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If you want to find a person with ambition, desire and ability to create a utopia on this planet, elon musk, the Iron Man of Silicon Valley, is undoubtedly the first choice.

This technology madman has brought cutting-edge technology projects such as Tesla and SpaceX into reality, so he is extremely rich. Now his new battlefield is social network: the privatization proposal that the world’s richest man spent more than 40 billion US dollars to acquire Twitter has been approved by the company’s board of directors. Musk said in the acquisition announcement that freedom of speech is the foundation of democracy, and Twitter is a digital town square where people discuss issues that are crucial to the future of mankind. Twitter has great potential-I look forward to unlocking it with the company and the user community.

Aside from political and financial conspiracy theories, many blockchain practitioners believe that Musk’s privatization of Twitter may become a change.A utopian experiment to set things right and return to the right development path of centralization.

Taking this as a starting point, a more free and democratic Web3 version of the online speech platform (protocol) will be established. This is exactly what Jack Dorsey, the former CEO of Twitter, has been trying to promote but failed repeatedly-he only owns more than 2% of the shares and has no voting control.

In this fairy tale with a clear distinction between good and evil, Dorsey is a frustrated idealist, the board of directors of Twitter is undoubtedly the spokesman of greedy capitalists on Wall Street, and Musk is a white knight who saves people from fire and water. Even Dorsey himself publicly stated that "taking it back from Wall Street is the right first step. 」In another version of the story, an oligarch grabs the world’s largest speech tool, and the danger behind it is obvious.

Reality is far more complicated than story. But no matter what kind of narrative, the importance of Twitter to the next generation Internet (Web3) is self-evident: not only because it is the largest and most controversial speech square, but also because it has the decentralized gene since its inception.

"Just created my Twitter. On March 21st, 2006, at 11: 50am, Dorsey posted the first official tweet in their oversimplified office. At this time, there were many strange things around the early employees in the office: hackers, anti-government, caravan vagrants …

The main founders are also full of free and loose colors. evan williams created the new concept of Blogger (he contributed a lot to the popularity of Blog) and devoted himself to promoting computers so that anyone can have his own newspaper; Jack Dorsey was wearing a blue explosive head and a nose ring. He had previously proved his ability by invading a company’s system to get a job. Biz Stone, on the other hand, gave up millions of dollars in salary and stock at Google in exchange for a "freer" entrepreneurial life. He is also an extreme animal lover. He once made the biggest fire in his career in order to prevent his colleagues from killing rats.

As you can imagine, Twitter’s management in this atmosphere was chaotic and disorderly in the early days. After that, it did not usher in explosive growth, and another "new creature" Facebook was the darling of the Web2 era:

By January 2006, less than two years after Facebook was founded, its users had exceeded 6 million. Viacom, an American media giant, offered $750 million to buy Facebook, while Yahoo offered $900 million.

Twitter is stuck with a seemingly simple question: how to explain itself to people.

Everyone has a different answer: "It is a network lacking sociality. ""It replaced text messages. ""It’s a new email. ""It’s a micro blog. "It is used to update your status. 」

Even though several founders didn’t figure out how to answer this question, Dorsey and Evan still disagree. Dorsey thinks Twitter is a place to tell others "what I’m doing", while Evan thinks Twitter’s role should be a way to share news, not status: Twitter is an information transmission network, not a social network.

Until mid-June 2007, when the number of Twitter users had exceeded 1 million and the first acquisition intention was ushered in, the above problems were still unresolved. Investors and news media are trying to interpret Twitter in their eyes, and even Yahoo, the acquirer, is quite confused about this. In Brickhouse, Yahoo’s business incubator, after a series of greetings and introductions, Bradley Horowitz, the person in charge at that time, couldn’t help asking the young entrepreneurs on the other side of the desk: "So, it is a social network? 」

This time, Dorsey broke the silence. "I think Twitter is a public utility," he said. "It’s an Internet broadcasting system. Then, he began to describe his vision for Twitter and pointed out that its status is equivalent to electricity.

It is conceivable that Bradley looked puzzled when he heard these answers, especially the idea that social media companies are a public utility. After the meeting, Bradley said goodbye to the founders one by one and told Evan, "We’ll be in touch."

Yahoo didn’t pay for this set of rhetoric. Soon after, they expressed their willingness to pay $12 million for Twitter-far below the expectations of Dorsey and others-and told Twitter that Yahoo could easily master the technology needed to set up Twitter because it was only "a simple messaging service" and "a few engineers could complete it within a week. If Twitter is not sold, then Yahoo will plan to build and release a competitive product.

There is no doubt that the three founders of Twitter rejected Yahoo’s proposal. In their view, this ironic acquisition did not undermine the confidence of the company, but promoted the team spirit. At least at that moment, "Twitter is nothing" had a consistent answer:

It is not a "message service" that Web1 bosses can take in at will, and it is also far from the classic case of "social network" Facebook in the Web2 era-for example, the tendency of decentralization defines itself as an Internet broadcasting system, and everyone can speak; For example, the original intention of opening up, greatly opening up various API interfaces, developers can call the data on the platform at will (Fred Wilson, one of Twitter investors, even thinks this is a problem); Compared with its background of emphasizing freedom and publicity.

It can be said that the above genes of Twitter almost perfectly coincide with the core requirement of the Web3 era-giving users the right to control their own data. Unfortunately, the word Web3 was not put forward by Gavin Wood (Gavin Woods), co-founder of Ethereum, until 2014.

Next, these genes that are unique to the times will influence the development direction of Twitter for many years to come, and also make it pay the price.

As time went on, Twitter began to attract enthusiastic investors. In early May 2008, the company’s valuation soared to 60 million dollars, and then it increased to 70 million dollars in the following days. Finally, when the news finally spread, the company’s worth had reached 80 million.

