming an atmosphere of using the national common Braille in national official activities, school education, book publishing, public services and information processing.

Second, the implementation steps

(1) Students with visual disabilities who use Braille at school.

1. From the fall semester of 2018, the first-year primary school students began to use the textbooks printed in the national common Braille (the standard version of each word), and the second-year primary school students began to use the textbooks printed in the national common Braille and supporting extracurricular reading materials (including provincial and simplified versions). The third to sixth grades and junior high school grades will change the national general Braille version simultaneously with the new curriculum standard textbooks for blind schools. Students in other grades continue to use the original textbooks.

2. Starting from the spring semester of 2019, in the spring semester of each academic year, students with visual disabilities who graduated from junior high schools, senior high schools (including ordinary senior high schools, adult senior high schools and secondary vocational schools, the same below) and colleges and universities will receive no less than 8 class hours of national general Braille training until the transition of students at school is completed.

3. Starting from the fall semester of 2019, freshmen majoring in rehabilitation and health care of traditional Chinese medicine in secondary vocational schools began to use textbooks and supporting extracurricular reading materials (including provincial and abbreviated versions) printed by the national general Braille, and students of other majors and grades continued to use the original textbooks.

4. From the fall semester of 2020, freshmen in ordinary high schools and universities (including graduate students) began to use textbooks printed in Braille and supporting extracurricular reading materials (including provincial and simplified versions). Students in other grades continue to use the original textbooks.

Students who have already used the national common Braille textbooks will be promoted to senior grades and replaced with the national common Braille textbooks.

(2) Visually disabled people who use Braille in society.

From 2018, focusing on young people under 50 years old, we will carry out national general Braille training for visually disabled people in society. By 2020, all localities will complete the backbone training of social vision disabled people at the provincial, city and county levels, and carry out a certain range of universal training.

(3) Special education normal students.

From the fall semester of 2018, the Braille courses for special education teachers will be gradually converted into national general Braille, which will be completed in 2020. Beginning in the spring semester of 2019, graduates will receive no less than 16 hours of national general Braille training before leaving school, until the transition of students in school is completed.

(four) the publication of teaching AIDS, extracurricular reading materials and social reading materials.

From the second half of 2018, the national general braille books will be gradually published. The proportion of new books published in 2018 is 10%, the proportion of new books published in 2019 is 30%, and the proportion of new books published in 2020 is 60%.

(5) Official activities and examinations.

From 2019 onwards, when people with visual disabilities participate in major activities of the party, the state and local governments, they will provide written materials in national Braille.

From 2020 onwards, the national general Braille system will be gradually used in qualified national examinations (excluding abbreviations), and candidates’ answer sheets will not be required for the time being.

Third, the main measures

(1) Building a backbone team. Professional institutions such as China Association for the Blind, China Braille Publishing House, China Braille Library, Beijing Union University College of Special Education, etc., hold national general Braille backbone training courses for special education institutions, ordinary schools where students with visual disabilities attend classes, Braille publishing units, blind associations and units where people with visual disabilities are concentrated in employment. The number of backbone teams is not less than 800.

(2) Strengthen the training of special education teachers. Special education institutions that recruit students with visual disabilities should take the national Braille as the content and job requirements of teachers’ on-the-job training, and include it in continuing education credits and annual assessment. From 2018, it is necessary to train teachers of grades and disciplines who use the national Braille textbooks, and in 2020, all staff will be trained in rotation.

(3) Smooth learning channels and enrich learning forms. Compile and publish national general Braille posters and teaching atlases, and record the audio and video of the training and teaching of the National General Braille Program. In the blind monthly, blind children’s literature and other Braille publications, the national general Braille training lectures were held, and the relevant columns were selected to gradually switch to the national general Braille. In 2020, the National General Braille Knowledge and Skills Competition will be held.

(D) Build an online learning platform. Widely mobilize social forces, research and develop national general-purpose Braille information products, and incorporate them into the digital reading promotion project for the blind. By 2020, the national universal Braille network service platform and a variety of electronic information products will be gradually realized to serve the majority of visually disabled people.

(five) the establishment of a national general Braille level assessment mechanism. In 2019, we will complete the development of the national general Braille level standard (for trial implementation), test outline and test question bank, establish the national general Braille examination committee based on professional institutions and China Blind Association, and select some provinces to carry out the national general Braille level examination pilot work in 2020.

Fourth, the guarantee conditions

(1) Strengthen organizational leadership. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) shall establish a national leading group for the promotion of universal Braille, led by the Disabled Persons’ Federation and attended by education, language committee, press and publication, radio and television departments, with a clear division of labor, close cooperation, strengthened coordination, formulated an implementation plan for the promotion of national universal Braille in the province (autonomous regions and municipalities), and regularly studied and solved major problems to ensure the orderly development of the promotion work. Special attention should be paid to giving play to the role of blind associations and actively absorbing them to participate in training and promotion activities. The provinces that have carried out the national general Braille pilot should give full play to the leading role of the pilot units, sum up the experience of promoting the pilot, lead the province’s promotion work, and improve the quality of promotion.

(2) make overall arrangements for funds. Disabled persons’ federations at all levels shall, in accordance with the requirements of the National Action Plan for Standardization of Sign Language and Braille (2015-2020), take the initiative to coordinate the financial departments, and include the funds needed to promote the national Braille into the budget to ensure the investment. National textbook publishing funds and national publishing funds should include the publication and promotion of national general braille books and give them a tilt. All localities should focus on subsidizing the purchase of national general braille school supplies by poor visually impaired people.

(3) Providing Braille teaching materials and reading materials in a timely manner. Shanghai Boai Braille Printing Co., Ltd. is responsible for printing Braille textbooks for compulsory education. China Braille Publishing House is responsible for publishing extracurricular reading materials, high school (including technical secondary school) and college teaching materials and social reading materials.

(four) into the scope of supervision. All localities should incorporate the promotion and use of the national Braille into the education supervision, language and writing work supervision and evaluation, and barrier-free environment construction supervision and inspection of governments at all levels, and carry out special supervision when necessary. It is necessary to report the results of supervision and inspection, sum up successful experiences, and find and solve problems in time.

District Civil Affairs Bureau, Finance Bureau, State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, Social Affairs Bureau of Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone:

　　In order to thoroughly implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, conscientiously implement the National Development and Reform Commission and other departments’ Several Policies on Promoting the Recovery and Development of Difficult Industries in the Service Industry, and this Municipality’s Several Measures on Continuing to Increase the Assistance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises to Accelerate the Recovery and Development of Difficult Enterprises, and Notice on Matters Related to the Reduction and Exemption of Housing Rent for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Individual Industrial and Commercial Houses in the Service Industry, so as to reduce the impact of the epidemic on the operation of old-age service institutions and help them tide over the difficulties and develop steadily, with the consent of the municipal government, the relevant matters are hereby notified as follows:

　　First, improve the operating subsidy standard for old-age care institutions

　　According to the Measures for the Administration of Operating Subsidies for Old-age Care Institutions in Beijing, we will increase support for the operation of old-age care institutions. Since March 2022, when the first-level prevention and control measures were implemented in the old-age care institutions, on the basis of the existing operating subsidy standards, the old-age care institutions will be given a maximum of six months of operating subsidies according to the standard of increasing 500 yuan per month for every elderly person actually admitted, and will be allocated in batches according to the actual closed management time.

　　For the urban community old-age service stations (urban stations) and rural happy old-age stations (rural stations) that have been put on record and announced by the civil affairs departments, those who have temporarily taken care of the elderly and implemented closed management according to the government requirements, with reference to the provisions and calculation methods of operating subsidies for old-age care institutions, and according to the standard of increasing 500 yuan per month for every actual elderly person, they will be given six months of operating subsidies.

　　The actual number of elderly people admitted to the old-age care institutions is based on the data of the elderly registered in this city collected by the municipal social welfare service management platform on March 31, 2022. If the elderly stay for 15 days (inclusive) within a month, the operating subsidy will be paid in one month; If it is less than 15 days, no operating subsidy will be paid.

　　Old-age service institutions should conscientiously fulfill the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control, strictly follow the requirements of epidemic prevention and control management of old-age care institutions in this city, improve the management system, strengthen the management of admission and discharge, regularly carry out nucleic acid testing for all staff, and guide the admitted personnel to be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine. This new operating subsidy should be combined with the implementation of the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control in the aged care service institutions.

　　Old-age care institutions have been partially deducted from their operating subsidies due to their ineffective implementation of the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control, and they will be settled in a unified way when the normal operating subsidies of old-age care institutions are allocated in the first half of 2022 and beyond. Encourage all districts to complete the allocation of subsidies for the normal operation of old-age care institutions in the first half of the year before the end of August, but no later than the end of September 2022.

　　As of the effective date of this notice, if the institution has stopped operating and will no longer operate in the future, it will no longer be given operating subsidies.

　　Two, give the community pension service station operating subsidies.

　　Since March, 2022, when the first-class prevention and control measures of old-age service institutions were implemented, for urban community old-age service stations (urban stations) and rural happy old-age stations (rural stations) which were put on record and announced by the civil affairs departments, if they earnestly performed the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control as required and basically completed the relevant tasks in the responsible area, they would be given a fixed operating subsidy of up to six months according to the standards of 20,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan per month, respectively, and allocated in batches according to the actual closed management time. Before the effective date of this notice, no operating subsidies will be given to the stations that have been shut down and no longer operate in the future. Each district should complete the allocation of subsidies from March to May in 2022 in mid-July, and complete the allocation of follow-up subsidies before the end of September 2022.

　　For the post station, it is difficult to fully complete four basic old-age service projects according to the Measures for Supporting the Operation of Community Old-age Service Posts in Beijing due to the implementation of the first-level prevention and control measures of the old-age service institutions, but the telephone tour, old-age consultant, emergency call, supply and demand docking and other alternative basic old-age service tasks have been completed according to the requirements of each district, and the basic subsidy for the post station will be approved by each district according to the completion of the basic old-age service tasks of the post station, and the subsidy allocation for the first half of the year will be completed in mid-July 2022.

