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　　"The rapid development of new media is independent of people’s will."

　　"Whoever masters the user will win the world."

　　"If you are indifferent and discouraged, you will lose your right to speak."

　　On the afternoon of July 22nd, the new media forum and the seminar on the second anniversary of the founding of Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, was held in the lecture hall of the People’s Daily Complex. Leaders from Internet companies such as People’s Daily Online, Xinhuanet, china network television and Baidu, Qihoo 360 and Sina, as well as experts and scholars from universities such as Tsinghua University and China Renmin University, discussed the development of media convergence, and discussed new opportunities for the development of mobile Internet and new topics of media convergence.

　　Leveraging the new media platform to amplify the traditional advantages of paper media.

　　"Two years ago, we also had the worry of’ wearing a necklace if it is done well, but wearing a chain if it is not done well’." At the meeting, the person in charge of the operation team of Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, revealed that at the beginning of its establishment, Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, also encountered a netizen’s vomit: "What is the People’s Daily doing in this place of Weibo?"

　　On July 22nd, 2012, Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, went online urgently, closely followed the development of the situation and took the lead in disclosing the list of victims. According to scholars’ observation, "On the night of heavy rain in Beijing, the decibel of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China organ newspaper overshadowed many market-oriented media and became a powerful public opinion guide in emergencies."

　　In the past two years, Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, has adhered to the position of "authoritative voice, mainstream value and fresh expression", participated in, communicated with and recorded the times in sincere communication with netizens, initially established the image of "authority, rationality, integrity and affinity", and gradually became the promoter and promoter of positive energy in the eyes of netizens.

　　With the help of Weibo platform, the traditional advantages of People’s Daily have been enhanced and amplified. The original commentary columns of "Hello, Tomorrow" and "People’s Micro-comments" are unique in the public opinion field in Weibo with their fresh writing style and unique perspective.

　　"Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, has become the strongest voice in Weibo’s public opinion field, and a leader in Weibo with speed, depth, breadth, strength and coverage." In the crash of Malaysia Airlines, Chen Tong, executive vice president and editor-in-chief of Sina, "counted twice" Weibo, the first issue of People’s Daily, which was forwarded more than 120,000 times. Sina internally boils down to "the ability to make good use of Weibo topic products, highlight events and drive Weibo to forward through rolling reports".

　　In the view of Professor Yu Guoming of China Renmin University, Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, has completed three aspects of transformation and change: "Be reasonable and more emotional; Value, but also charm; Talk about self-confidence and more about public trust. "

　　Up to now, Weibo, a legal person of People’s Daily, has more than 46.11 million fans on People’s Daily, Sina.com and Tencent.com, ranking first in all media accounts in Weibo. On the Sina platform alone, the total reading volume has exceeded 20 billion times since the blog was opened, and the average number of reviews of a single Weibo has exceeded 5,000 times.

　　Ren Xianliang, deputy director of the National Internet Information Office, believes that new media should strengthen content innovation, "be closer to the masses, be more civilian and grassroots, and pay more attention to temperature." This is exactly what Weibo, the legal person of People’s Daily, has been insisting for a long time.

　　Convergence wins users by two-wheel drive of content and technology

　　Experts attending the meeting believe that in order to win the future, media development must strengthen user awareness, and take the possession, development and gathering of users as an important starting point, which runs through the whole process and all aspects of media integration and development.

　　"Whoever masters the user will win the world." Zhou Hongyi, chairman of Qihoo 360, lamented his entrepreneurial experience. "All business models are based on a huge user base." On the Internet, you have hundreds of millions of users, and history has proved that you must have a way to find a profit model.

　　Wang Wenbin, general manager of china network television, recently realized this deeply. During the World Cup in Brazil, the CBox CCTV audio-visual client launched by CCTV. com had more than 40 million new installations, and 150 million people watched the World Cup through this "all-round live artifact". In his view, the deepening of network integration has brought about the explosive growth of CCTV audio and video downloads.

　　In the view of Tian Shubin, president of Xinhuanet, the battlefield of the current user dispute is undoubtedly in the mobile Internet. He used the word "noisy growth" to describe the great changes in cmnet in recent three years.

　　In the information age, the leading role of technology development is beyond doubt.

　　"On the one hand, content is king, but at the same time, how to spread better content depends on new forms of expression and new means of communication." Ren Xianliang said in his speech.

　　Cloud computing, big data, smart terminals, these are the words frequently mentioned by the guests. "One-time collection, multiple generation and multiple communication" is the channel integration under the background of media integration. "This requires big data, and the core of big data is to calculate everything that can be calculated." Shenyang, a professor at Tsinghua University, said.

　　Ceng Liang, vice president of Baidu, introduced the latest exploration in the field of artificial intelligence. Using computer projects to simulate the human brain, the current "Baidu brain" is probably equivalent to the intelligence level of a two-or three-year-old child. He cited the picture recognition technology as an example, and there are many information about missing people in Weibo. If you see a street child, the photo taken with your mobile phone will be automatically recognized by the program and automatically connected with the background database of government departments, so as to identify whether the street child belongs to a missing child.

　　"The advantages of content are not static, and technological innovation is not once and for all. We must keep a close eye on the forefront of technology, aim at the development trend, constantly lead the development of integration with new technologies and applications, and embark on a road of integrated development with two-wheel drive of content and technology. " This passage became the consensus of the participants.

　　Develop all-media from a newspaper to websites, WeChat and clients.

　　Relying on Sina and Tencent, People’s Daily has gained many fans on social platforms such as Weibo and WeChat. Liao Kun, president of People’s Daily, lamented that nowadays, when it comes to websites, People’s Daily has People’s Daily, Overseas Network and World Wide Web. Speaking of Weibo, there are People’s Daily legal person Weibo, People’s Daily legal person Weibo, and Global Times legal person Weibo; Speaking of WeChat, there are People’s Daily WeChat, People’s Daily Comment WeChat, and "Learning Group" and "Chivalrous Island"; Speaking of the mobile terminal, there is the People’s Daily client and the People’s Mobile Network.