At the same time, chaos also spread within the company: after months of painful pulling and quarreling, Dorsey, who had been CEO of Twitter for less than seven months, was considered to have limited management ability, and was ousted by his former friend, major shareholder, co-founder Evan (holding 70% of the company’s shares) and investors. Evan personally served as CEO. Although Dorsey didn’t leave the company, he became an "invisible man" with no real power on the board of directors and a mascot who cooperated with the company’s good image in front of the media, although he didn’t want to cooperate with such a role.

Desperate and angry, Dorsey almost jumped to his arch-rival, Facebook, but finally he found what he really wanted: he co-founded Squirrel, a payment tool, with his old friend Jim Mckelvey, and later renamed it Square. At the same time, he also has a sideline-waiting for the opportunity to take revenge on Evan and the board of directors.

The line of sight goes back to Evan, the new CEO of Twitter. On February 13th, 2009, Evan took over Twitter completely. Although the company still has less than 30 full-time employees (some freelancers), Twitter is still developing rapidly, with more and more celebrities joining, and the number of users has increased by 900% within one year. In addition to the operational pressure brought by a large number of users, Evan has to deal with round after round of takeover offers.

These include technology giant Google Microsoft, famous artists, billionaires, celebrities, and even presidential candidate Al Gore. Of course, the most important opponent is Zuckerberg, who runs Facebook. In June 2010, Zuckerberg met with Twitter CEO Evan and others at his home, and once again made an invitation to buy. Twitter still chose to refuse and made clear the difference:

"People log on to Facebook to browse other people’s personal homepages, which accounts for most of the traffic on the website. News supply and information flow are only used as a springboard to browse other people’s personal homepages.Twitter has exactly the opposite experience. Information flow and news account for 90% of the traffic on the website, while the personal homepage only accounts for 10%.

In Nick Billton’s book "Incubating Twitter: A Wild Journey from Wild to IPO", the difference between Twitter and Facebook is not only the difference between social platforms and information networks (showing their personal satisfaction VS information transparency and freedom), but also they have very different moral standards:

"When Evan founded Blogger ten years ago, he established a firm belief in providing blog services. At that time, the goal of Twitter was already established: to provide people with a microphone and let them speak their minds … In the past, when government officials knocked on the door of Twitter for various reasons and asked for user information, the managers of Twitter support team would refuse," Without a search warrant, I can’t. Such an attitude has become a firm belief of Twitter for many years. Like DNA, it makes it a different kind of company in Silicon Valley.

Twitter finally resisted the court’s order to extract Twitter released by protesters in the Occupy Wall Street movement. Twitter also bravely faced the political persecution of WikiLeaks online supporters by the judicial department.

Completely different from Facebook, Twitter finally allows users to choose not to be tracked while using the service. Facebook, on the other hand, takes a completely different approach to free speech and tracking, which usually infringes on people’s privacy, and sometimes even deletes content that violates strict terms of service. Twitter is as open as a public swimming pool. 」

Contrary to the rapid expansion of every aspect of the company, the number of employees in the company is growing slowly, and the business income is still zero. Although he tried some methods, such as cutting costs and establishing close relationships with important partners, Evan still suffered the same treatment as Dorsey: the board of directors and early investors began to question whether Evan could lead Twitter to a new stage, and finally decided to oust him from the CEO position.

Nick Billton revealed in his book that Dorsey played a disgraceful role in this process, just as he thought he had been stabbed in the back by his friend, and he also betrayed his friend. It was he who actively contacted and lobbied important members of the board of directors, and finally got revenge by kicking Evan out of Twitter.

However, Dorsey did not immediately enjoy the sweetness brought by revenge, and it was still a long five years before he got his former CEO position again.

Let’s fast-forward to July 2015. When Dorsey took over as interim CEO from Dick Costolo, Twitter’s share price rose. People are expecting another story of Jobs returning to Apple to turn the tide, but at this time, the face of Twitter has changed a lot from five years ago.

In November 2013, Twitter was listed on the New York Stock Exchange and officially became a listed company. The management team’s control over the company was significantly weakened, and shareholders’ requirements for Twitter’s development speed and performance requirements were more urgent.

From 2010 to 2015, despite the stumbling, Twitter has changed from no revenue channel at all to creating revenue through advertising. To this end, the company continuously tightened the previous open API policy, banned third-party clients UberTwitter and Twidroyd in 2011, and banned the development interface of user data for third-party application developers in 2014, strictly restricting the tokens used for login. This incident upset Dorsey. At the end of 2021, he even tweeted that "this is the worst thing we have ever done", and argued that he was "not running the company at that time" and said that "the company has been trying to reopen it completely. 」

All the above behaviors have seriously damaged Twitter’s consistently open genes and public image, and at the same time, it has also attracted many criticisms, making Costello waver and limp on the balance beam of not annoying users and selling more advertisements. Not only are the growth of active users worrying, but the commercial income has never met the expectations of investors.

On the other hand, Facebook has no moral burden in extracting user data to expand the scale of advertising. In 2015, the scale of advertising realization exceeded $17 billion. At that time, a company had to do mobile advertising, and Twitter would only be considered after Facebook, Facebook Messenger, Instagram and Snapchat.

There are two problems in front of Dorsey. First, the activity brought by the worsening community environment is declining, and the platform is full of lies, violence, political manipulation and zombie accounts; The second is to give back to shareholders’ demand for making money and find a stable growth business income model. He also has a deep understanding of this: "We must carry out a very difficult restructuring of this company. 」

One of the key points of the reorganization is the healthy reform of the Twitter community and the rectification of extreme speech network violence. In the last quarter of 2017, Twitter cleared 58 million accounts within three months. By 2018, the number of accounts closed in May and June alone exceeded 70 million. Twitter under Dorset often plays the role of a platform to defend the bottom line of freedom of speech, but it always has two sides: when they act actively, users complain that Twitter is too much in charge; When he wants to give up, the government and the law have the responsibility to ask them to intervene.