　　Due to the ineffective implementation of the main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control, the station was deducted some operating subsidies, and it was settled in a unified way when the normal operating subsidies of the old-age care institutions were allocated in the first half of 2022 and beyond. Within 15 days from the date of issuance of this notice, each district shall, in accordance with the principle of "high priority", give a fixed operating subsidy or a basic subsidy to the post during the first-level prevention and control period of the old-age service institutions, and make a choice to confirm and report to the Civil Affairs Bureau.

　　Each district may, in combination with the actual situation of the district, reward the post stations that play an important role in community prevention and control.

　　III. Rent reduction and exemption for old-age service institutions

　　In 2022, for the old-age care service institutions that lease the properties owned by government agencies and institutions at all levels and state-owned enterprises for providing old-age care services, all districts will coordinate rent reduction and exemption in accordance with the General Office of the Municipal Government’s "Several Measures on Continuing to Increase the Assistance of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises and Accelerating the Recovery and Development of Difficult Enterprises" (Beijing Zhengban Fa [2022] No.14).

　　For the old-age service institutions that rent non-state-owned houses and cannot get rent relief, each district can give appropriate assistance in light of the actual situation.

　　Four, reduce the proportion of public private institutions to manage development funds.

　　The owner will collect half of the agency management and development funds and rent of the operator during the response period of epidemic prevention and control of major public health emergencies.

　　V. Strengthening the financial guarantee

　　The funds required for this Notice shall be arranged by all districts as a whole and raised through multiple channels. For the funds needed to improve the operating subsidies of old-age care institutions during the epidemic prevention and control in 2022, the municipal and district finances will share the funds in a ratio of 6: 4, and the municipal financial subsidies will be distributed to all districts through special transfer payments before mid-July 2022. The newly-added operating subsidy will be allocated to the old-age service institution in a lump sum in mid-July 2022. All districts should strengthen relevant records and properly keep complete vouchers, and consciously accept auditing and supervision during and after the event.

　　Attachment: Subject Responsibility of Epidemic Prevention and Control in Aged Care Service Institutions

Beijing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau　　　　

beijing finance bureau　　　　

State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of Beijing Municipal People’s Government　　　　

July 12, 2022　　

attachment

The main responsibility of epidemic prevention and control in old-age service institutions

　　Before the end of September, 2022, for the old-age care institutions that were found to have seriously violated the epidemic prevention and control requirements and were recognized by the municipal and district civil affairs departments respectively, it was found that 20% of the total operating subsidies were deducted once, 50% of the subsidies were deducted twice, and 80% of the subsidies were deducted more than twice. Among them, in the case of Article 7, the operating subsidy shall be deducted according to the corresponding regulations.

　　1. Old-age care institutions (including community old-age care service stations for the elderly, the same below) failed to implement fully enclosed management at the gate as required, and the staff failed to enter and leave the gate as required.

　　2. The elderly who temporarily went out for medical treatment and their accompanying personnel did not live in isolation according to the regulations after returning to the old-age care institution.

　　3. Living materials, express items, etc. entering the old-age care institution are not allowed to stand and disinfect according to regulations, or are not delivered in a "non-contact" manner.

　　4. The community pension service station provides in-house meals or gathering services in violation of regulations.

　　5. Emergency maintenance personnel, nucleic acid testing personnel and emergency visiting family members who have not changed their full protective clothing and wear N95 masks have not been prevented from entering the old-age care institutions.

　　6 old-age care institutions, community old-age service stations and staff did not carry out full-time nucleic acid testing according to regulations.

　　7. Before the end of July, 2022, the vaccination rate of residents in old-age care institutions in COVID-19 (excluding residents who were identified as contraindications for vaccination in COVID-19 by local health departments) did not meet the specified requirements. If the vaccination rate is lower than 60%, no subsidy will be given; If the vaccination rate is lower than 70%, a subsidy of 60% will be given; If the vaccination rate is lower than 80%, 70% subsidy will be given; If the vaccination rate is lower than 90%, 80% subsidy will be given; If it is less than 100%, it will be subsidized by 90%.

　　8 other serious violations of epidemic prevention and control requirements.

According to Cailian News, with the continuous injection of artificial intelligence by various capitals, the supply of high-bandwidth memory (HBM) is in short supply, and global technology giants including NVIDIA, AMD, Microsoft and Amazon are all bidding for the fifth-generation high-bandwidth memory HBM3E of SK Hynix. Recently, HBM’s "rescue" memory chip giant reported that the loss of DS department where Samsung’s electronic storage business is located narrowed in the second quarter, and SK Hynix’s sales in the second quarter exceeded analysts’ expectations. The company said that the expansion of the generative AI market has rapidly pushed up the demand for AI server memory, so the sales of high-end products such as HBM3 and DDR5 increased. Judging from the performance of the secondary market, A-share listed companies with the concept of HBM have also taken advantage of the wind. The stock prices of HBM epoxy plastic packaging supplier Huahai Chengke, HBM agent Shannon Xinchuang and HBM substrate supplier Zhongfu Circuit have increased by 157%, 158% and 136% respectively since May.

Micron Technology has previously stated that the capacity requirements for DRAM and NAND of AI servers are 8 times and 3 times that of conventional servers, respectively. Memory chips can be divided into volatile memory chips and nonvolatile memory chips according to whether data is lost after power failure. DRAM is the most common volatile memory chip, and NAND flash memory chip and NOR flash memory chip are the most common nonvolatile memory chips. According to WSTS statistics, in the memory chip market in 2021, DRAM accounts for 61%, NAND Flash accounts for 36%, and other memory chips account for only 3%.

Oriental fortune securities’s February research report pointed out that DRAM’s market head enterprises are Samsung, SK Hynix, Micron, etc., and Chinese mainland’s representative enterprises include Changxin Storage and Fujian Jinhua. The market head enterprises of NAND Flash are Samsung, Chivalrous, Western Digital, etc., and the representative enterprises of Chinese mainland are mainly Changjiang Storage; NOR Flash’s market head enterprises are Winbond, Wanghong, Zhaoyi Innovation, etc., and Chinese mainland’s representative enterprises are mainly Zhaoyi Innovation.

▌ SK Hynix, Samsung and Micron, the three leading global memory chips, pointed out that the price, supply and demand and space end blew the horn of industry recovery.

HBM is a DRAM product with the fastest data processing speed. It is a DRAM memory chip based on 3D stacking technology. After stacking multiple DDR chips, it is packaged with GPU, which can achieve higher bandwidth, higher bit width, lower power consumption and smaller size. The latest financial report shows that the performance of SK Hynix, Samsung and Micron, the three leading memory chip DRAM, began to rebound. Samsung Electronics 23Q2′ s revenue declined due to the decline in smartphone shipments, but its storage business improved compared with the previous quarter. The official said that it was mainly due to the company’s focus on HBM and DDR5 products; SK Hynix’s sales in the quarter ended June 30 were 7.31 trillion won (about 5.7 billion US dollars), down 47% year-on-year, but exceeding analysts’ expectations of 6.05 trillion won. Although HBM’s revenue in SK Hynix currently accounts for less than 1%, this proportion is expected to rise to 10% this year; Meguiar’s 23Q2 performance rebounded after three consecutive quarters of decline. In addition, the monthly performance of the original factory in Taiwan, China also improved continuously month on month.

The research report released by Pan Chang, TF Securities on July 17th pointed out that recently, the favorable turning point of memory chips has been frequently reported, and the horn of recovery seems to be in our ears. From the perspective of historical cycle, the cycle of the storage industry is about 3-4 years. This cycle starts from 2020Q1, and the price peaks in stages in 2022Q1. At present, the price has been reduced for six consecutive quarters, and it is in the bottoming stage of the cycle.

In terms of price, since Q2 this year, a number of suppliers have issued bottoming signals. First, Samsung and Micron issued a notice to dealers, no longer taking orders from DRAM and NANDFlash at low prices, and refused to accept quotations lower than those in April. In May, it was reported that Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix were considering raising their quotations after the original flash memory of Changjiang Storage officially started to increase its price by 3-5%. In late June, only Samsung was willing to conduct cSSD (Consumer Solid-State Disk) transactions in advance, and the dealers hoped that the suppliers would make concessions, but they were all rejected.

Pan Wei pointed out that on the demand side of supply, Micron announced in June that it expected to reduce production to 2024. Earlier, in 2022Q4, the original factories drastically cut their capital expenditures. If the normal production cycle is 3-4 months, the effect of supply contraction and production reduction will be accelerated in Q2 and Q3. South Asia Branch said that the company had urgent orders in some application fields. Recently, Winbond’s demand for three major applications, such as consumer electronics, television and Internet of Things, has warmed up, and industrial control-related orders have continued to be hot, and customers have rushed in, and there are also a lot of them.

In addition, on the space side, in the short term, the scale of memory chips will increase quarter by quarter, and in the long term, the storage demand under the catalysis of AI is expected to increase several times. On the geopolitical side, overseas manufacturers gradually withdrew from the niche market, and Meguiar’s incident accelerated local substitution.

▌ The memory chip will be reversed or "late" at the bottom. In the two quarters, the organization expects DRAM or NAND Flash to recover the cross-border layout of many A-share listed companies faster.

It is worth noting that at present, the memory chip industry seems to be confirming that it is about to bottom out, but the share price of 76 billion A-share leader Zhaoyi Innovation is "still calm". In fact, the impending reversal has even been "late". Recently, Yole Intelligence, a market research organization, updated a monitoring data report of the memory chip market. In Yole’s original forecast, the global memory chip market will start to recover in the second quarter of 2023, but its latest report points out that there is no need to hold too much hope for the memory chip market in the third quarter of 2023, and it is optimistic that the market will start to pick up in the fourth quarter of this year.