　　On June 12, the brand-new People’s Daily client was officially launched. In more than a month, the number of independent downloads by users exceeded 4.1 million and the number of active users exceeded 400,000. Today’s People’s Daily has grown from a newspaper in the past to 10 kinds of carriers such as newspapers, magazines, websites, Weibo, WeChat, clients, mobile newspapers, mobile phone networks, Internet TV and electronic newspaper reading columns, which basically covers all kinds of existing forms of communication.

　　"To share everything that can be shared, to be a new media must have such a sense." Shenyang said.

　　"Integration and development should never be carried out behind closed doors, but we should have the awareness of leveraging development." Yang Zhenwu, president of People’s Daily, said that we will be more open and explore flexible and diverse ways of cooperation in terms of content, technology, channels, management and investment. We will further broaden our horizons, give full play to the advantages of People’s Daily in the industry layout and industrial structure, form a new communication model and business model, and explore a way for the integration and development of traditional media and emerging media.

　　People’s Daily (12th edition, July 23rd, 2014)

The apple tree is the first in the tree world, and it exists at the beginning of everything. Whether it is the "forbidden fruit" in the Garden of Eden or the "golden apple" in ancient Greece, if we want to explore the source of culture, apples can’t be bypassed.

Nowadays, the "Apple", which lacks a bite, has strongly intervened and changed our lives in another way.

So why apples?

This article is selected from Chapter 17, Apple Tree, of Trees that Live for a Long Time.

01

Those famous apples and apple trees

In Song of Solomon, the apple tree is the most desirable tree in the forest, the lover’s love nest and pantry, and every breath of lovers carries the fragrance of apples. In the eyes of the Greeks, it is a tree of love and discord, because when faced with three goddesses who all thought the golden apple should belong to them, Paris made a difficult choice. He thought it belonged to Avelot Dite, the god of love. The rejected goddess Hera and Athena launched revenge and quickly escalated into an all-consuming conflict, which enabled Paris to win Helen of Troy in the disastrous Trojan War, but lost everything else.

Apple trees nourish both love and hatred, as you can see from the way the fruit grows. An apple that grows on a tree usually has a chubby cheek bathed in the late summer sun, and the other cheek is against a rough branch, pale and green. The sun plays a role in ripening and adding happiness to the branches of apples.

Apple is not only a close friend of the sun, but also the fruit of Poisonous Tree, which can grow rapidly in a heart full of repressed anger and jealousy. There is something about this kind of tree that produces perfect spherical fruit, which is suitable for the palm of your hand to grasp. We know this from the story of Snow White when we were very young. Under the shiny and lovely red skin, we sometimes find bug eyes, salamanders and completely rotten fruit stones. Not every bite is as sweet as it promises.

A falling apple seems to represent the end of vibrant beauty, which is a happy moment and a moment when everything has lost its future. In fact, however, a falling apple often means the beginning.

In 1665, isaac newton abandoned his research at Cambridge University because of the plague outbreak and returned to his family farm in Lincolnshire. In this season, a large number of apples in the orchard is a common sight, but in this year, he looked at it with a brand-new eye. Why did the apple fall to the ground? Why not fly into the sky or fly around sideways in the orchard? For this clever young mathematician, a quiet hour under that apple tree brought enlightenment and change. It was a tree of wisdom, a lucky fall, because the movement mode of the whole solar system was suddenly exposed in this fruit that was blown down by the wind.

Newton’s apple tree grew to a very old age and finally succumbed to gravity and collapsed in 1820, but the orchard survived and became a monument to the tenacious vitality of this apple tree. A branch of the fallen old tree has now grown into a stout old tree, which still bears many red apples every autumn. This ancient variety is called "Flower of Kent", and the fruit will change from green to orange and then to red during the ripening process.

Apple tree in front of Newton’s dormitory

The original tree left a small piece of wood, and now it is made into a snuff bottle and displayed in the manor house, just like some kind of sacred relic. There is a huge clock in the nearby isaac newton Shopping Center in Grantham. Every time the clock strikes the hour, a red plastic apple will ring the clock, scaring a sleeping lion and unsuspecting tourists. During the comprehensive reconstruction of this shopping center, the viability of this tree was severely tested, but the lion, the apple and the clock are still there. )

When the rainbow trademark composed of an apple and a leaf became the famous logo of the first batch of personal computers, which linked the era of gigabytes with the great Newton scientific revolution, Apple’s position as a tree of knowledge was further consolidated.

This symbol was also interpreted as a tribute to alan turing, who was an expert in code decoding, a computer pioneer and a homosexual. Homosexuality was illegal in Britain at that time, and his suicide in 1954 was related to the excessive pressure caused by it. When he was found, his body was lying next to a poisonous apple, which was bitten, just like the apple that Snow White had bitten.

Stills from the movie The Imitation Game.

This trademark may also be related to the youth revolution in the 1960s, because when Steve Jobs was 13 years old, his favorite band set up their Apple Record Company.

The Beatles presented their "Apple Company" to the business community, making this apple a symbol of youth culture. The hosts of pop music programs liked the first record released by this company with an Australian green apple as its trademark, because Hey, Zude was the longest single at that time, and the playing time of more than seven minutes allowed them to seize the time to have a cup of coffee before the end of "NaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNaNa". The song on the B side of this record is Revolution. The Beatles’ fans made fresh preparations and flocked to the Apple store in Baker Street, only to find that they could not afford most of the things sold there, thus exposing the defects of this business model.