Efforts to increase advertising revenue are still trapped in the past genes: limiting API to keep users and data in its own hands can maximize commercial benefits, but it will also damage the reputation established by Twitter; Adhering to the original intention of opening up has made the commercialization process far behind the expectations of shareholders. Even Dorsey, who entered the second palace, did not find the key to solve the contradiction at that time.

Twitter is still limping. Although its advertising revenue keeps growing at the same pace, its speed has been greatly improved by Facebook, and it also faces competition from many rivals such as Instagram, Snapchat and Pinterest. Dorsey was once again caught in the infighting of Twitter investors and almost relived the nightmare that was driven away more than ten years ago.

After the storm, although Dorsey was able to stay in office, it was even more difficult to fully control Twitter.

Mike Masnick’s famous article "Protocol, Not Platform: On the Technical Methods to Realize Freedom of Speech" published on August 21st, 2019 triggered a great discussion in the American scientific and intellectual circles, and it seems that Dorsey found a new way to solve the problem-the solution of the ——Web 3 version, and returned the censorship right to the users. He not only forwarded it the first time, but also announced a few months later that he would invest to set up a related independent team.

Dorsey also mentioned in the tweet that Twitter was like a set of protocols in the early years, but later it took another road, gradually became centralized and developed into a platform.

Soon after, Dorsey set up a team called "Bluesky" within Twitter to study the technical standards of social media decentralization. Try to build an open source and decentralized community platform, and gradually try to implement decentralization on a highly centralized community platform. The leader of the Blue Sky team is the successor (resigned) after Dorsey left Twitter.

But business problems remain to be solved:The agreement does not make money, how to maintain the company’s income? We don’t know what Dorsey really thinks, but in reality, cryptocurrency with decentralized agreement has become a possible path.So you can see that in his last few years as CEO, Dorsey almost aggressively launched a series of measures to benefit Web3 and cryptocurrency on Twitter:

He launched Twitter Space, allowing a large number of Web3 practitioners to communicate online in this space; He was also the first to launch an NFT product released by the Internet giant, so that Twitter users’ avatars can be displayed as NFT and certified; It also supports all people in the encryption circle to have a Twitter account, and every encryption project will register an account on Twitter and post a link in it. ……

Dorsey himself has become one of the most important advocates of Bitcoin. He not only praised Bitcoin as the future of cryptocurrency many times in public, but also actively promoted the integration of lightning network, set up a Bitcoin DeFi developer platform, built a Bitcoin cold wallet and built a legal currency version of Bitcoin decentralized exchange, which showed Dorsey’s yearning for a decentralized world.

Suji Yan, founder of Mask Network, is a senior entrepreneur in the field of Web3 and cryptocurrency, and one of the few early members of Bluesky.According to his close observation, Dorsey was under unprecedented internal pressure, and almost predicted that his time as CEO was running out, so that he did not hesitate to "do something big" before leaving his job. 」

In the last period of Twitter, Dorsey simply used Twitter to do a series of decentralization experiments. After he left Twitter last year, as the helm of the US version of Alipay "Square", he directly changed his name to "Block" and made it fully Web3-based. Recently, he sent a message to "repent" that Twitter violated its original intention and led to the centralization of the Internet, and he felt guilty. Until the acquisition of Twitter by Musk, Dorsey was one of the most active people, and even called him the "only trust solution" to solve the Twitter problem.

Although Musk has not mentioned how to transform Twitter, it can be seen from his previous remarks that he is interested in adding cryptocurrency payment to Twitter and binding cryptocurrency with Twitter’s advertising business. Sam Bankman-fried, CEO of FTX, a cryptocurrency exchange, gave Musk some suggestions on "Web 3 transformation" on Twitter, including chain encryption of tweets, monetization of tweets and charging for each tweet, and advertising on the user interface. Brian Armstrong, CEO of Coinbase, another exchange, thinks that Twitter is expected to become a distributed protocol over time-this is consistent with Dorsey’s original idea of Twitter, and there are rumors that Dorsey will return.

The past of Twitter decentralization has come to an end here, and the next road to Web3 will be completed under the strong influence of Musk. Whether he is an angel or a devil, a brand-new Twitter will appear soon. I hope it can fly in the sky like a free North American mountain bluebird, like its Logo that has been used since 2012, instead of being kept in an iron cage by oligarchs.

Nick Billton, Incubating Twitter: A Wild Journey from Wild to IPO.

This article comes from WeChat official account Geek Park (ID: geekpark) on WeChat. Author: Matt, editor: Jingyu, published by 36Kr with authorization.

On April 17th, CCTV Finance "Economic Half-hour" reported "Three-dimensional Group in Hongdong County, Shanxi Province illegally dumped industrial waste residue to pollute farmland, and the production wastewater was discharged directly into Fenhe River, and CCTV reporters were detained unannounced". In this regard, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment stated in the announcement issued on April 18th that measures have been taken:

First, the joint supervision of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Government requires the Linfen Municipal People’s Government to strictly investigate the illegal sewage discharge behavior of enterprises, the performance of government and regulatory authorities and other issues in accordance with the law, and make them public in a timely manner.

Second, it will jointly punish the listed companies of Sanwei Group with the CSRC. Our department has informed the CSRC of the environmental violation information of Sanwei Group for the first time, and conducted joint investigation and punishment according to the memorandum of cooperation on joint punishment of environmental violations of listed companies.