However, Yole is not the only one who predicts that the storage market will recover in the coming fourth quarter. According to Taiwan Province Economic Daily and Science and Technology News, citing the latest report issued by the American market research organization, Micron, Western Digital and other memory chip suppliers think that the product prices have fallen to the bottom, and began to cancel the mode of bulk trading at discounted prices in advance, and even began to raise prices. The survey agency predicts that the decline rate of memory chip prices will narrow from Q3, and the contract prices of some products are likely to rise from Q4. The situation of different product lines is different, and it is expected to fully recover next year.

Judging from the market news, the recovery of DRAM may be faster than that of NAND Flash. TrendForce Jibang Consulting recently estimated that the average price of NAND Flash in the third quarter continued to drop by about 3%-8%, and it is expected to stop falling and rebound in the fourth quarter, and the average price decline of DRAM in the third quarter will converge to 0-5%. The article "The Cold Wind of Memory Chips, Will Stop" published by the semiconductor industry on July 25th pointed out that DRAM bottomed out in the third quarter and NAND waited for another season. Earlier, some people in the industrial chain said that Samsung, SK Hynix and Micron all hoped to raise the contract price of DRAM orders in the third quarter, with a target increase of 7%-8%. However, because the terminal market has not seen obvious signs of recovery, there are obvious signs of seesaw in the upstream and downstream. In terms of NAND, recently, the market also heard that the original upstream NAND factory plans to raise the price from July.

In addition, according to the information of the Internet Office in May, Micron, which occupies a lot of land in China storage market, failed to pass the network security review. Ping An Securities Research Report pointed out that in 2022, Micron’s operating income in Chinese mainland was $3.311 billion. Analysts pointed out that if Micron’s business in China is limited, the niche storage market will naturally benefit first. In the niche storage field with relatively low technical barriers, Zhaoyi Innovation is the fastest growing and strongest company. In addition, Beijing Junzheng, the leader in vehicle storage, and Dongxin, the leader in domestic SLC NAND field, are expected to benefit. In the downstream storage module industry, Jumbo Long and Baiwei Storage also have strong competitiveness in the global market, among which Jumbo Long’s eMMC and UFS products have a global market share of 6.5%, ranking sixth in the world and first in China; The global market share of eMMC and UFS stored by Baiwei is 2.4%, ranking eighth in the world and second in China. The main suppliers of these two companies include Micron.

Analysts pointed out that although the inventory pressure downstream of memory chips is still there, the bottom is just around the corner through the dynamics of major manufacturers and industry analysis data. In order to catch up with the next wave of boom cycle after the turning point of the industry, Wanrun Technology, Liyuan Information, Shannon Core and Guoxin Technology and many other manufacturers have cross-border layouts. However, analysts also pointed out that even if the existing domestic storage companies, such as Zhaoyi Innovation, Beijing Junzheng, Eastcore and Puyan, are counted, most of the domestic storage products are at the SSD module and NOR Flash level, and it is difficult to touch the high-end DRAM and other markets vigorously promoted by international manufacturers, which makes it difficult for domestic storage manufacturers to enjoy the dividend in the incremental market and need to follow the trend in the supply and demand of the storage market.

Original title: Memory chips arrive late in spring? AI ignites demand for HBM to "rescue" the financial reports of giants such as Hynix and Samsung. Can A shares fully blow the "counterattack assembly number"

Editor: Lareina C

Editor: Wu Zhonglan

Audit: Feng Fei

The reporter learned from the leading group (headquarters) of novel coronavirus, Shandong Province that a few days ago, the office of the leading group (headquarters) of COVID-19, a provincial party committee, issued the Notice on Further Improving the Promotion and Application of Electronic Health Passwords. The Notice pointed out that from the current distribution of health codes, the promotion and application of health codes in various cities and industries still need to be further strengthened.

The Notice pointed out that the Shandong Electronic Health Passcode (hereinafter referred to as "Health Code") is a electronic certificate for individuals to travel during the epidemic prevention and control period, an important measure to support the epidemic prevention and control by using information technology, and an invisible electronic defense line deployed in urban and rural communities and public places. At present, the health code system of our province has achieved real-time comparison with the information of the national integrated government service platform and the provincial epidemic prevention database, and it can automatically issue red codes or yellow codes to the confirmed patients, suspected cases, asymptomatic infected persons, close contacts, people with fever and other symptoms, people entering Shandong from abroad, people from medium and high-risk areas and other people who need to be managed. By checking the health code, we can limit the contact between people at risk and society, reduce the risk of epidemic spread and promote the orderly flow of people.

The Notice makes it clear that,

Further do a good job in the promotion and application of health codes

The requirements are as follows:

First, strengthen publicity and promotion to enhance people’s awareness. Departments in charge of various cities and industries should attach great importance to it, pay attention to giving play to the leading role of the government, guide the news media to take active actions, interpret the Interim Provisions on the Application of Health Access Codes in Shandong Province (hereinafter referred to as the Interim Provisions) in various ways, publicize the functions, application ways and usage methods of health codes in a high frequency and wide coverage, and strive to make health codes known to everyone.

Second, speed up industrial application and strengthen manual inspection. Municipalities and industry departments should strictly implement the "Interim Provisions" and other documents, further standardize the application and management of health codes, and continuously increase the popularization and application of health codes. Especially for communities, restaurants, shopping malls, hospitals, schools, hotels, vehicles, tourist attractions, administrative service halls and other key places, the competent departments of various industries should specially formulate and issue notices on the popularization and application of health codes in the industry, take health code inspection and body temperature monitoring as important means of prevention and control, strictly carry out manual inspection of health codes, guide the masses to take the initiative to apply for and produce health codes, and improve the application rate and inspection rate of health codes as soon as possible.

Third, strengthen supervision and compact work responsibilities. Municipalities and industry departments should strengthen supervision and implementation, clarify the division of responsibilities, comprehensively monitor and timely dispatch the application of health codes in this city and this industry. The Office of the Leading Group (Headquarters) of the Provincial Party Committee will check the promotion and application of health codes in various cities and units through unannounced visits, collecting the number of codes issued, checking video images, etc., combined with the complaints and reports of the 12345 hotline, and will notify the places and units that have failed to implement health codes and have been reported many times.

How to apply for health pass code in Shandong province

Let’s watch together!

01

What is the health pass code of Shandong Province?

"Shandong Health Pass Code" (hereinafter referred to as "Health Pass Code") is a electronic certificate for individuals to travel during the epidemic prevention and control period, an important measure to realize effective management of epidemic prevention and control by using information technology, and an invisible electronic defense line deployed in urban and rural communities and public places. According to the different situations of personnel, the health pass code system has set up several modules, such as "application for pass code", "declaration for coming to Shandong" and "agency for family members", which can not only realize the accurate investigation and strict control of "four types of personnel", but also strengthen the scientific management of those returning to work and school during the epidemic prevention and control period, and facilitate the travel of personnel during the epidemic prevention and control period. The Office of the Leading Group (Headquarters) of COVID-19 Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China issued the Interim Provisions on the Application of Health Pass Codes in Shandong Province, which played a positive role in promoting the orderly flow of personnel and accelerating the recovery of production and living order. The health pass code is loaded with three colors of red, yellow and green, which indicate the health risks of the epidemic respectively, corresponding to high risk, medium risk and low risk respectively.

02

Why should I handle and use the health pass code?

Our province’s health pass code was determined and built by the leading group (headquarters) of COVID-19, the provincial party committee, under the unified requirements of the State Council’s joint prevention and control mechanism. It has been connected to the national integrated government service platform, and mutually recognized with the health pass codes of all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and the "national epidemic prevention information code" in technology. By calling the national integrated government service platform and the province’s epidemic prevention database, the health status of people from overseas and other provinces, as well as residents of this province, is recognized and managed. After big data comparison, at present, there are still some people in our province who have close contacts with COVID-19, who have not entered Shandong for a long period of isolation, and who have issued red and yellow codes from medium and high-risk areas. They also need to be quarantined for medical observation according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control. Therefore, it is still necessary to check the necessary health pass codes in key places such as communities, restaurants, shopping malls, hospitals, hotels, vehicles, cultural tourism, office buildings, etc., so as to restrict the passage of people with red and yellow codes or without health pass codes. Only through the strict implementation of the health pass code inspection system can we limit the contact between people at risk and society and reduce the risk of epidemic spread.

.

03

How to apply for and use the health pass code?

Travelers apply for it in three ways. First, use WeChat to pay attention to the "Healthy Shandong Service Number" WeChat WeChat official account-"Epidemic Prevention Zone"; The second is to download the "Love Shandong" app-the home page "Hot Applications"; The third is to use Alipay homepage to search for "Shandong Health Pass Card".

(Click to view larger image)

(1) Residents in Shandong Province can directly click on the column of "Health Pass Card" and select "Pass Code Application". According to the prompts, they only need to fill in seven basic information, including name, certificate type, certificate number, mobile phone number, nationality (region), residence address and contact history within 14 days, and then they can get the health pass code after making a commitment.

(two) people from other provinces to Shandong (back to Shandong), after arriving in our province, must be transcoded into the health pass code of Shandong Province through the "declaration of coming to Shandong" module, and all those who hold the green code will pass. All localities are not allowed to set additional conditions for traffic, and do not take centralized or home isolation measures. The personnel leaving the province shall be implemented according to local policies.

(Click to view larger image)

(3) After the expiration of the quarantine period for those who have entered (returned to) Shandong from abroad, those who have passed the inspection shall apply for the health pass code through the "declaration for coming to Shandong" module, and the code will be automatically assigned after big data comparison.

04

What are the categories of health pass codes?

What are the red, yellow and green health pass codes? What does it mean? What measures need to be taken?

(1) Code Red (high risk)

(Style, privacy treated)

The red health pass code mainly includes the following people: people from key areas of epidemic prevention and control and high-risk areas; Confirmed patients; Suspected patient; Asymptomatic infected persons who are undergoing centralized isolation medical observation; Close contacts who are conducting centralized or isolated medical observation at home; Other personnel who need to be included in the management of high-risk personnel.

Persons shown in code red should immediately report to local epidemic prevention and control institutions or community health service centers and disease prevention and control centers for centralized isolation medical observation.