In the mythical kingdom of eternal youth, everyone eats apples, at least the ancient Celts thought so. This kind of fruit grows very luxuriantly in the mysterious Avalon Island. According to Tennyson’s imagination, there are "deep meadows, happiness and beauty, orchards and lawns everywhere". King Arthur, who was seriously injured and dying, was sent to this paradise island for healing.

Stills of TV series "The Legend of Merlin"

In the eyes of the Vikings, the powerful male elite gods also relied on Eden’s lovely apples to stop aging and death. The apple tree’s long-term connection with youth may be related to its relatively short life. Unlike oak or yew, apple trees often don’t live for 30 years. Before their slow-growing British compatriots really start to exert their strength, they grow rapidly and then fall down. They age at an alarming rate and become susceptible to unfortunate diseases, such as apple rot and scab. Even a healthy tree has rough brown bark, and its branches stretch at strange angles, as if it had hunched before it was old.

All the advantages of this tree seem to converge on the flawless red rose fruit. Some apple trees do live to be 80 years old, 100 years old or longer, but once these old and decaying trees stop bearing fruit and start to drop branches, there are not many days left.

02

The variety name of apple, alsofull ofstory

In the celebration of the 50th anniversary of Queen Elizabeth’s accession to the throne in 2002, only two old apple trees were included in the list of 50 "Great Britain Trees" by the Forestry Commission. One was Newton’s apple tree with great historical significance, and the other was the first "Green Treasure" apple tree in Southwell, Nottinghamshire.

Although Mary Ann Brailsford first cultivated this kind of apple tree with a seed during the Napoleonic Wars, Britain’s favorite cooking apple was named after the butcher Mr. Bramley, who bought Mary’s cottage garden in the year when Queen Victoria ascended the throne and saw the first batch of green apples swell on the branches. The real potential of this apple was soon discovered by the meriwether family, who owned a local nursery, quickly collected cuttings from Mr. Butcher’s tree and built an orchard.

The success of these apples is commensurate with their size, and their names are now well known, which also proves that an apple tree can become eternal in many different ways. The reputation of the "Green Treasure" apple could not protect the future of the tree, and it fell to the ground a few years later. However, the new roots and branches from the old trunk and a more enthusiastic owner made it enjoy fame and fortune again.

Since apple trees flourish and fall so fast, we might think that they reproduce quickly. In fact, few apple trees grow from seeds, because apple trees are heterozygotes, and their seedlings are generally very different from their parents.

Although Mary Ann Brailsford has achieved great success, it is unlikely that a tree cultivated with seeds will grow into a healthy and fruitful adult tree, which I discovered from a gardening experiment I did in my childhood. After planting some apple cores with great enthusiasm, I watched them grow into beautiful saplings first, and then gradually become stunted and distorted, which is not so much a tree as a poor imitation of it. There is indeed a tree that lived to adulthood, but it is by no means the tall, upright and fruitful tree I hope to see.

More experienced growers know that the best way to breed apple trees is to cut scions from healthy trees, that is, small branches, and then graft them on rootstocks. Through the hybridization of different varieties, new varieties of apples are constantly cultivated. The great apple tree belonging to Paul barnett made the news in 2013, because there are 250 different kinds of apples growing on it, all grafted on its hospitable branches. This amazingly lush crown is covered with bright fruits and the Yangtze River Delta-shaped Caiqi Yang with the name of each variety, which is so heavy that the trunk can hardly bear it, so each branch is supported by a stick. As a result, a strange, angular shadow appeared under this lush apple tree.

Apple trees are by no means an eternal part of British culture. On the contrary, apple trees have been changing in one way or another. Shakespeare once enjoyed an ancient ribbed apple named "Costard Apple", but when Richard Cox completely abandoned his wine-making business in 1820 and began to concentrate on cultivating apples in a manor near Slough, this Costard apple was basically extinct.

Like the fate of most famous apple trees, Cox’s first "orange peel flat" apple tree was blown down in 1911, but at the same time, the demand for these delicious dessert apples has been so great that it has many flourishing offspring. The display of different apple varieties is likely to be like a family gathering. "Stemme Pippin" is probably the hybrid offspring of "Libston Pippin" apple and a peerless apple.

Apple cultivation, regardless of rank, thrives in cottage gardens and big estates. Although the name of "Brenim Orange" is noble, it was actually first cultivated by a worker in Oxfordshire. Besides the orchard, where else can you see the grenadiers, Duke of Devonshire, Lord lambourn, Lord Burleigh, Prince of Wales, Anne Elizabeth, Reverend William Crump, and Australian Green Apple (literally "Granny Smith") together? (But the "Australian green apple" in the British orchard may taste sour, because it needs the sunshine from Australia to sweeten it. )

In addition to these wise and meticulous cultivation, lucky discoveries have always existed. For example, Beth Poole was named after the daughter of an innkeeper, and one day she found this sapling in the forest. Apple’s history is full of hard struggle and accidents, but there are also many stories about someone finding potential in an unremarkable young apple tree. Apple’s variety name is also full of stories behind it, but be careful, "Adams Pearman" has nothing to do with the world’s first gardener, it is named after Mr. Robert Adams. Moreover, if you think that the "Newton miracle" has something to do with Sir Isaac, it is all wet. It was first cultivated by Newton, the king of Derbyshire.

So there is nothing particularly "natural" about apple trees. Even their mature contours are often artificial. People like pruning apple trees, as if they can learn a trick or two with a little patience. But you’re right. After pruning by skilled hands, these apple trees can take on the most surprising shapes, such as pyramids, wine glasses, V-shaped armbands or peacock tails. The branches of the wall-type apple tree extend outward from the middle like a huge green seesaw. The name of this pruning method comes from the word "shoulder", because these oversized branches need support most when they reach the height of the shoulder. Pruning is not only for the pursuit of novel shapes, but also makes picking easier, ensuring that fruits grow more evenly and are fully irradiated by sunlight to achieve full coloring.

03

Apples also mean health and life support.