The announcement also stated that Shanxi Province also attached great importance to this and responded at the first time. The Environmental Protection Department of Shanxi Province set up the "4.17 Report on the Environmental Problems of Shanxi Sanwei Group" and rushed to the scene on the night of the report to supervise, organize forces to conduct on-the-spot investigation on the contaminated site, monitor the waste water and industrial waste residue, and administratively detain two village cadres according to law. At present, various investigations are under way.

Then, why can such a big polluter pollute the environment for a long time and unscrupulously? What is the real problem behind it? Who is acting as their "black protection"?

Cctv review

Shanxi Sanwei Group has been illegally dumping industrial waste residue, polluting a lot of farmland and discharging industrial wastewater directly into Fenhe River, which has brought serious threats to the lives of people in villages along the way. The news media even used "evil deeds" to describe this shocking incident of stealing platoon.

Here, we must ask a few more why!

Do the three-dimensional group leaders, especially the group leaders, know what they are doing?

Sanwei Group is an enterprise that produces hundreds of chemical products such as polyvinyl alcohol, adhesive, benzene and coke. As a listed company with 4.5 billion assets, do you know how to treat the wastewater, carbide slag and fly ash produced by the enterprise?

Calcium carbide slag and fly ash need to be stored in a special yard and managed strictly, and industrial wastewater must be treated in compliance before it can be discharged. However, the three-dimensional group has been dumping industrial waste into the pit without impervious layer for a long time, and the wastewater is also directly discharged into Fenhe River, the mother river of Shanxi Province. Business leaders don’t know whether it is dereliction of duty or dereliction of duty? It is even more terrible if you know it, whether it is directly directed or not.

Why do local governments and environmental protection departments turn a blind eye to sewage discharge?

The media has long noticed that the three-dimensional group has seriously polluted the environment by illegally discharging pollutants.

As early as 2014, China Youth Network reported the fact that "Shanxi Three-dimensional Pollution has been confirmed by the Environmental Protection Bureau for nearly 40 years";

In 2016, national business daily also exposed the news that "Shanxi Sanweicheng environmental protection boss was investigated every year";

In 2017, a survey by China Legal Reporting Network found that Shanxi illegally dumped industrial waste residue to pollute farmland;

In 2017, the Ministry of Environmental Protection sent eight inspectors to inspect 13 cities, and Sanwei Group was one of the inspected objects.

With such intensive media attention and under the supervision of the Inspector Group of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, how did the local government and environmental protection departments respond and solve the problem? Don’t you turn a blind eye to the media reports and the inspectors of the competent departments? Why do local government departments turn a blind eye to sewage discharge?

Why are village cadres at the grassroots level willing to guard the door for polluting enterprises?

In the interview, the reporter found that the people around him had long complained, but they dared not speak out. The villagers said, there is no need to reflect, which one of the cadres in the village doesn’t know? The real situation is that in the face of the lawless and unscrupulous environmental pollution behavior of enterprises, local village cadres have acted as thugs for polluting enterprises to guard their homes. Villagers and journalists have said a few words and are worried that they will be retaliated.

It can be said that this scene in Hongtong County has reached the point of absurdity. Listed companies are lawless in discharging pollutants, village cadres pay money to guard the hospital, and the Environmental Protection Bureau ignores corporate pollution. Reports from local villagers range from verbal warnings to suffering from skin and flesh. When they talk to reporters, they must worry about retaliation. After repeated media exposure, environmental protection special inspectors, pollution has become increasingly serious. There are too many reasons to answer and too many questions to explain.

Polluting enterprises should be investigated and punished, and the umbrella behind them should be destroyed. At present, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment has cooperated with the Shanxi provincial government to supervise the environmental violations of the three-dimensional group, and the local joint investigation team has also been formed. We will be interesting to see who makes the people dare to speak out, who makes the central government’s policies unable to be implemented here, and who makes the national laws unable to be enforced here.

(The original title is "CCTV Review | Three Questions: Who is the" black protection "around big polluters? 》）

　　Xinhua News Agency, Chongqing, January 28th: The driver of the China-Europe train gantry crane caught a 30-ton "doll" in 1.8 minutes.

　　Xinhua News Agency reporter Chen Qingbing

　　Zheng Yushuang, 32, is clutching two black control handles with his hands, his back slightly bent, his head and eyes facing downwards, just like an eagle preparing to dive, looking for a suitable point and opportunity. Dozens of seconds later, as he pressed a button forcefully, a huge yellow "paw" slowly fell from the sky. Finally, when the "paw" successfully caught the target in the center of his pupil, he completely relaxed.

　　On January 26th, Zheng Yushuang operated the gantry crane to lift the container in the driver’s cab. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tang Yushe

　　This scene that can’t be distracted for a second will be staged hundreds of times a day in Zheng Yushuang’s work. As a gantry crane driver at China Railway Lianji Chongqing Central Station, Zheng Yushuang described his work as a hardcore version of "catching dolls". However, his goal is not a plush toy, but a container weighing 30 tons.

　　In addition, Zheng Yushuang’s "game room" is only 2 square meters, 16 meters from the ground. He needs to climb six revolving steps to get there. Because the environment around the station is open and uncovered, he sometimes needs to go up against the wind and rain.

　　On January 26th, Zheng Yu climbed the cab of a 16-meter-high gantry crane in both directions. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tang Yushe

　　Although the work is quite challenging, Zheng Yushuang has been the "best player" of this "game" since he first came to work here in 2010. Tuanjie Village Station, where he works, is the starting station of the China-Europe train in Chongqing. Every day, a large number of goods gather here, waiting to be sent to all parts of Europe.

　　Zheng Yushuang works 8 hours a day and can load and unload more than 2,000 containers in a month. It takes about 2 to 3 minutes for others to load and unload a container, while Zheng Yushuang only takes about 1.8 minutes.