(2) Yellow code (medium risk)

(Style, privacy treated)

The yellow health pass code mainly includes the following people: those who have a fever clinic record within 14 days; Persons with fever, dry cough, shortness of breath and respiratory symptoms; Abnormal personnel in the province’s epidemic database within 14 days; The patients who were cured and discharged after 14 days of home observation were diagnosed; Contact with asymptomatic infected persons who have been under medical isolation for less than 14 days; Persons from overseas who have not completed the isolation period; People from risk areas in the epidemic; Other personnel who need to be included in the management of medium-risk personnel.

Persons shown in yellow code need to strictly observe the medical isolation at home. In case of any discomfort such as fever (body temperature greater than or equal to 37.3℃), fatigue, cough, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, etc., they should wear masks to see a doctor in a nearby medical institution at the first time, or contact the local epidemic prevention and control group or community health service center and disease prevention and control center immediately.

When people in middle-risk areas move across regions, they need to stay at home for 14 days after arriving at their destination.

(3) Green code (low risk)

(Style, privacy treated)

Except for the red and yellow people, other people’s health pass codes are all green, which can pass normally with bright codes.

In case of any discomfort such as fever (body temperature greater than or equal to 37.3℃), fatigue, cough, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, etc., put on a mask and go to a nearby medical institution for treatment as soon as possible. If you find that your green code turns yellow or red, please deal with it according to the above two colors.

05

Old people and children don’t have mobile phones. What should I do?

For the elderly, children, primary and secondary school students, etc., it is inconvenient to use the health pass code. You can bind the family health pass code in the "Agency for Family" module of the health pass code, and show or print the paper health pass code on your behalf. It is valid for 14 days and has the same effect as the electronic health pass code. After the expiration of 14 days, you can reprint it.

06

Do you still need to scan the code for verification in the province?

Temperature detection and green code access are important means of prevention and control in communities, units and key places. In communities, restaurants, shopping malls, hospitals, hotels, transportation, cultural tourism, office buildings and other key places, residents and all kinds of service personnel who hold the green code of the health pass in the province will pass by bright code, and the place code scanning and manual code scanning verification will no longer be carried out, but manual inspection of the health pass code is still required. For those who travel with green codes, no organization or person may hinder entry on the grounds of epidemic prevention and control, and may not collect other personal health information. If the staff find the yellow code or the red code, they should immediately report to the local epidemic prevention and control department.

070

What if there is something wrong with my health pass code?

The health password system is updated in real time according to the changes of epidemic situation and policy requirements. If you encounter problems such as slow opening and the color of the password is not displayed, please wait patiently and use it normally after the update is completed. If you can’t register normally, have questions about health information or have other problems, you can click "…" in the upper right corner to select the "feedback and complaint" module for feedback, and the staff will handle it in time. You can also call the technical contact number below the system for consultation, but due to the large number of consultations, it may be impossible to connect.

081

What should I do if I encounter problems such as not allowing traffic when I travel?

When traveling, you can call the local 12345 hotline to make a complaint if you encounter problems such as staff not checking the health pass code, scanning the QR code, recording personal health information, and the green code is not allowed to pass. Places and units that have been reported many times will be held accountable.

093

What is the use of electronic health password?

The "electronic health pass code" is based on the national resident electronic health card, which is a special symbol used by the electronic health card for the personal health status of residents during the epidemic protection period. What is an electronic health card? Electronic health card is a universal medical and health service card in China. It is a unified standard medical service card for urban and rural residents handled by health departments according to resident identity cards and other legal documents. It is uniformly generated, authenticated and managed by the national electronic health card system service platform and is universal in China.

Therefore, the electronic health pass code is actually an electronic health card with color to distinguish personal health status. During the epidemic period, it can be used not only for travel management and health status, but also for "non-contact" treatment by directly brushing the QR code of the electronic health pass card in hospitals where electronic health card reading equipment has been deployed. You can also click on the medical service in "Health Shandong Service Number" and select the "Show it when swiping the card" function to use.

Important tips

Your health information is very important for epidemic prevention and control. Please fill in the true information when you apply, and you will bear legal responsibility if you conceal or make false reports. Your electronic health password has been valid since the date of handling during the epidemic period, and the dynamic comparison management of epidemic big data is carried out through the provincial epidemic database every day.

Original title: "Look quickly! Regarding the health pass code, Shandong issued the latest notice! 》

　　[car home Original Test Drive] On April 10th, SAIC MAXUS D90 Pro (abbreviated as D90 Pro in the text) was officially launched, and there were seven new models with the price range of 179,800-279,800 yuan. In fact, this car was unveiled at the Guangzhou Auto Show last year and accepted the reservation. After more than four months, it finally came. We also conducted a field test drive for this car at the first time. Compared with our AH-100 professional test site, the off-road test site is not difficult. Surely such a simple "test" can’t help this "tough guy" who is good at off-road?

　　The test drive of the SAIC MAXUS D90 Pro is equipped with a 2.0T diesel engine and matched with the 8AT automatic manual transmission. As a modified model of SAIC MAXUS D90, this car has also been given a brand-new naming method. The appearance of the word Pro makes us look forward to the improvement of its strength.

● Test drive models

　　Although it is said that there are seven models on the market, in fact, there is no fixed configuration version of the D90 Pro. The "recommended models" and prices are only for reference. Users can determine the configuration they want through the wise selection of SAIC MAXUS Spider, and specifically customize their favorite models.

● The appearance is masculine.

　　The body size of the D90 Pro is relatively large, which also determines that it is "born" with a strong gas field. The hexagonal mesh shape looks a bit exaggerated, but at present, "big mouth" is also a popular design style. For most users who choose the D90 Pro, they definitely bought a car to go out in the wild, so it is more important to choose a set of off-road kits. The off-road kits provided by SAIC MAXUS for the D90 Pro include original 18-inch off-road tires, wading throats, bottom off-road fenders, off-road wheel eyebrows and sand barriers, etc. The D90 Pro equipped with these kits is like an athlete in a competition suit, and its heroic spirit is compelling. It’s a little pity that we didn’t assemble all the off-road kits for this test drive.

　　Compared with the competitors of the same level, the body size of the D90 Pro does not fall in the wind, and the wheelbase length is obviously superior to that of the competitors of the same level. As a car with off-road capability as its selling point, the passability is a very important indicator. The minimum ground clearance of D90 Pro is 210mm, and the maximum wading depth is 800 mm. The low point of the chassis uses a waterproof one-way valve, and the approach angle is 28, and the departure angle is 25, so it will not easily rub when facing complex road conditions.

● Interior materials are graded.

　　The design style of the interior is quite fashionable. When you only look at the interior, it is hard to imagine that this is a medium-sized off-road vehicle. The silver decorative strips in the details, the large-area suede material coverage and the 12.3-inch central control screen all show you: "Although I am big, I can be exquisite."

　　The 12.3-inch central control screen is not so big in the current trend of big screen popularity. It feels just right on this car, and the clarity of the screen and the fluency of the system response are good. SAIC Ali Zebra Zhixing system can be said to be an "old friend" of everyone. Now this system has been upgraded to version 3.0, with more and more functions, including voice control, music, navigation, remote control of vehicles and other functions. The original car is also equipped with a high-tech navigation map.

　　The seat configuration of this test drive model is quite high. With the help of Spider Smart Choice, the rich seat functions are no longer exclusive to the top model. Users can customize their favorite configurations according to actual needs, and the diversified seat layout forms also give consumers more choices.

● Summary

　　In fact, there is not much to describe about the static part. The exterior design and interior design are two separate things, and it is most important for users who really want to buy a car to look pleasing to the eye. The spider intelligent selection function launched by SAIC MAXUS has raised the user’s independent choice to a new height. This intelligent customization service provides nearly 100 choices including powertrain, seat form, appearance kit, interior material and configuration equipment, and can directly place orders with the factory, and can also track the manufacturing status of the vehicles it has ordered in real time. With this feature, you will avoid a lot of time entangled in the configuration table.

● Power system

　　The 2.0T diesel engine mounted on the D90 Pro is named SAIC π (meeting the national VI b emission standard). This engine adopts two-stage supercharger, which can exert the maximum value of turbocharging under different load intensities, and has obvious effect on improving the low-speed torque of the engine. In addition, the friction work of the piston at medium and low speed is reduced by staggering the crankshaft centerline and the cylinder bore centerline, which is beneficial to improving fuel economy and reducing noise.

　　The so-called all-terrain intelligent timely four-wheel drive system is actually several torque output forms calibrated by manufacturers according to different road conditions and the conclusion of road test. If you are a "super hard core" cross-country player, you can also choose to install the part-time 4wd system. In terms of gearbox setting, this gearbox will not shift up automatically in manual mode, so as to ensure stronger torque output in low-speed gear and cope with more complicated off-road conditions.

● Simple off-road experience

　　The D90 Pro has smooth power and sensitive throttle adjustment. Although the size of the whole vehicle is not small, it doesn’t feel heavy when driving, and there will be no hesitation even when completing cross-country projects. During the test drive, for safety reasons, parking on the slope is not allowed at the site, so there is no difficulty in completing the climbing project (about 40 slope).

　　The overall texture of the chassis is relatively compact, the support effect of the suspension is good, it is somewhat tenacious, and the handling of bumps on the road surface is relatively simple. When walking on the continuous undulating road surface, the rear suspension has no obvious redundant ricochet, and there will be no feeling like sailing. The steering system in the form of electronic power is exchanged for a lighter steering feel, and driving in daily urban traffic environment will not feel tired.

　　During the cross-axle project, according to the coach’s arrangement, the rear differential lock was locked. Faced with such a challenge, I passed easily. In the subsequent experience, I didn’t lock the rear differential lock, but the vehicle could pass smoothly.

　　The suspension stroke of the D90 Pro is relatively long, and the ground clearance is enough, so it is more calm when facing the shell pit, and the phenomenon of bottoming will not easily occur. The wheel-to-wheel slip restriction effect is excellent, the response is rapid, and it is easier to pass.