Apples have always been a basic and affordable food, whether they are eaten raw directly from trees or baked in pies, puffs, amber apple pies or pasta. In Britain, people who couldn’t afford a stove used to take apple dishes to the local bakery for cooking. These dishes need to be marked so as not to make someone angry because they took them wrong. Even bitter-tasting wild apples are seasonal gifts. They come from beautiful native wild apple trees and can be made into jam with sandwiches or meat dishes.

When I was a child, I always smelled jam when I came home from school at the end of September. My mother was busy cooking wild apples and slowly squeezed the thick dark pink jelly out of the homemade jam filter bag. The predecessor of this filter bag is an old pillowcase, which is tightly tied to the leg of an upturned curved wooden dining chair and hung in mid-air. Apples are rich in pectin, which is the favorite source of gel for vegetarians, so wild apple pulp can easily solidify into translucent sunset color in jars. Apple pectin can also help prunes, blackberries and green tomatoes to form jams and chutneys.

Apple pie

The ancient method of ripening tomatoes is to put an apple in a bag of tomatoes, which should be very effective, because apples naturally release a plant hormone-ethylene. However, some apple varieties have the opposite effect on human beings. Stem cells from a rare Swiss apple variety have been used to stimulate the growth of human skin and reduce wrinkles. Researchers are still exploring the effects of apples on preventing certain cancers and vascular diseases, as well as anti-aging.

An apple a day may become a prescription drug in the 21st century. With a smooth face and a body without pain, this dream is a modern version of the eternal country of youth, and the apple is still hanging there, inspiring us a new way to enter heaven. When those people throw the peeled apple peels behind their shoulders to learn the initials of their future spouses, who would have thought that these apple peels would later be found to contain triterpenes, an anticancer chemical?

Healthy, life-sustaining apples may look British, but this tree bearing edible fruit came to England with the Romans, who planted sweet orchards wherever they went. Apple is also the basis of American identity, not just for new york.

The legendary "Johnny Apple Seed" planted his nursery all over the eastern states, and constructed the myth of a strong, healthy and hard-working typical American farmer. For a family full of maternal love and apple pie, this is the image of an ideal father. However, by tracing the genome of apples, we now know that the ancestors of all domesticated apples in the world are Xinjiang wild apples, a native species in Kazakhstan. Almaty, the capital of Kazakhstan, means "the city of apples", and the ancient wild orchards growing on the surrounding hillsides may soon be officially recognized as world heritage sites.

Apple seed Johnny

Today, thousands of varieties are marked on the world apple map, and this map also records the changes of consumer trends. As people’s tastes change, commercial fruit crops will also change. Nowadays, the most popular apple in Britain is "Gala" from New Zealand, which tastes very sweet. Exciting fruit-flavored sparkling wine has been popular recently, which has promoted a large-scale tree planting plan. We may think of more traditional cider brewers, pushing their beautiful juicers from orchard to orchard to squeeze out the last juice in summer. In the barn where the smell of sweat and ripe apples is strong, apple pickers are paid cider, which is not helpful for them to speed up their work.

In contrast, modern fruit cultivation has become a highly commercialized and highly efficient mechanized industry. In 2012, international competition led to the introduction of new laws to protect special regional products in the European Union. As a designated product, Herefordshire cider can only be brewed with locally produced bitter apple juice, such as Brown Nose, Norman in Bulmer, Chisel Jersey or Kingston Black. These varieties are unlikely to be confused with French wine apples, but "Norman in Bulmer" reminds us that English apples and French apples share the same blood.

Changes in tastes and commercial pressures mean that many old varieties with interesting names have almost disappeared in Britain, but now people are trying to preserve traditional orchards. London is unlikely to be the birthplace of Apple’s initiative, but in October 1999, the city held its first "Apple Day". In an exciting few hours, the British charity Common Position reused Covent Garden, which is dedicated to restoring the connection between commodities and nature and emphasizing regional specificity.

"Apple Day" aims to raise people’s awareness of caring for orchards by holding such a folk festival that reminds people of old England and is about to be forgotten. This is a festival for fruit growers, and it is held for those who love the prospect of rural life, and those who eat healthy food and are eager to be closer to nature.

"Apple Day" is St George’s Day in the new era. People from all political factions and social classes get together every year to enjoy apple pie and cider. Rich apple varieties have become a perfect symbol of regional characteristics and sharing spirit, so this festival is now blooming all over the country, but the specific date varies slightly due to different local varieties and picking time: in the middle of Wales, it is in mid-September, and in the Scottish border, it is in early October. Even the chopped apple tree sawdust is added to the festival to cook the barbecue with apple flavor.

Those who are not so interested in all vegetarian stalls and the "apple souffle" that emphasizes natural health and sprinkled with apple seeds will fall in love with bacon smoked with apple wood. Such bold traditional innovation may attract questioning eyes, but it will also make people admire apple growers’ keen market vision and their determination to remind modern consumers where their daily diet comes from.

04

The fruit of midsummer indicates that the days will get better.

In children’s eyes, apple has been inseparable from the computer industry, but with the help of this electronic product with the same name as the fruit tree, they can see the apple pickers in Kashmir or Chile, and then think about how much labor has been invested in the six clean and beautiful apples on the supermarket shelves. An apple has established direct contact with people in different parts of the earth. Before the end of apartheid in South Africa, the "Australian Green Apple" from this country was not popular in many parts of Europe.

However, an eternal question is, for those who work in orchards, is boycotting fruits helping them or harming their interests? You can still learn a lot from apples that are not electronic products. Staying under an apple tree for an hour not only sows the seeds of farmers and gardeners, but also cultivates future botanists, chemists, physicists, artists, economists, political scientists or business giants.