　　On January 26th, Zheng Yushuang was on the gantry crane. Xinhua News Agency reporter Tang Yushe

　　"I attended a six-month training course in Dalian before I officially operated the gantry crane. In recent years, with the increase of containers in China and Europe, my technology is also improving. " Zheng Yushuang said that when he first started this job, he often felt bored sitting in this small room because there were not many goods to load and unload at that time. But later, his daily workload increased from 60 containers to 250, and at most 350 containers were loaded and unloaded in one night.

　　In addition to the increase in quantity, Zheng Yushuang also witnessed the changes in the category of goods. At first, the only goods exported from here were printers, laptops and other electronic products. Now toys, clothes, milk powder and other commodities are common. After the COVID-19 outbreak, containers containing medical supplies such as masks and gloves were also shipped to European countries.

　　In 2021, as the first inter-provincial and inter-city cooperation brand of China-Europe Train, China-Europe Train (Chengdu-Chongqing) had a total of over 4,800 converted trains, accounting for about 30% of the national total. The container capacity of CEIBS (Chengdu-Chongqing) exceeds 400,000 TEUs, of which the return journey accounts for more than 50%, and the route has reached hundreds of cities in Europe.

　　Zheng Yushuang was very proud to see the report card of the China-Europe class. "Thinking that these goods will be shipped to Europe, I feel that this job is very meaningful and I feel very fulfilled. During the Spring Festival holiday, I also chose to stick to my job and contribute my meager strength to the smooth operation of the China-Europe train. " Zheng Yushuang said.

South Georgia i.Located in the southern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the environment is unique, isolated, steep and steep, with endless alpine snow peaks, spectacular glaciers and rough and primitive canyon waterfalls, and it is famous for its wild animals’ paradise. However, since it was first discovered in 1675, in less than 100 years, the elephant seals and fur seals on the island have been hunted to death and have since become "bloody".Whaling station. Whaling paradise in the South Atlantic. With the disappearance of the bloody massacre on the island, the number of wild animals on the island has rebounded, and now hundreds of thousands of southern elephant seals gather here every spring to complete their mission.

Because of their huge size and rich fat, elephant seals are hunted in large numbers to extract oil. According to statistics, London alone has been used for one year.20,000 tonsLike seal oil. At the end of the 19th century, many scientists thought that this giant elephant seal (the northern elephant seal) was extinct. Fortunately, in 1910, a small group of lucky people were discovered. The current population is the survivors of that year. Descendants

South Georgia, big guy, the world’s largest pteropod!

Elephant seal (scientific name: Miroungaleonina, English name: seaelephant) belongs to Pinpoda, Marine family, Monk seal subfamily, Elephant seal genus. According to the different distribution areas, elephant seals are divided intoSouth China Sea Elephant () and northern elephant seals. South Elephant Seal and South Elephant Seal mainly inhabit South Georgia Island, Kerguelen Islands, macquarie island and surrounding areas. Due to different geographical locations, it is divided into South Atlantic subgroup, Indian Ocean subgroup and sub-Antarctic Pacific subgroup. The distribution of northern elephant seals is limited to the west coast of North America, the United States and the western coastal areas of Mexico.

Among them, the southern elephant seal is the largest pteropod and the largest land carnivore.CarnivoraMedium. It looks like a "meat mountain" from a distance. At the same time, the southern elephant seal also created the biggest weight difference between male and female mammals. The average weight of males is about 2.2-4 tons.The average body length is 4.5-5.8m.. The heaviest elephant seal recorded in Guinness World Records weighs 5 tons and its body length can reach 6.85 meters. The female weighs only400-800 kg, with a body length of no more than 3 meters.. Compared with northern elephant seals, their gender is similar, but not so extreme. The average weight of male northern elephant seals is about 2 tons, and that of females is about 700-800 kilograms. To tell the truth, seeing the male southern elephant seal pressing on the female southern elephant seal really worried the latter …

Tips: Because the English name of the elephant seal "seaelephant" is translated into "walrus", many careless students directly translate it into walrus (the English name of Walrus is’ Walrus’). Although walrus and elephant seal are both "sea", they belong to different species families. Adult walrus females and males have two long "tusks".

Because of its huge size, there are no polar bears on land.South elephant seals basically "walk sideways" on the Antarctic continent. Killer whales only threaten them when they are in the sea.. Although southern elephant seals often lie prone on the beach to rest, like a meat mountain, they are bloated and have great difficulty in moving (the speed is about 5-10 km/h), but as soon as they enter the water, their limbs are fin-shaped. According to scientific observation, southern elephant seals can dive to a depth of 400 to 1,000 meters (1,300 to 3,300 feet) at a time, and each dive lasts for 20-40 minutes. The deepest recording depth is2388 meters, refreshing the depth of mammals entering the sea.

With epic diving skills, what will the southern elephant seal do? Squid fishing. Because there is no echolocation, southern elephant seals usually use their keen eyesight and whiskers to perceive the situation in nearby waters and eat some fish, krill and crustaceans. However, after dissecting the dead specimens, scientists found that the favorite food of the southern elephant seal was squid.

Three thousand harem beauties? The number of the strongest harem beauties has reached 270!

South elephant seal pursues "polygamy"Is a typical mammal. Every year during the breeding season, groups of female southern elephant seals return to the coast to mate with the males who have won the battle.

Southern elephant seals spend most of their time at sea and only return to the shore during the breeding season or when they molt. At the beginning of the annual breeding season (December-January), groups of male southern elephant seals arrive at the beach first, and everyone "shows their muscles" for hegemony.. A beach usually only produces a "beach owner".But the status of beach owners may be challenged at any time.