More exciting videos are all on the car home video platform.

　　Two "opponents" were also found at the scene, and I experienced Haval H9. The overall feeling of Haval H9 is more "tight". From the chassis texture to the steering feel to the feeling of the accelerator pedal, H9 is more "hard", but the low-torque dynamic performance is better than D90 Pro. Like an athlete on the basketball court, H9 is like a center, heavy and slow, but as long as the action is in place, it must be an effective action; The D90 Pro is more like a power forward, with more agile performance and richer actions and means of "scoring". The setting of each project in the off-road test drive venue is relatively simple, and both cars can pass easily, so it is impossible to tell the absolute advantages and disadvantages in this competition.

● Summary

　　SAIC MAXUS D90 Pro is a car with high attention, which can be seen from the fiery degree of car home Forum. Through the spider intelligent selection function, users can have a high degree of "autonomy", which is undoubtedly a good thing. A short field test drive can’t have a deep driving experience for this car, but as far as the test items in the field are concerned, no one can stand the D90 Pro hard, which can also prove that the off-road ability of the D90 Pro is really good. Next week, we will welcome the D90 Pro test car. At that time, we will pull it to a professional off-road field in car home for the AH-100 off-road test, and then we will see how its "real strength" is. (Text/map/photo by car home Fu Bo)

● Extended reading

　　Continue to promote the construction of Xingfu River and Lake, and let the people share ecological welfare.

　　Reporter Hu Hailin reported that a few days ago, Zhang Guoqing, secretary of the provincial party committee, director of the Standing Committee of the Provincial People’s Congress, and chief river officer of the province, Li Lecheng, deputy secretary of the provincial party committee, governor and chief river officer of the province, and the chief river officers of various cities signed the "Task Book for Making Rivers and Lakes Long" (hereinafter referred to as the "Task Book"), demanding that the responsibilities be compacted and implemented, effectively promoting the chiefs of rivers and lakes at all levels to perform their duties, and promoting the construction of happy rivers and lakes in the province.

　　The "Task Book" defines the objectives and tasks of water resources protection, requires that the total water consumption and water efficiency control targets of each city meet the annual assessment standards, and decomposes and implements the relevant control targets during the "14 th Five-Year Plan" period to each county (city, district); Strict management and supervision of water functional areas to ensure that the water quality compliance rate of important water functional areas in China is above the annual control target.

　　In strengthening the management and protection of water shoreline, it is necessary to carry out the investigation and rectification of outstanding problems that hinder river flood discharge, and promote the normalization and standardization of the work of "cleaning up the four chaos"; Strengthen the management of river sand mining and implement the responsibility system of river sand mining management; Strengthen the comprehensive utilization management of river dredging sand, carry out special rectification of illegal sand mining in rivers, and promote the establishment of a long-term mechanism for sand mining management in rivers; Review and improve the demarcation results of river and lake management scope, and strengthen the control of shoreline zoning; Strengthen reservoir reinforcement and operational management and protection, and form a long-term mechanism for operational management and protection; Promote the construction of annual flood control and upgrading projects.

　　Around the prevention and control of water pollution, it is necessary to strengthen the supervision of sewage outlets into the river and promote the "one-bite, one-policy" rectification and standardization pilot of sewage outlets into the river; Carry out sewage treatment in industrial parks, promote urban sewage treatment to improve quality and efficiency, prevent and control livestock and poultry breeding pollution, and control aquaculture pollution; Implement the system of receiving, transshipment and disposal of pollutants from ships (except fishing ships) in river waters. Around the water environment management, it is required that the proportion of excellent river water quality (reaching or better than Class III) in the assessment section of rivers and lakes and surface water reaches the annual assessment target, and the water quality of groundwater points does not deteriorate and remains stable as a whole; Consolidate and improve the level of drinking water safety and the achievements of black and odorous water treatment in the built-up areas of prefecture-level cities; Strengthen the comprehensive improvement of rural water environment, and complete the preparatory work for the short-board project of rural domestic waste disposal facilities in accordance with the planning requirements by county.

　　In the aspect of strengthening water ecological restoration, it is required to promote ecological enclosure of river beaches, consolidate the achievements of ecological enclosure of returning farmland (forest) to rivers in key rivers, implement enclosure subsidy funds, and crack down on rehabilitation, indiscriminate reclamation, indiscriminate planting and grazing; Carry out health assessment of key rivers (lakes) within the jurisdiction, promote the construction of health records of rivers and lakes, and continuously promote the construction and high-quality development of water conservancy scenic spots; With the goal of improving the soil and water conservation rate, we will scientifically promote the comprehensive, systematic and precise management of soil and water loss, and complete the annual management objectives and tasks.

　　In strengthening law enforcement supervision, it is required to further promote the cooperation mechanism of "river chief+sheriff" and "river chief+procurator-general" and strengthen the connection between public interest litigation and execution; Severely crack down on illegal sand mining, illegal fishing of aquatic products and water pollution in rivers and lakes, and continue to carry out in-depth crackdown on black and evil crimes in natural resources such as "sand tyrants" and "mine tyrants"; Continue to improve and apply the management information system of long rivers and lakes; Strictly implement the assessment system for rivers and lakes, establish a "four-in-one" assessment mechanism for the government, departments, rivers and rivers, and conduct accountability and rewards according to regulations.

　　Our province requires that river chiefs at all levels should give full play to the role of "leading geese", compact their work responsibilities, benchmark key tasks and work requirements, strictly supervise and assess, comprehensively improve the management and protection level of rivers and lakes in our province, and strive to create a water ecological environment with "smooth rivers, clear waters, green shores and beautiful scenery", and continue to promote the construction of happy rivers and lakes so that people along the river can share ecological benefits.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                             

CCTV News:According to the client news of Beijing Youth Daily, in order to actively prevent and control respiratory infectious diseases in autumn and winter, Beijing has issued social prevention and control measures for respiratory infectious diseases such as mycoplasma pneumonia in autumn and winter, giving specific prevention and control suggestions from schools, students, parents, pension institutions and medical institutions.

First, school prevention and control measures

1. The school strictly implements the system of morning and afternoon inspection, registration and reporting of absence due to illness. When students are found to have fever, cough and other symptoms, they should wear masks for students and contact their parents in time, ask for medical treatment in time, rest at home after diagnosis, and actively treat them to avoid participating in group activities and entering public places. Teachers and students infected with influenza, COVID-19 and mycoplasma pneumoniae are not allowed to go to work and go to school with illness.

2. Maintain air circulation in classrooms, dormitories, canteens and other public places, strengthen daily window ventilation, and maintain indoor air circulation.

3. Do a good job in environmental sanitation, carry out daily disinfection, set up adequate hand washing facilities and sanitary products such as hand sanitizer or soap, and actively guide students to increase the frequency of hand washing after recess activities.

4. Classes with suspected or clinically diagnosed respiratory infectious diseases should strengthen measures such as symptom monitoring, case management, disinfection and ventilation.

5. Schools with concentrated fever epidemics advocate that students in the class where the case is located wear masks during the epidemic.

6. The school should do a good job in health education for teachers, students and parents on the prevention and control of infectious diseases in autumn and winter. Considering that influenza, COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases may appear after entering winter, the content of health education should focus on the common prevention of multiple diseases.

7. The school reduced the organization of collective activities this winter.

Second, students’ countermeasures

1. Students should report to teachers and parents immediately when they feel unwell, so as to avoid attending classes with illness.

2. Maintain good personal hygiene habits, cover your nose and mouth when coughing or sneezing, pay attention to hand hygiene, and try to avoid touching your mouth, eyes and nose with unclean hands.

3. Balanced diet, regular work and rest, moderate exercise, and enhance physical fitness and immunity. Add clothes in time for outdoor activities to avoid increasing the chance of infection due to catching cold.

4. In the high-incidence season, activities in crowded places should be minimized to avoid contact with patients with respiratory infections, and masks should be worn when entering crowded places.

5. Reduce going out when you have respiratory symptoms, and wear a mask when you go out.

Third, parents’ response measures

1. Pay attention to the child’s mental state and health status. If the child is unwell such as fever and cough, he should seek medical treatment in time, rest at home and not go to school with illness.

2. Keep the living room clean and well ventilated, 2-3 times a day for at least 30 minutes each time, and keep the indoor air circulating.

3. Parents help their children to have a balanced diet, drink plenty of water, work and rest regularly, exercise moderately, and help and drive their children to develop good hygiene and living habits.

4. After the child has respiratory symptoms, pay attention to the changes of the condition. If the child has persistent fever, severe cough and repeated illness, he should seek medical advice in time. When family members take care of patients and accompany them to see a doctor, they should also wear masks and protect themselves. After the child is diagnosed, he should be treated according to the doctor’s advice, rest at home and avoid repeated visits.

Fourth, the prevention and control measures of hospital institutions

1. Medical institutions should pay attention to the prevention and control of nosocomial infection while increasing the ability of diagnosis and treatment services, so as to avoid nosocomial infection of respiratory infectious diseases caused by patients gathering in autumn and winter.

2. By optimizing and strictly implementing the treatment process, cross-infection among general outpatient, emergency patient and fever outpatient can be eliminated.

3. Strengthen the ventilation of public areas such as outpatient and emergency departments and wards, and equip them with disinfection and protective articles.

4. Arrange medical personnel with professional ability and experience to strictly implement the pre-inspection and triage system.

5. Carry out time-sharing appointments, control the density of medical personnel in public areas such as outpatient clinics, and guide medical personnel and accompanying personnel to wear masks.

6. For patients with stable condition, adopt graded diagnosis and treatment measures or actively guide them to complete follow-up treatment in community hospitals to ease the pressure of medical institutions. Doctors should do a good job in health science, inform parents of the clinical characteristics, treatment points and protection requirements of respiratory infectious diseases in autumn and winter, avoid anxiety of parents and children, and increase the pressure of medical institutions.