Apple logo

When you see growing apples in a real orchard, it is not difficult to understand this kind of fruit in the refrigerator. You can tell when an apple can be picked with a slight twist. If it is ripe, the fruit stalk will automatically loosen, so that the apple can be detached from the tree and held firmly in your palm; If you don’t pick them at the right time, the apples will pour down like cricket and bruise when they land. They often hide in the long grass and wait quietly until someone feels a brown sticky thing crushed under their feet.

These trees provide a way to explore nature and talk to all our senses. We can touch the rough bark, smell the ripe fruit, and listen to the buzzing of bees or the drumming of woodpeckers on dead branches. The ancient orchard is a paradise for some of the rarest and most beautiful species. Although the giant crowned salamander or scarab may be hidden out of sight, a small brown woodfinch may be crawling up and down the trunk slowly. On a moonlit night in September, you can even see a badger with a light-colored back eating fallen fruit, or a fox sticking out its long and elegant mouth to bite the fruit on the lower branch.

Of course, the charm of apple trees does not only appear in autumn. In Van Gogh’s eyes, the most important thing is apple blossom, and the most ugly deformed branches suddenly become beautiful, which means creativity. The petals, which are light in color and as light as down, suddenly open and breathtaking in beauty, which can cover the roughest and gnarled old trees with brilliant clouds. Earlier, when the dawn began to fall, you seemed to see these trees yawning, stretching their bodies and shaking their twigs. The buds on the tree seemed a little uncertain at first, but they gradually lit up every branch regardless of the lingering threat of frost, just like a sleepy smile blooming into a bright but firm smile. This seasonal commotion is presented in C. Under the bright green sky, butterfly-like flowers seem to be dancing with twisted branchlets.

Still Life and Apple, Van Gogh

CamillePissarro described the apple trees in picardie again and again, and he was deeply awed by the splendid dressing in spring, the lush in summer and the naked silhouette in winter. As white as a cotton shirt in spring, it has the same atmosphere as warm and mottled apricot yellow and dark yellow in autumn. Pissarro’s apple-centered world is a busy pastoral, with the emphasis on crooked branches and heavy wheelbarrows. But in the fields around the French island region, these very unique fruit trees are the real regional characteristics.

When the British war painter Paul Nash arrived in northern France in 1917, the scenery was completely different. He wrote a letter to his wife in the trench, describing a French village after being destroyed by war. "In the bright trees and the remaining orchards, there are piles of bricks, overturned roofs and only half of the houses left." Nash described the damaged orchard. In the amazing picture, the crown of the tree was blown off, the outline of the trunk was like broken glass, and the apple tree became a dark and twisted image, reaching out helplessly to the sun. These emotional paintings by him most powerfully show the absolute fear caused by World War I, and depend on people’s common understanding of the true meaning of apple trees.

This is a tree that should grow quietly in France, Britain and Germany, so that the new generation of young people in these places can pick, eat or drink their fruits, just like their fathers and grandfathers. The apple tree is a tree of life, but it is also a tree of knowledge, which makes people distinguish between good and evil and bears fruits that human beings can’t resist and possess regardless of the consequences. The destroyed orchard shows what the survivors of shell-shocked patients can’t say. What new beginning can there be in this ugly and barren ruin?

Nevertheless, there is still a deep and eternal desire to regain heaven and start over. Dylan Thomas was born just after the war broke out in 1914, but when he looked back on his childhood, he remembered that he had spent an idyllic childhood under the apple tree, and his heart was full of happiness. Here, the apple tree is not blamed, it shines in the eternal glory of lost youth. When the poet wrote this poem in 1945 and looked back on his early years as the "Prince of Appletown" with nostalgia, he had clearly realized the chain of time.

Rosie and Cider, written by Lori Li, translated by Zhu Lanlan/Zhouyi, Jiangsu Literature and Art Publishing House.

Rosie and Cider is a memoir of Laurie Lee’s childhood in the Cotswolds in the 1920s. The title comes from his first experience of tasting cider: "Those valleys, the golden juice of that time, the taste of this wine comes from wild orchards, from reddish-brown summer, from full red apples, and Rosie’s hot cheeks." This is a vivid personal record, not only of childhood, but also of intoxicating apples growing in heaven. People born after the war still show the same impulse to the Garden of Eden and regain their youth and innocence. No matter how much chance they have, no matter how much they pay, no matter what ruins are around them, they must start again.

In 1939, the war shook Europe again, but in the sound of gunfire and air raid alarms, people continued to quietly plant fruit trees and harvest fruits. Adrian Bell’s An Acre of Apples recorded a small farm in Suffolk during the Blitzkrieg, which also proved that apples are full of resistance and remain young forever. With the implementation of wartime rationing system, home-grown fruits have become vital to survival, and apples that can sustain life also have special value. When the British are trapped in the ice and snow and wandering on the unknown border of hell, the apples taken out of the storage box will be redder and brighter than when they were first loaded. These shiny fruits remind people of the summer time and also indicate that the days will be better. The apple tree means starting point, childhood and Eden, but it also means enlightenment, experience and future. If apple trees are often blamed for human misfortunes, they still have the extraordinary ability to continue to grow and let us start over.

This article is excerpted from

Trees that have lived for a long time

Author: [English] Fiona Stafford

Translator: Wang Chen/Wang Weiting

Producer: Unread Exploration Plus

Press: Beijing United Publishing Company

Publication year: May, 2019

Edit | Aries

Editor | Wei Bingxin

　　Beijing, April 27, 2007 (Reporter Yang Sen) According to the News and Newspapers Summary of China Voice of China, the Central Radio and Television General Station, many foreign trade enterprises actively resumed production due to the global COVID-19 epidemic, and suffered from the difficulties and challenges of order cancellation and short-term decline in external demand. Relevant departments and local governments have introduced a series of measures to help foreign trade enterprises expand the domestic market.2020-04-27 news and newspaper abstracts > > >

　　Zhejiang Yueli Electric Appliance Co., Ltd. is the world’s largest manufacturer of hairdressing products. In the first two months, the company has been worried about the uncertainty of foreign orders. After turning to domestic sales, the sales of hair dryers and curling irons of Yueli Electric Appliances have doubled. Since the Spring Festival, the company’s domestic sales have exceeded 100 million yuan.