The name elephant seal comes from its huge and prominent nose, which is similar in shape to an elephant, but only male elephant seals have it. Its main function is to make sounds. Male elephant seals have a strong sense of territory. If other male elephant seals invade its territory, it will not hesitate to send out’.Lion roar’The strange sounds made in some caves are like the warnings made by seals. Ideally, it is to achieve the effect of defeat without fighting.

If it really doesn’t work, we can only resort to force, which often ends in bloodshed. First, the two sides do difficult yoga moves (stand up) and hit each other with meat bombs, then you take a bite and I take a bite. After the comparison, the fatter one will watch. The fatter.The stronger the lethality, the stronger the endurance.. However, the male southern elephant seal is naturally prepared for this kind of battle, and the neck fat is particularly thick, which generally does not lead to death or serious injury. Therefore, anyone who has seen wild southern elephant seals must have seen their rudeness and irritability.

With the roar of the earth-shattering, the two sides were bitten black and blue, and the winner was gradually divided. The winning king can bring 40-50 females who landed on the beach in estrus into the harem., up to 270.Due to the lure of huge benefits, all male southern elephant seals are challenged and challenged throughout the breeding season. Among them, the "beach boss" is the busiest. In addition to completing the sowing task, he has to face the challenge from passers-by to drive away other male seals (the loser lingers on the edge of the beach, trying to mate with the female seal quickly before being driven away, and if he is lucky, he can pass your own genes). Because of too many things, the "beach owner" didn’t have time to feed at all, so in just one month, he could only scrape by on the huge fat reserves in his body.

Research data show that only 2-3% of male southern elephant seals are found every year.Have the opportunity to inherit genes. In a large-scale paternity test, scientists studied a population on the beaches of the Falkland Islands and found that 125 offspring were born within two years (the largest number of offspring recorded by men was 500), among which110 descendants belong to the same father. In addition, 72% of males have never had a single mating phenomenon, and even some individuals have never died of old age (single to death). It can be said that drought does not die, and floods do not die. It is precisely because of this struggle that the huge gap in resource allocation has led to the development of males in the direction of huge size.

When I was born, I weighed about 50 kilograms, which quadrupled in one month!

The pregnant period of female southern elephant seals is usually 9 months, but they can give birth after 12 months of pregnancy. The cub weighs about 50 kilograms at birth, but within one month, the cub’s weight can be quadrupled. The main reason is that the milk of female southern elephant seals contains a lot ofOil.

When the baby elephant seal is born, the milk secreted by the female elephant seal contains about 12% fat. Two weeks later, this number increased to more than 55%, giving the liquid a pudding-like consistency. In contrast, humans only account for 3.5%. So in just 30 days, the weight of the cubs rose steadily, while the weight of the female southern elephant seal decreased slowly, losing at least one third of its weight. Cubs are usually born on the beach during the breeding season, so cubs are often crushed to death by males.

Conclusion:

Historically, southern elephant seals have been hunted to extinction by humans. Later, because the number was too small, the cost of a trip to the South Pole was not worth mentioning. Since 1964, the number of southern elephant seals has been able to recuperate. Since then, their numbers have rebounded rapidly, and the southern elephant seal is considered to be the least concerned species. However, due to overfishing, marine pollution and climate change in Antarctic waters, the future of the southern elephant seal is in danger.

End—

With the overall consumption upgrade of China’s automobile market and the increase in the number of young family users, the market popularity of medium and large SUVs emphasizing comfort is gradually increasing. During this period, with the help of the Dongfeng of new energy vehicles, independent brands are also constantly grabbing the market dominated by traditional joint venture brands in the past. Chery, which has always hoped to make a difference in the high-end market, is no exception, but it has suffered repeated setbacks in recent years.

On April 9, Chery Star Road based on M3X Mars Architecture 2.0 to create a new generation of Star Road Lunar officially launched. The new car launched a total of 6 models, the price range is 189,900 – 233,900 yuan, compared with the previous generation models have risen.

Xingtu Lanyue was first released as a concept car in 2019, originally codenamed Xingtu VX. In early 2021, Xingtu Lanyue was officially named and listed, and the price range was 168,900-229,900 yuan. However, after that, the seemingly good product of Xingtu Lanyue encountered Waterloo when it was sold. The sales volume in the first year of listing was only a little over 1,000 units. After that, it quickly disappeared from the market, and even the specific sales data was difficult to check. In addition to the relatively high price in the independent brand, the use of dual-clutch transmission, central control screen card and other factors have led to the decline of the model’s reputation.

After a lapse of two years, the new generation of Starway with 8AT and triple screens has once again carried Chery’s dream of reaching high.

In terms of appearance, the front air intake grille of the new car adopts a polygonal shape and a straight waterfall-style middle net design; the side of the car body adopts a relatively tough double waist line design, matching the 20-inch dense spoke chrome-plated rim; the rear roof is equipped with a hollow spoiler, and the taillight group adopts a through-type design supplemented by chrome-plated rim decoration.

Xingtu Lanyue is positioned as a medium and large SUV. In terms of size, the length, width and height of the new car are 4970/1940/1792mm respectively, and the wheelbase is 2900mm. The internal space provides two layouts of 6 and 7 seats. In terms of comfort configuration, the new car is equipped with the main driver’s leather seat and heating function as standard. The medium and high-end version adds high-level configurations such as ventilation and massage. In addition to the above configuration, the co-pilot also adds functions such as electric adjustment leg supports; the second-row seats also have heating, ventilation, armrests and other configurations.

The central control of the new car adopts a wraparound design. The biggest change is the triple screen composed of the dashboard, central control screen, and passenger display, with a built-in Qualcomm Snapdragon 8155 car-grade chip and a Chery Lion ecosystem.