V. Prevention and control measures for old-age care institutions

1. Strengthen environmental sanitation management and renovation, and comprehensively and thoroughly clean key areas such as living quarters, activity areas, canteens and toilets. The rooms, canteens and other places where people are concentrated should be disinfected irregularly, and the windows should be opened frequently to keep the air circulation in the places, so as to ensure that the indoor "microclimate" meets the hygiene requirements and prevent the occurrence of respiratory infectious diseases.

2. Give special lectures on infectious disease prevention and control knowledge to the elderly and staff, and consider that influenza, COVID-19 and other respiratory infectious diseases may appear after winter, and the content of health education should pay attention to multi-disease prevention. Enhance the awareness of health and disease prevention of the elderly and staff, and develop good personal hygiene habits.

3. Strictly implement the registration management system of suspected cases or clinically diagnosed cases. When the elderly are found to have symptoms such as fever and cough, they should seek medical treatment in time to avoid participating in group activities and entering public places.

4. Promote a good lifestyle, provide the elderly with an adequate and balanced nutritious diet, a quiet sleeping environment and suitable entertainment and exercise facilities to help them improve their resistance.

5. Protect vulnerable groups. Carry out targeted preventive measures in the hospital to improve immunity. Actively organize the elderly to be vaccinated with COVID-19, influenza, pneumococcus and other vaccines to prevent related respiratory infectious diseases.

6. Advocate to vaccinate the staff against COVID-19, influenza, pneumococcus and other vaccines, so as to further reduce the risk of respiratory infectious diseases among the elderly in the old-age care institutions.

Original title: Analysis of the development trend of furniture industry in China: the estimated growth rate in the next few years is 15%.

At present, the furniture industry in China has entered a relatively stable growth period, and the growth rate is expected to remain at around 15% in the next few years. The industry is shifting from export to domestic sales; Low-end demand is still huge, but high-end and personalized demand has begun to rise; Some sub-industries tend to be concentrated. We believe that companies with sinking channels and high brand awareness will have advantages in the future. In addition, the growth rate of custom furniture companies will be faster.

　 The growth rate of furniture industry is becoming more and more stable, and furniture enterprises are transforming the domestic market.

　 The extensive export-oriented growth has left, and furniture manufacturers have increased the domestic market.

　 In 2003, the national real estate investment exceeded 1 trillion yuan for the first time, so the furniture industry ushered in the best era. However, the high-speed growth of China’s furniture industry came to an end after the global financial crisis in 2008. Affected by factors such as reduced export demand, rising raw material prices, appreciation of RMB, and decline in export tax rebate rate, furniture enterprises were hit, and the furniture industry entered a more gentle and stable growth period. In 2009, the export delivery value of furniture manufacturing industry decreased by 6.98% year-on-year, which had a great impact on the industry. Many furniture enterprises began to implement the dual-track system of export and domestic sales, and gradually increased the domestic market.

　 Compared with the growth rate of more than 25% in almost every year from 2003 to 2007, the growth rate of output in the last three years is more stable, with CAGR of 17.8%. According to Zhu Changling, chairman of the Furniture Association, in 2012, the total output value of China’s furniture industry reached 1.13 trillion, making it the largest country in furniture production and consumption in the world. According to the revised data of the National Bureau of Statistics, from 2011 to 2013, the total sales of furniture manufacturing companies above designated size in China were 496.68 billion, 565.42 billion and 646.28 billion respectively, with year-on-year growth rates of 25.71%, 13.84% and 14.30% respectively. The CAGR for three years was 17.8%, and the total profit was 299.

　 The low growth rate of exports and the high growth rate of domestic sales offset each other, and the scale of the industry entered a period of gentle growth. In 2013, real estate sales picked up, and the growth rate of sales area in that year reached 17.3%, much higher than in previous years. Even so, the growth rate of furniture sales has not been significantly improved, mainly because of exports. In 2013, the growth rate of exports was only 6.94%, which lowered the total growth rate, while the growth rate of domestic sales was 16.77%. In the first half of 2014, the sales growth rate of furniture industry was 12.87% and the profit growth rate was 17.32%. According to the growth rate of 12.87%, the furniture sales volume in 2014 is estimated to be 729.5 billion, which is slightly lower than that in 2013. We believe that China’s furniture manufacturing industry has entered a stage of steady growth, and the growth rate will be maintained at around 15%, and there will be no large fluctuations in the total amount in the short term.

　 From the perspective of the proportion of import and export, China’s furniture industry is less and less dependent on exports, and the proportion of domestic sales is increasing. Since 2008, the export volume of China’s furniture manufacturing industry has declined every year. In 2013, the proportion reached a low of 23.49%, which was more than 13 percentage points lower than the proportion of 37% in 2008. In the first half of 2014, China’s furniture export delivery value was 78.35 billion yuan, accounting for 23.87%. According to previous years’ experience, the proportion of export delivery value in the first half of 2014 was generally higher than that in the second half. Therefore, we predict that the proportion of exports in 2014 will be around 22.37%, which is 1.12 percentage points lower than that of 23.49% in 2013.

　 Wooden furniture takes the lead, accounting for over 60%.

　 According to the Classification and Code of National Economic Industries issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, China’s furniture manufacturing industry can be divided into five categories according to varieties, namely, wooden furniture manufacturing, bamboo and rattan furniture manufacturing, metal furniture manufacturing, plastic furniture manufacturing and other furniture manufacturing. Furniture owners in China mainly rely on wooden furniture, accounting for more than 60%.

　 The marketing model is mainly based on distribution and joining, supplemented by direct sales.

　 China’s furniture manufacturing enterprises export mainly in ODM/OEM mode. The domestic sales model is mainly based on distribution and joining, and the proportion of direct stores is small. Even some large enterprises are far behind foreign countries in the construction of direct stores. Among the four China furniture companies we counted, Yazhen, a high-end furniture manufacturer, has the highest proportion of direct stores, accounting for 17.5%, which is still lower than the three American companies.

　 The increase in income promotes the transformation of demand to a high level, and high-end furniture manufacturers welcome the opportunity.

　 Income, real estate and export are the main reasons for demand, and urbanization promotes the steady growth of the industry.

　 Based on the data from the third quarter of 2011 to the first quarter of 2014, through regression analysis, we found that the sales area of commercial housing, urbanization rate, per capita disposable income of urban population and export volume all have significant positive effects on furniture sales, and the per capita income of rural residents has almost no impact on furniture sales. Among them, the growth of urban residents’ total disposable income has the greatest impact on furniture income in the past three years, which has led to a total increase of 19.6%, the growth of furniture exports has led to a total increase of 17%, and the growth of real estate sales area has led to a total increase of 10%.

　 Urbanization and per capita income are improving, which is the biggest driving force for future demand growth.

　 Since 2011, China’s urbanization rate has increased by more than 1% every year, reaching 53.73% in 2013. According to the goal of "National New Urbanization Plan (2014-2020)" issued by the State Council in early 2014, China’s population urbanization rate will reach 60% in 2020. In addition, the Plan also calls for the promotion of basic public services such as compulsory education, employment services and affordable housing, so as to solve the problems that it is difficult for agricultural migrants to integrate into urban society and the quality of urbanization is low. If these requirements are implemented, the quality of urbanization will be improved, and the consumption power of new urban population will be improved, which is conducive to furniture consumption demand.

　 The per capita disposable income of urban residents in China is increasing at a rate of about 10% per year. In 2013, the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China reached 26,955 yuan. From the historical experience of the furniture industry in developed countries, furniture consumption will rise sharply and last for a long time after the per capita income reaches 3,000 US dollars, while the per capita disposable income of urban residents in China exceeded 3,000 US dollars in 2011, so we think that this period will be a time when urban residents pay more attention to furniture consumption, and in this respect, the furniture demand in the domestic market will be improved.

　 Real estate is mixed, and second-and third-tier cities are better than first-tier cities.

　 In 2013, China’s real estate sales area reached 1,305.51 million square meters, an increase of 17.3% compared with 2012, much higher than the previous two years. Correspondingly, the growth rate of furniture sales in 2013 also increased to 14.3%. In the first half of 2014, although the sales area of real estate fell again, the sales area of 40 major cities decreased by 6% compared with the same period in 2013, but if the effect of large base in 2013 was removed, the sales area in the first half of 2014 still increased by 21% compared with the same period in 2012. Among them, the sales area of first-tier cities performed poorly, increasing by 8% compared with the same period in 2012, while the second-and third-tier cities performed well, increasing by 18% and 28% respectively compared with the same period in 2012. At present, the purchase restriction policies in second-and third-tier cities have begun to relax, while those in first-tier cities have not. We believe that the relative prosperity of real estate in second-and third-tier cities will make the demand for furniture in second-and third-tier cities grow faster, and the sales of furniture enterprises whose target markets are second-and third-tier cities will also grow faster.

　 The slowdown in export growth does not hinder the overall demand growth.

　 In the past three years, the annual growth rate of China’s furniture exports is very small, CAGR is 7.27%, and the proportion of exports to total sales is decreasing year by year, 26.82%, 25.11% and 23.49% respectively. The main exporting country of China’s furniture is the United States. At the same time, the current furniture imports of the United States mainly come from China, and the amount of furniture imported from China accounts for 56.4% of its total furniture imports and 21% of its total furniture consumption. In the long run, the export competitiveness of China furniture enterprises has weakened due to the increase of wages, electricity charges and other raw material prices in China, the reduction of export tax rebates and anti-dumping duties. From 2009 to 2011, the furniture import situation in the United States was not optimistic. Among its furniture suppliers, the furniture supply increased fastest in Vietnam, with an average increase of 15.3%, followed by Mexico and Taiwan, China, and Chinese mainland ranked fourth, with an increase of 9.9%. It can be seen that the share of China furniture in the US import market is slowly decreasing.