　　Fang Guohong, Chairman of Yueli Electric Appliance Co., Ltd.: Now the domestic demand market in China is really very big, including our personal care electrical appliance industry, which is growing at 20% every year.

　　While foreign trade enterprises use the e-commerce platform to release new kinetic energy and find new growth points, the government also takes action.

　　Yan Jieqing, Chief of Digital Economy Section of Cixi Economic and Information Bureau, Zhejiang Province: Encourage foreign trade enterprises with manufacturing strength to actively cooperate with domestic Internet enterprises. If the sales in that year reach 10 million on the platform, we will make up 5% of the sales amount.

　　At present, a series of national policies to stabilize foreign trade have also accelerated: full tax refund for 1464 products; Add a number of cross-border electronic commerce comprehensive experimental areas; For the first time, the Canton Fair was held online to escort enterprises to cope with the crisis.

　　Bai Ming, deputy director of the International Market Institute of the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce: Enterprises should pay attention to the establishment of R&D and marketing channels, and government departments should also help enterprises and provide them with various information and financial support. Enterprises and the state should work together.

Data map: VAT electronic ordinary invoice. (Photo courtesy of Zhejiang Provincial State Taxation Bureau) Photo by Zhong Xin, a reporter from China News Service

　　BEIJING, June 14 (Xinhua) According to the website of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, the General Office of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China released a document today to interpret the Announcement of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China on Matters Related to the First Application of VAT Invoices by Newly-established Taxpayers. The full text is as follows:

　　— — What is the background of this announcement?

　　In order to further deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform of the tax system, optimize the tax business environment, and facilitate newly-established taxpayers to apply for VAT invoices for the first time, according to the requirements of the State Council on further shortening the start-up time of enterprises, the State Administration of Taxation issued this announcement to shorten the time for newly-established taxpayers to apply for VAT invoices for the first time.

　　— — How long can it take for newly-established taxpayers to apply for VAT invoices for the first time?

　　At the same time, when a newly-established taxpayer who meets the following conditions applies for a VAT invoice for the first time, the competent tax authorities shall complete it within 2 working days from the date of accepting the application, and the competent tax authorities with conditions shall complete it on the same day:

　　(a) the taxpayer’s tax personnel and legal representative have collected and verified the real-name information (the scope of taxpayers who need to collect and verify the real-name information of the legal representative is determined by the provincial tax authorities);

　　(two) taxpayers have the need to issue VAT invoices and take the initiative to apply for invoices;

　　(three) taxpayers in accordance with the provisions of the tax control equipment distribution and other matters.

　　— — What tax-related matters do newly-established taxpayers mainly include when applying for VAT invoices for the first time?

　　Newly-established taxpayers applying for VAT invoices for the first time mainly include tax-related matters such as the verification of invoice types, the examination and approval of the maximum invoicing limit of special VAT invoices (VAT tax control system), the initial issuance of special equipment for VAT tax control system, and the receipt of invoices.

　　— — For the first time, a newly-established taxpayer applies for a VAT invoice. What is the maximum billing limit and the maximum number of recipients per month?

　　The tax authorities shall verify the invoice types for newly-established taxpayers who apply for VAT invoices for the first time as stipulated in Article 1 of this announcement. The maximum invoicing limit of special VAT invoices shall not exceed 100,000 yuan, and the maximum number of recipients per month shall not exceed 25; The maximum invoice value-added tax invoice is no more than 100,000 yuan, and the maximum number of recipients per month is no more than 50. The provincial tax authorities can, within this range, determine the approval criteria for the first application of VAT invoices by newly-established taxpayers according to the degree of tax risk of taxpayers.

　　— — When will this announcement come into force?

　　In areas other than Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet, this announcement shall come into force on August 1, 2018; Xinjiang, Qinghai and Tibet will come into force on October 1, 2018.

　　On May 16th, the reporter learned from the press conference of COVID-19 epidemic prevention and control in Guang ‘an City, Sichuan Province that, in order to ensure social zero clearing in the shortest time and block the virus transmission chain, nucleic acid testing will be carried out in Linshui County for three consecutive days from May 16th.

　　It is reported that since May 9th, Guang ‘an has reported a total of 34 local confirmed cases and 467 local asymptomatic infections (463 cases in Linshui County). May 15th 0— At 24: 00, Guang ‘an reported 14 new confirmed cases and 69 new asymptomatic infections (67 cases in Linshui County).

　　It is understood that on 15th, Guang ‘an City dispatched medical personnel, party member cadres, militiamen and volunteers from the whole city to help neighboring waters, and strived to achieve social clearing in the shortest time.

　　Luo Ronghong, the second researcher of Guang ‘an Health and Wellness Committee, introduced that the new round of global full-scale nucleic acid testing in Linshui County was divided into 26 districts, 681 sampling points and 2,159 sampling stations. By 15: 00 on the 16th, 495,143 nucleic acid samples had been collected on the first day except for the sealed control area and the control area.

　　At present, in accordance with the principle of "stopping classes and teaching", more than 380,000 primary and secondary school students in Guang ‘an have switched to online teaching except the third grade. (Reporter Chen Di, Dong Xiaohong)

CCTV News:The Lunar New Year is approaching. In Luzhou, Sichuan, many citizens have also begun to prepare for the New Year’s goods, and some festive decorations are naturally indispensable.

The reporter came to Area 5 of Southwest Trade City, where red lanterns were hung high at the door of every shop, creating a festive scene of prosperity. Walking into the store, all kinds of decorations such as Spring Festival couplets, blessings, New Year pictures, palace lanterns and Chinese knots are available.