In terms of power, the new generation of Xingtu Lanyue is equipped with a 2.0T turbocharged four-cylinder engine, with a maximum power of 192kW and a peak torque of 400N · m. It is matched with an Aisin 8-speed automatic transmission, and is equipped with a full-speed adaptive cruise system as standard. The high-end model is also equipped with BorgWarner’s sixth-generation four-wheel drive system.

Compared with competing products, Xingtu Lanyue, with an average price of about 200,000 yuan, still has certain advantages in cost performance when compared with joint venture models of the same level. However, Xingtu is limited by its own brand power, which may continue to restrict the play of its products.

At the same time, after the launch of the new generation of Xingtu Lanyue, it is not only facing traditional joint venture medium-sized SUVs such as Toyota Highlander, Volkswagen Touon, and Honda Guandao, but also including BYD Tang, Ideal L7/L8, Wei Brand Blue Mountain and other independent brand plug-in hybrid models. To rewrite the experience that the previous generation model was not a success, the difficulty of Xingtu Lanyue is also self-evident.

Title: The price of the new Xingtu Lanyue has increased, and Chery’s high-end is struggling

Editor: He Bao

Editor in charge: Wu Jian

Review: Xu Jing

1905 movie network news The suspense crime film directed by,,, and starring released the "unbearable" version of the preview and the "12 personality" version of the poster. Zheng Wei (Greg Han Hsu), a greedy and evil policeman, Fu Taiqiao Wenna (Zhang Junning), Hong Jie (Kara Wai), a powerless civilian, and Minghao (Andrew), a powerful and powerful person in disregard for human life, have created more entanglements among these four people, which are even more tense and confrontational under the pull of contradictions from all sides. The weak are struggling to rise to the power of "hand blade", making the already complicated mystery more complicated. What is the final outcome?

The whole staff is surprised to see the complex relationship between "12 personalities". Innocent victims look up to justice and resist power.

A newly released set of "12 Personality" posters is full of mystery. Zheng Wei, Qiao Wenna, Hong Jie and Ming Hao are in a dark room, and the characters in each poster are "busy" with different expressions, and their confrontation sets off an undercurrent atmosphere. On the poster, Qiao Wenna, who thought she had been framed, was in absolute weakness. However, her different states made people think. Is she warning her oppressors? On the other hand, the powerful Minghao and the civilian Hong Jie seem to be pulled by hatred. Does Hong Jie’s eyes, which have collapsed from pain to becoming fierce gradually, imply that the oppressed civilians have risen up and resisted? The forest painting hanging on the wall in the poster seems to imply the complexity of the characters in the film, like a forest full of mystery and danger hiding many secrets, and the fighting between wild animals in the painting also seems to imply that a bloody fight is unfolding. The slogan on the poster "Who is trampling on the rules and who is looking up for justice" is amazing, and all mysterious atmosphere makes the truth more complicated. Who is the "hunter" and who is finally "hunted" in this fierce fight in the foggy forest?

The escalation of all-staff conflicts may not be true. The case suddenly reversed and there were many suspense doubts.

In the trailer released, there was a huge reversal. Minghao, a powerful man with a furious personality and a low regard for human life, was forbidden to frame Wen Na for murder because of his love, but he was unexpectedly killed by Sister Hong, who disguised himself as a hotel. People can’t help wondering whether the reason why Sister Hong killed Minghao was related to her missing husband, which may be a complete revenge plan. In addition, there are a lot of details in the trailer that are worth tasting again and again. What does Zheng Wei mean by "After all the organs are set, just wait quietly"? Has he set any other traps for Wen Na? What phone call did Zheng Wei receive and his look changed suddenly? Qiao Wenna’s sentence "I thought the nightmare was over from now on" also has no deep meaning. Does the nightmare she refers to mean being framed or being blackmailed? Minghao dragged the body of a man alone in the Woods. Was this man also killed by him? In this puzzle, it seems that the "superior person" is no longer absolute monarch, and the weak person seems to take action to resist. All this seems to correspond to the ending "Seeing is believing?" Questions, instantly filled the suspense atmosphere. The most unpredictable thing is the human heart. What is good and what is evil? On December 8 th, the theater was announced!

Greg Han Hsu, Zhang Junning, Kara Wai and Andrew starred in the film "Crossing the Sea", which will be released nationwide on December 8th, so stay tuned.

According to the news of Yunnan Court Network, on September 20, 2022, the Higher People’s Court of Yunnan Province publicly pronounced the cases of intentional homicide of appellants Hong Jiao, Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing, theft of appellant Hong Jiao and defendant Qi Wenqiang in the original trial, and ruled that the appeal was dismissed and the original judgment was upheld.

On July 7, 2022, the Intermediate People’s Court of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture made a first-instance judgment, and sentenced the defendant Hong Qiao to death for intentional homicide, deprived of political rights for life, sentenced him to two years and six months in prison for theft, and fined him 10,000 yuan. He decided to execute the death penalty, deprived of political rights for life, and fined him 10,000 yuan. The defendants Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing were sentenced to death for intentional homicide, suspended for two years and deprived of political rights for life; The defendant Qi Wenqiang was sentenced to two years in prison for theft and fined RMB 8,000. Li Sheng and Chen Shouping, plaintiffs in incidental civil action, were allowed to withdraw the lawsuit. After the verdict, Hong Jiao, Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing refused to accept it and appealed. The Higher People’s Court of Yunnan Province accepted the case on July 20, and formed a collegiate bench according to law, and held a public hearing on August 26.