　 Although the export growth rate is slow, the strong domestic demand supports the steady growth of total demand. According to the quarterly data, we get the formula of the relationship between the annual sales of furniture and real estate, urban income and export volume. We estimate that the sales area of commercial housing in 2014 will be 1,240.23 million square meters, the total disposable income of urban residents will be 22,718.8 billion yuan, and the export volume will be 160.3 billion yuan. Therefore, the furniture sales in 2014 will be 724.73 billion yuan, an increase of 12.14% compared with 2013, which is consistent with the year-on-year growth rate of sales in the first half of the year.

　 The demand of domestic furniture industry is polarized, which will be "dumbbell-shaped"

　 With the growth rate of disposable income of urban households and exports relatively stable, the scale of furniture industry is closely related to real estate. We predict the population distribution in 2030 according to the mortality rate and birth rate, and point out that the number of people aged 20-44 (the main buyers) has reached its peak, and the proportion will drop from 33% in 2010 to 24%, and the proportion of people aged 25-35 (the main buyers of the first suite) will also drop from 15% to 9.

　 From this point of view, it is difficult for the total demand of the whole furniture industry to increase continuously in the next fifteen years. Enterprises need to seize the changes in demand types and levels, find new ways to improve profits, and pay attention to potential sub-sectors is king.

　 Domestic furniture demand will change from "pyramid" to "dumbbell"

　 Due to the low per capita consumption level of furniture and the long-term dependence of furniture manufacturing enterprises on exporting a single variety of furniture, the overall grade of China’s furniture industry is low, showing a pyramid shape. About 80% of furniture enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises, producing and selling low-grade furniture. However, this phenomenon is changing. On the one hand, with the increase in the number of high-yield people in cities, the demand for furniture in star-rated hotels and the upgrading of consumption concepts, the demand for high-grade furniture and personalized furniture has gradually increased. On the other hand, the development of urbanization leads some low-yield rural population to enter cities, which brings a new round of low-end demand to the furniture industry.

　 The increase of star-rated hotels and the mass affluent class brings opportunities for the high-end furniture industry.

　 Star-rated hotels continue to grow, and the demand for replacement furniture is about to peak. Star hotels are a major source of consumption demand for high-end furniture. The number of five-star hotels in China increased from 302 in 2006 to 739 in 2013, and the CAGR was 12.85%. The number of four-star hotels increased from 1,369 in 2006 to 2,361 in 2013, with a CAGR of 9.46%. We divide the demand of star hotels for furniture into:

　 1) New furniture demand. Since 2006, five-star hotels and four-star hotels in China have added 19,300 sets of rooms annually, and 27,800 sets of rooms annually. We estimate that each set of furniture in five-star hotels costs 100,000 yuan and each set of furniture in four-star hotels costs 60,000 yuan, so the average annual demand for new furniture in these hotels is 3.6 billion yuan.

　 In July, 2014, Premier Li Keqiang presided over the the State Council executive meeting, determined the policies and measures to promote the reform and development of tourism, and proposed to strengthen the driving force of tourism development, increase investment in infrastructure, and vigorously develop the elderly, folk customs and health tourism. Therefore, we expect that the construction of star-rated hotels will continue.

　 2) Replace the furniture demand. Generally, four-star and five-star hotels are required to change furniture once every five years. According to this frequency, we predict that China is about to usher in a wave of demand for furniture replacement. In 2013, the demand for furniture replacement in star hotels in China will be about 5.2 billion, and in 2017, we expect that the demand for furniture replacement in star hotels in China will be nearly 13 billion.

　 The increase in the number of wealthy people in China provides a foundation for the development of high-end furniture. The number of affluent people in China was 11.97 million in 2013, and it is expected to reach 14.01 million in 2014, up 17.04% year-on-year, with a rapid growth rate. Among them, most people are in the age of the main group of buyers, accounting for 53.6% of the people under 40, and over 80% under 50. In addition, their children are younger, accounting for 34.2%, 32.5% and 24.4% under 10 years old, 10-20 years old and 20-30 years old respectively. This age structure that the number of people decreases with age makes the demand for wedding furniture increase year by year.

　 The change of consumption concept and finely decorated houses jointly promote the scale growth of customized furniture industry.

　 Custom-made furniture is tailor-made, personalized design, and large-scale and standardized production of furniture. Although custom-made furniture has entered the domestic market for more than ten years, it still belongs to a new industry, accounting for about 10% of the total furniture market share, with great development potential. Custom-made furniture well meets the difference between the use space of furniture and the individual needs of users. With the younger age structure of furniture consumers, individual needs have become the first appeal of decoration, which also brings opportunities to custom-made furniture manufacturers.

　 According to the White Paper on the Development and Consumption of Customized Household Industry in China in 2013 issued by the Solid Wood Customization Committee of the Furniture and Decoration Industry Chamber of the All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, at present, among about 100 million urban households in China, the ownership rate of the whole kitchen, cloakroom and private wine cellar is only 6.8%, far below the average level of 35% in developed countries in Europe and America. In addition, about 29% of urban households said that they would buy and install the whole home in the next three to five years. In the next five years, the total demand or intentional purchase of customized homes in China will be about 29 million sets, with an average of 5.8 million sets per year.

　 Hardcover brings opportunities for overall custom furniture. The proportion of hardcover houses in China is relatively low, and the average proportion of fine decoration in China is less than 10%. In 2011, the proportion of hardcover houses in Beijing and Shanghai was around 21%, and that in Guangzhou was 32.9%, far below 80% in developed countries, which has broad room for improvement. From 1966 to 1975, Japan experienced the golden period of residential fine decoration and industrialization, which was driven by three main factors: 1) the post-war generation had higher requirements for urban housing conditions and decoration; 2) The rising labor cost of decoration makes batch decoration the only way; 3) Policy promotion. These three driving factors are consistent with China’s current situation. The rising income of urban residents has higher and higher requirements for housing, the increase in labor costs and the encouragement of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development for finely decorated housing will drive the development of finely decorated housing in China. In 2012, among the projects of major real estate developers in China, the proportion of fine decoration projects exceeded 50%.

　 The increase in finely decorated houses means an increase in the demand for overall customized furniture. At the same time, selling furniture directly to large customers such as real estate developers saves the marketing management expenses of enterprises. We expect this to become a big profit growth point for customized furniture manufacturing enterprises.

　 The demand for low-end furniture is still the cornerstone of China’s furniture market.

　 The huge scale of the low-end market is the present situation of China’s furniture industry. Affected by urbanization, a large number of rural people with low consumption capacity will enter cities, which will provide impetus for new low-end demand.

　 The industry pattern is loose and there are many opportunities for leading enterprises.

　 Judging from the trend and external conditions, the furniture manufacturing industry has gone through a period of rapid growth and started to enter a period of steady growth. Therefore, furniture manufacturing enterprises will face more intense competition, and the profit growth needs to be realized by expanding market share and brand strategy.

　 The overall industry concentration is low, and the integration will be carried out from mattresses and customized furniture.

　 Multi-level demand structure and large low-end demand are the two main reasons for the low concentration of China’s industries. Furniture manufacturing industry has the characteristics of low entry threshold and diverse choices of consumers, so the concentration of furniture industry in all countries is low. Yihua Wood, the largest furniture manufacturer in China, accounts for less than 1% of the market, and the market share of the top 10 enterprises is less than 3%. As the second largest furniture producer in the world, the United States is also the same. The share of the top 50 furniture manufacturers in the United States is only about 40%, and the concentration is slightly higher than that in China. There are two main reasons why the concentration of furniture manufacturing industry in China is lower than that in the United States. The first reason is that the uneven development of urban and rural areas and the eastern, central and western regions in China has formed a multi-level demand structure, and the products of a single enterprise are difficult to meet different levels of consumer demand, and most enterprises only focus on a certain level of consumption.

　 Secondly, there is a huge demand for low-end furniture, poor consumer brand awareness and lack of industry standards, which directly leads to a large number of small and medium-sized furniture manufacturers targeting low-end consumers in China. According to statistics, 80% of furniture manufacturing enterprises in China are small and medium-sized enterprises. On the one hand, the gross profit margin of these furniture enterprises is low (about 15%), and they don’t have enough expense space to achieve large-scale national expansion. On the other hand, their capital strength is limited, and it is difficult for the whole industry to have large-scale mergers and acquisitions.

　 Although the phenomenon of low concentration in the whole furniture industry is difficult to change for a while, the concentration in some sub-sectors is expected to be improved in the future, such as mattress industry and customized furniture industry. The mattress industry has concentrated space and motivation. The top 10 mattress manufacturers in the United States are expected to expand rapidly, accounting for more than 75% of the market share, while the top eight mattress brands in China only account for 11.16%, and the leading mattress enterprise Xilinmen only accounts for 3.98%. The main reason is that the history of China’s mattress industry is short, the functional characteristics are not generally recognized, and the market share is still homogenized.

　 Product possession. With the improvement of residents’ consumption level and people paying more and more attention to sleep quality, we believe that enterprises with technological advantages and independent brand advantages will gain greater market share, and small enterprises that focus on manufacturing and light quality will be eliminated because of increasingly fierce industry competition.

　 Sophia and Haolaike, two leading enterprises of custom furniture, are growing rapidly.

　 At present, the concentration of customized furniture industry in China is not high, and the market share of the top five companies is around 12%, which has room for improvement. The reasons for the concentration trend of custom-made furniture industry are as follows: First, the production of custom-made furniture stems from consumers’ requirements for personalization and craftsmanship at the same time, and the main consumers in the future tend to be middle and high-end consumers, who pay more attention to quality and brand, so the living environment of small and medium-sized enterprises is difficult. Second, although the entry threshold of custom-made furniture industry is low, there are many barriers to make it bigger, which require the gradual accumulation of flexible manufacturing mode, information system construction and service capacity construction, so it is easy for large enterprises to consolidate their market share.

　 The industry leader Sophia’s revenue has been growing at a high speed in the past six years, with CAGR of 50.55%. In 2013, the revenue was 8.85 times that of 2008, and the company’s market share was 7% in 2011, more than doubling from 3.3% in 2006. Guangzhou Haolaike, the second largest company, has a CAGR of 30% in the past two years, which has grown rapidly and is higher than the market average. We expect that the scale and market share of leading customized furniture enterprises will increase rapidly.