Sichuan Luzhou merchants:Chinese New Year is usually lanterns, couplets, as well as blessings, pendants and peppers. All the strings are there. Now the sales volume is better, or couplets, blessings and strings.

Sichuan Luzhou merchants:This kind of tiger with bags carries three bells, and these bags are also easier to sell. This tiger painting posted on the door and on the window is also easy to sell. These red envelopes and Happy New Year are also easy to sell.

The prosperous decorations are filled with the full flavor of the year, and the dazzling array of ornaments has earned everyone’s attention, attracting many citizens to stop and choose.

Citizens of Luzhou, Sichuan:The Chinese New Year still needs a Chinese New Year atmosphere, with blessings and lanterns. Everyone is happy and beaming during the Chinese New Year.

　　[New Car Illustration] The name Spyker is extremely strange to most Chinese people, and it can’t be associated with anything. To tell the truth, before that, I only had a superficial understanding of Spyker. In my impression, Spyker brand has a long history but has disappeared for more than half a century. After the resurrection of the 21st century, it launched a classic legendary model, which was hand-built and designed uniquely, which seemed out of place among a group of super-runners who took pleasure in challenging the speed limit. Some time ago, Spyker exhibition hall of Spyker settled in Shanghai, and besides C8 Aileron, a new generation GT sports car of Spyker, there is also the spyker C8 Spyder collector’s edition that we actually shot today.

　　According to Spyker China, the current starting price of this model is about 3.8 million yuan, but usually the final price of the car owner after adding some personalized options is far more than that. The most difference between this model and the ordinary version of spyker C8 Spyder is the bright silver body. Since there happens to be a car in the shop, let’s show it to you through simple real shots. Of course, let’s review Spyker’s long history before entering the real shot.

More related links-

SPYKER Shanghai Exhibition Center officially settled in Xintiandi.
//www.autohome.com.cn/news/201106/211022.html

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■ Spyker History Review

　　In 1898, two Dutch carriage manufacturers, JACOBUS and HENDRIK-JAN)· SPIJKER, built their first car with an engine in Amsterdam. In the same year, in order to present the upcoming coronation ceremony of Wilhelmina, Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Spijker made the famous golden ceremony carriage, which was also used in various celebrations in the Netherlands in the 21st century.

　　In order to better adapt to foreign markets, they changed the "ij" in the middle of Spijker to "Y" and changed the company name to SPYKER. Spyker’s first car was officially launched in 1900, equipped with twin-cylinder 3hp and 5hp engines provided by Ben Ci. In 1903, Spyker 60 HP, which was extremely advanced at that time, was introduced. This is the world’s first car with six engines, constant four-wheel drive and four-wheel brake.

In 1907, the legendary SPYKER 14/18 HP passed through Moscow in the "Beijing-Paris Rally".

　　Before the First World War, the demand for luxury cars in the world began to decline. Nevertheless, Spyker successfully participated in the Beijing-Paris Rally in 1907 with its 18hp model and won the second place.

SPYKER 60 HP in 1903, the world’s first six-cylinder four-wheel drive car.

Spyker IV is the first plane designed entirely by Spyker, which uses a quick engine.

　　In 1914, SPYKER merged with Dutch Aircraft Manufacturing Co., Ltd. and began to develop and produce aircraft. During the World War II, Spyker Company produced 100 fighter planes and 200 aero engines.

　　In 1915, Spyker put forward the slogan of "persistent, strong and unimpeded", which has been used ever since. At the same time, a new company logo was introduced, which is the spoke wheel that we are familiar with later.

　　In 1922, Spyker introduced the simplified model 13/30 C1, but the sales volume was disappointing and fell into the edge. Although it continued to produce and sell at a reduced price, its business still plummeted. Until all the funds were exhausted in 1926, its final products were C2 two-ton trucks and C4 cars. The early Spyker Company produced and manufactured more than 2,000 cars.

"Spyker factory after rebirth"

　　In 2000, 75 years after the original company disappeared, Spyker regained its vitality. The new Spyker Automobile Company was founded in 1999 by Dutch businessmen Victor Muller and Maarten de Bruijn. Since 2000, we have been specialized in producing high-end sports cars, such as C8 and C8 Laviolette.

　　In 2009, Spyker planned to buy cars from General Motors, and reached an acquisition agreement on January 26th, 2010. The combination of Spyker and Saab makes Spyker Automobile Co., Ltd. an automobile enterprise that participates in the global automobile industry competition, in addition to the brand essence of aviation technology inheritance and unique and bold design shared by the two brands.

■ Motor racing

　　On September 9th, 2006, Spyker bought the Midland F1 team from Russian businessman Alex Shnaider. Spyker paid $106 million to transform it into Spyker F1 team and participated in the last three races of the 2006 season. As part of the transaction, the original car changed its painting in the last three races to participate in the competition.

　　Spyker Team Spyker Team is a competition team directly under the factory, participating in competitions such as Le Mans 24 Hours, Le Mans Series, FIA GT Championship and Cyberling 12 Hours. Spyker also provides racing cars for Spyker dealers in Switzerland and participates in various automobile competitions under the name of Spyker.

■ Spyker in the movie

Instinct 2

Ranger

　　If you have seen the action movie "Ranger" starring Jet Li, you must remember the car of the killer with extraordinary skills-the convertible version of spyker C8 Spyder. There is also Instinct II, in which Sharon Si Tong’s sexy interpretation and the luxury and speed of super sports cars are unforgettable. Spyker adds a lot of color to the two films.

　　Faced with increasingly stringent fuel consumption and emission requirements, the production of new energy vehicles has become the most effective solution for major automobile manufacturers. Electrification will be the core strategy of Volkswagen in the next 10 years. To this end, from 2020, Volkswagen will produce pure electric vehicles on MEB platform, taking into account plug-in hybrid vehicles, and will become the main production platform for new energy vehicles. This article will show you in a simple way: what technical characteristics the Volkswagen MEB platform has, which models will be born here, and how to understand the MEB platform for consumers and even the automobile industry.