The second instance of Yunnan Higher People’s Court found that in early July 2020, the appellant Hong Qiao had a conflict with his girlfriend Li Mouyue (the victim, who died at the age of 21), so he invited the appellants Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing to help kill Li Mouyue and make a crime plan. Hong Qiao designed in advance to trick Li into buying a plane ticket from Nanjing, Jiangsu Province to Jinghong City, Yunnan Province on July 9, and provided funds and some tools for committing crimes. He led Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing to rehearse the killing methods many times and explained the details of the crime and the requirements of regular reporting, and instructed Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing to fly from Nanjing to Jinghong City in advance to the agreed location of the crime, Pu ‘er Tea Park in Menghai County, and to buy shovels to dig holes in advance. At about 21 o’clock that day, Li Mouyue was lured to the crime site, and Cao Zeqing and Zhang Chenguang killed and buried Li Mouyue.

In May 2019, the appellant Hong Jiao instructed Qi Wenqiang, the defendant in the original trial, to steal a monocular night vision device (worth 18,000 yuan) in a resort in Nanjing.

The Higher People’s Court of Yunnan Province held that the appellants Hong Jiao, Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing deliberately and illegally deprived others of their lives, and their actions all constituted the crime of intentional homicide. Hong Jiao and Qi Wenqiang, the defendant in the original trial, secretly stole a large amount of other people’s property for the purpose of illegal possession, and their actions both constituted theft. Hong Qiao is guilty of intentional homicide and theft, and should be punished for several crimes. In the joint crime of intentional homicide, Hong Jiao was the perpetrator of the crime, and carried out specific organization and command actions, provided corresponding funds and some tools for committing crimes, designed to lure the victim Li Mouyue to the crime site, and provided Li Mouyue’s itinerary information, with the most prominent guilt; Zhang Chenguang, Cao Zeqing and Hong Qiao conspired to commit murder, which together led to Li’s death, with equal guilt, and all three were the principal offenders. Hong Jiao ignored other people’s lives, committed a cruel crime, was extremely harmful to society, and committed a very serious crime. Moreover, he retracted his confession and denied that he had instructed the killing of Li Mouyue, and he had no remorse and should be punished according to law. Zhang Chenguang and Cao Zeqing’s culpability in the joint crime is less than that of Hong Qiao’s, and they have frank circumstances. It is in line with the principle of adapting the culpability and punishment to the death penalty. The judgment of first instance found that the facts were clear, the evidence was true and sufficient, the conviction was accurate and the sentence was appropriate. The trial procedure is legal. Therefore, the aforementioned ruling was made.

During the trial of the Higher People’s Court of Yunnan Province, the litigation rights of all litigants were guaranteed according to law. Close relatives of the parties, some deputies to the National People’s Congress, CPPCC members, media reporters and representatives of the masses attended the trial and pronounced the verdict.

　　In response to "Professor Zhang Yuqing was reported for academic misconduct by his real name", on November 19, Tianjin University issued a notice in official website, saying that after receiving the real name report about Zhang Yuqing, the college immediately set up a special investigation team to carry out the investigation according to the regulations. After preliminary investigation by the investigation team, Zhang Yuqing’s academic misconduct was found to be true. Zhang Yuqing admits that he has academic misconduct and is willing to take full responsibility. At present, Tianjin University has terminated the employment contract with Zhang Yuqing. Other related issues are under further investigation.

　　According to a real-name report obtained by The Paper, a former graduate student majoring in chemical engineering of Tianjin University reported Zhang Yuqing, a professor at the School of Chemical Engineering of Tianjin University, with his real name, and reported that the latter made many frauds in his experiments and published papers from 2011 to 2020, and helped his daughter to publish papers many times.

　　In the report materials, the whistleblower said, for example, that during the mid-term assessment of a scientific research project in Tianjin, Zhang Yuqing "not only used fake experimental records and fake experimental data, but also used articles unrelated to this project to cheat the examiners." "Zhang Yuqing took out a large bottle of purchased silica particles in front of our students and said that it was a multifunctional new particle synthesized by ourselves, pointing to the large stainless steel device in our laboratory more than ten years ago and said that it was the casting solution made for them."

　　In addition, the report materials also listed that Zhang Yuqing repeatedly revised the experimental results and thesis contents of his graduate students, and published his daughter’s name. Even when his daughter was still in high school, she signed her daughter’s name in her graduate thesis on the grounds that "her daughter participated in the revision of the thesis".

　　On February 4th, it was learned from the Provincial Communications Department that Hubei Provincial Highway Network Planning (2011-2030) was recently approved. The plan proposes to build a trunk road network with a total scale of 36,500 kilometers, connecting cities, counties (cities, districts) and towns in the province, covering key industrial distribution areas, agricultural product bases, tourist attractions and logistics parks in an all-round way, and ensuring that there are at least three expressway exits in each neighboring province and city.
　　The plan will be implemented in two stages: by 2020, an ordinary trunk network of 28,000 kilometers will be basically formed and an expressway of about 7,500 kilometers will be built; By 2030, a 28,200-kilometer general trunk network will be built in an all-round way, and all qualified sections will meet the highway standards above Grade II, forming an expressway network of about 8,260 kilometers.
　　According to the plan, the ordinary national highway in our province consists of 3 capital radial lines, 8 north-south longitudinal lines and 10 east-west transverse lines, with a total scale of about 9380 kilometers; Ordinary provincial roads consist of 24 Wuhan radiation lines, 87 north-south longitudinal lines, 68 east-west transverse lines and 83 tie lines, with a total scale of about 18,870 kilometers. Together, they form an ordinary trunk network with a total scale of 28,200 kilometers.
　　The expressway adopts the layout form of combining radiation with vertical and horizontal grids, which consists of 9 north-south longitudinal lines, 5 east-west transverse lines, 3 loop lines, 14 Wuhan radiation lines and 20 connecting lines, with a total scale of about 8262 kilometers. (Dong Jing, Ding Honglin)