　 The business strategy of enterprises should be paid attention to when exporting to domestic market.

　 Since the financial crisis, the export proportion of China’s furniture manufacturing industry has been declining every year. The unstable foreign economic environment and the growing domestic demand have made many enterprises begin to transform and aim at the domestic market. The most obvious manifestation of this phenomenon is the enterprises with a relatively large proportion of exports before, such as Yihua Wood and Meike Home. Yihua Wood’s export revenue accounted for 98.19% in 2008, and fell to 84.98% in 2013. The company continuously promoted the domestic marketing model of "experience hall+specialty store" and established a WeChat marketing platform with Tencent, aiming at vigorously deploying domestic furniture sales. Meike Home’s export revenue accounted for 61.54% in 2008, and decreased to 39.89% in 2013.

　 The operating expenses of large enterprises perform well, which is conducive to the development of brand strategy.

　 Compared with similar furniture companies in the United States, large furniture manufacturing companies in China have performed well in operating expenses. The average sales and management expenses of similar furniture companies in the United States account for more than 80% of the gross profit, while China only accounts for 57%. It can be seen that China’s furniture manufacturing enterprises still have a lot of room for independent changes in sales management expenses, which is conducive to the development of enterprise strategy.

　 China’s furniture industry is still in the growth stage, with low brand recognition, and there is still room for improvement in the future. At present, the good performance of operating expenses makes the company have enough space to enhance its brand competitiveness in the industry while maintaining profitability, such as expanding sales channels, improving research and development capabilities and expanding advertising.

　 Gross profit margin has an upward trend.

　 Compared with batch export, the gross profit margin of domestic sales is higher. The average comprehensive gross profit margin of the nine furniture manufacturing enterprises that have been listed and are going to be listed is about 39%, the average export gross profit margin is 22.43%, and the average domestic gross profit margin is 40.67%. Among them, Zhejiang Yongyi’s main business is seat production and sales, which is quite different from other furniture companies’ products, so the gross profit margin is significantly lower; Sophia’s main product, customized furniture, cannot be exported, and its export products are basically furniture parts and floors with lower gross profit margin, so the gross profit margin of export is far lower than that of its domestic business.

　 The average gross profit margin of similar furniture manufacturing listed companies in the United States is 40%, which is similar to that in China. However, among the furniture manufacturing companies in the United States, the gross profit margin of some companies is obviously low, because they include transportation expenses in their operating costs. If the transportation expenses are added back to the gross profit according to the average transportation expenses of 7.5% in the United States, the average gross profit margin of similar furniture companies in the United States will be 45%, slightly higher than that in China.

　 In recent years, the gross profit margin of large furniture manufacturing companies in China has basically increased, and we think this trend will continue in the future for two main reasons:

　 1. Continuous optimization of business structure. The company gradually increases the proportion of businesses with higher gross profit margin (such as retail business and domestic sales business) and reduces the proportion of businesses with low gross profit margin. For example, Meike Home has increased the proportion of its retail business with higher gross profit margin from 36% in 2006 to 59% in 2013.

　 Therefore, the comprehensive gross profit margin has also increased from 30% to 52%. The comprehensive gross profit margin of Yihua Wood also increased with the continuous increase of the proportion of domestic sales. We believe that the business trend of furniture manufacturing companies in the future will be to combine production and marketing, to domestic sales and retail sales, so the gross profit margin will be further improved.

　 2. The cost of advertising is increasing. Advertising is the key to enhancing brand recognition, and enhancing brand recognition is the key to improving gross profit margin. The average advertising cost in China accounts for only 7.71% of gross profit, which is far lower than the level of 15.8% in the United States, and there is room for improvement. In recent years, the advertising expenses of three furniture listed companies except Yihua Wood Industry are on the rise. We believe that with the intensification of brand competition, the advertising expenses of the companies will continue to increase in the future. In addition, as Yihua Wood further expands its sales in the domestic furniture market, its advertising expenditure will certainly increase in the future. In addition to the above two reasons, if large furniture manufacturers can further strengthen the construction of direct stores,

　 Its gross profit margin will also increase. Generally speaking, for furniture manufacturers, the gross profit margin of direct stores is higher than that of dealer stores. Take Sofia as an example. In 2010, the gross profit margin of direct stores was as high as 55%, while that of dealer stores was only 35%. Direct stores have the disadvantages of large initial investment, low short-term return and high management cost. But for companies with capital strength and long-term strategic vision, direct stores can not only bring higher gross profit margin, but also better implement the company’s business philosophy and feedback the user experience, which is beneficial to establishing brand effect and is a better choice.

　 Optimistic about the expansion speed of channel sinking enterprises

　 The sinking of channels is conducive to the expansion of sales scale.

　 From the perspective of regional structure, both East China and South China are the most developed areas in furniture industry, and their furniture income accounts for 64.7% of the total furniture income in China. The regional differences in export delivery value are more obvious. export delivery value in East and South China accounts for 90% of the total exports, while export delivery value in Southwest China is almost zero because of its geographical location.

　 We compared the income of furniture industry in different regions in 2008, 2009 and recent years, and found that the proportion of furniture income in East China and South China is shifting to Central China and Southwest China, and its proportion has dropped from 72.4% in 2008 to 66% now. Combined with the fact that the growth rate of consumption level in different regions is similar, we believe that the reason for the above phenomenon is that the furniture consumption growth in the relatively backward central and western regions is higher than that in the more developed east. By comparing the income of furniture industry in Beijing, Shanghai and the four richest provinces, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong and other provinces and cities, we get similar results. The proportion of furniture income in the six richest provinces and cities has dropped from 67% in 2008 to 53% now. In view of the fact that the consumption growth level of different regions in China is very similar in recent years, we don’t expect this trend to change in the future, so the furniture consumption growth rate of regions with low consumption level will be higher than that of regions with high consumption level in the future.

　 Earlier, we explained the impact of real estate transactions on furniture demand. From the perspective of real estate transactions in first, second and third tier cities, the growth rate of real estate transactions in first-tier cities was basically lower than that in second and third tier cities in recent years. From 2011 to 2013, the average annual growth rate of first-tier cities was 6.4%, the growth rate of second-tier cities was 12.3%, and the growth rate of third-tier cities was 9.6%. Based on the above two points, we think that some companies that sink their sales channels will be more likely to expand their sales scale.

　 Discussion on four major trends

　 We have the following judgments on the future trend of the furniture industry: 1. The proportion of domestic sales will be further expanded, and furniture companies with domestic sales as the mainstay have greater opportunities to outperform the market. 2. The future profit growth rate of customized furniture companies will be higher than average. 3. Brand competition is the focus of future furniture company competition, and dominant brands are favored by investors. 4. Channel sinking is the marketing trend of large furniture companies.

　 1. The proportion of domestic sales will be further expanded, and furniture companies mainly engaged in domestic sales will have greater opportunities to outperform the market. The domestic sales growth rate of the whole furniture industry is obviously higher than the export growth rate, and the furniture companies also pay more attention to the domestic market. Judging from the market reaction, four listed companies in the furniture manufacturing industry have outperformed the Shanghai Composite Index since their listing, and Sophia and Xilinmen, which account for a large proportion of domestic sales, have a weak correlation with the Shanghai Composite Index; The stock price of Yihua Wood, which is mainly sold in domestic market, fluctuates in the same way as that of the Shanghai Composite Index. However, Meike Home, which has experienced the transition from export to domestic sales, was in line with the fluctuation of Shanghai Composite Index before the transition, and gradually outperformed the market after the transition. Therefore, we believe that the domestic furniture market has more potential than foreign countries, and the domestic sales of furniture manufacturing companies are the key to their stock price outperforming the market.

　 2. The future profit growth rate of customized furniture companies will be higher than average. The development of customized furniture in the future is driven by the following factors: 1) the upgrading of consumption concept and the demand for personalized home; 2) The increase of small and medium-sized housing in cities leads to people’s concern about space utilization; 3) The increase of finely decorated houses. From the historical trend, the net profit and share price of Sophia, the only customized furniture listed company, have risen rapidly.

　 3. Brand competition is the focus of future furniture company competition, and dominant brands are favored by investors. In China, most kinds of furniture belong to durable consumer goods. With the improvement of consumption power, people will pay more attention to quality when buying furniture, so brand competition will become the focus of future competition for enterprises. Judging from the market reaction, investors also pay more attention to the brand building of enterprises. Take Xilinmen as an example, the stock price of Xilinmen increased by as high as 83.7% from July 2013 to April 2014. During this period, the company carried out a number of projects conducive to brand building, such as holding a national new product order meeting, cooperating with Disney and Aiying Company, accepting Disney brand license and Doraemon brand authorization, and signing a cooperation agreement with Melaleuca Home Network.

　 4. Channel sinking is the marketing trend of large furniture companies. The overall demand for furniture consumption in China’s second-and third-tier cities is huge. If we count the cities with per capita consumption expenditure exceeding 20,000, we estimate that the furniture consumption in second-tier cities accounts for 53.2%, that in first-tier street furniture accounts for 31.2%, and that in third-tier street furniture accounts for 15.7%. If all the first, second and third tier cities are counted, the consumption of second-tier street furniture accounts for 44.8%, that of third-tier street furniture accounts for 37.8%, and that of first-tier street furniture accounts for 17.4%. In addition, the sales of real estate in second-and third-tier cities are better than those in first-tier cities, and the growth rate of consumption level in second-and third-tier cities is similar to that in first-tier cities, and the stimulation of furniture consumption brought by consumption growth is higher than that in first-tier cities, so we predict that the growth rate of furniture demand in second-and third-tier cities will be faster. At present, the sales networks of four furniture listed companies are all spread all over the country, and the trend of opening specialty stores in second, third and even fourth tier cities is also obvious. It has become the consensus of furniture manufacturing companies that the sinking of channels is conducive to expanding market share.

(Internship Editor: Jiang Dongni)