　　What you need to know about platform concept

　　From the earliest PQ platform to the current MQB modular platform production mode, Volkswagen has become the first manufacturer in the automobile industry to put forward the concept of platform. In addition, its great success in the China market has not only made it the largest automobile company in the world, but also revolutionized the entire automobile industry with the concept of platform production. Modular platform production mode can keep the convenience of product technology upgrading, and can help the public shorten the development, production and listing cycle of automobiles and reduce manufacturing costs. The universality of MQB platform saves 20% of the manufacturing cost for Volkswagen Group.

　　Under the general trend of new energy, MEB platform will be built for the production of pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles from 2020, and become the main production platform for Volkswagen new energy vehicles. Compared with other brands’ practice of launching a single model, it is obvious that Volkswagen intends to achieve comprehensive coverage of all levels of models. In the next five years, Volkswagen expects that the pure electric vehicles produced can account for 20%-25% of the total sales, and the return on capital of the automobile business department will be raised to over 15%. According to the official data of Volkswagen, the manufacturing cost of the first model ID.3 of MEB platform is reduced by 40% compared with the e-Golf pure electric golf of MQB platform.

　　Technical characteristics of MEB platform

　　MEB platform is called "Modular Platform for Electric Vehicles", which is short for "Modular Electrification Toolkit" in German. MEB has many similarities with the current MBQ, which is based on the concept of Volkswagen modularization, and has strong expansibility. It can build different body wheelbase and different adjustment and cruising range according to the demand and positioning, but it has its own characteristics in layout structure due to the removal of the traditional internal combustion engine and the increase of power batteries.

　　The core components of MEB platform, such as battery pack and motor, are all set with fixed positions and modes. The battery is embedded in the bottom of the vehicle as a whole, and the axle module and the transmission system module are moved forward and backward as far as possible, so that the produced vehicle has a longer wheelbase and a shorter front and rear suspension, which maximizes the space and brings more cockpit space and a higher sitting posture.

　　The most important part of the power battery, Volkswagen independently developed the design of the battery Package. The basic structure of this battery Package can be used on all MEB platform models, and the number of battery modules can be freely allocated according to the size of the models. Each module is divided into 24 groups of batteries, and the modules, together with the cooling device and the junction box of the high and low voltage vehicle system, are wrapped in aluminum casings. The power battery voltage of the original MEB platform was fixed at 408 volts, which was much higher than the 230 volts of the existing new energy vehicles on the Volkswagen MQB platform.

　　The new platform takes into account the compatibility of the current mainstream flexible battery cells and prismatic batteries, so Volkswagen has maintained a very high degree of flexibility in cooperation with battery suppliers. Taking ID.3 as an example, the battery pack can accommodate up to 12 modules, and the usable capacity exceeds 77KWh；; The initial capacity of ID. which will be listed at the end of next year can reach 83KWh, and the future Volkswagen electric flagship ID.Vizzion can even reach 111KWh.

　　MEB modular platform processing has brought about changes in production technology, and will also configure the required software systems for its models to realize digitalization, networking and fully automatic driving. At present, it can achieve high compatibility with MQB platform models, and the upcoming Golf 8 is the latest model with digital and networked equipment.

　　What models will be available under MEB platform?

　　Volkswagen Group plans to launch more than 80 new energy vehicles by 2025, including 50 pure electric vehicles and 30 plug-in hybrid vehicles. The annual sales will reach 3 million vehicles, accounting for 20%-25% of the company’s total sales. Volkswagen’s three joint ventures in China, FAW-Volkswagen, SAIC-Volkswagen and JAC-Volkswagen, will be important supports to boost sales in China market.According to the planning of Volkswagen Group, by 2022, Changchun, Qingdao, Anting, Foshan and Yizheng will each have a new energy factory.

　　In 2020, it will be the first to launch ID.3 and ID. At first sight in the domestic market, and then it will launch Audi Q4 e-tron and Skoda VISION IV production version. Among them, ID. At first sight, it will be manufactured in Shanghai Anting Factory together with brothers of Audi and Skoda. As the flagship of the family, the production version of I.D.VizzionID.5It will be the first to be listed in China in 2022. This car is positioned as a medium-sized car. Foreign media speculated that ID.5 is likely to be the successor of Volkswagen Passat.

　　Volkswagen regards ID.3 as the third groundbreaking product after Beetle and Golf. ID.3 is the first pure electric vehicle developed by Volkswagen based on MEB platform.It can be seen as a pure electric version of golf.In the future, smaller models than ID.3 will be named ID.1 and ID.2, and larger models will continue to use this naming method until ID.9. It is reported that Volkswagen has also applied for trademark protection of the letter "X", which will be used for SUV models.

　　The I.D. series has appeared in a number of concept cars, namely, ID CROZZ II, ID Vizzion and ID BUGGY concept cars, except for domestic ones.ID.3, ID. Beyond the first sight,There will be many models in the I.D. series, among which the ID CROZZ II corresponds to the ID.4GTX. It will be an SUV with a dual-motor layout and a standard Tesla Model X.

　　At the latest, by 2030, more than 300 models of the Group’s brands covering all levels of the global market will launch at least one electric version. The "Roadmap E" strategy is an extension and upgrade of the electric product planning in the "2025" strategy, which will not only promote the electric product planning of Volkswagen Group, but also greatly accelerate the electrification process of the group’s vehicle lineup.

　　Not only MEB but also high-end PPE/JI.

　　Just as Volkswagen’s high-end luxury cars use MLB platform at present, in order to cope with future electrification, if MEB platform is the MQB platform for standard gasoline vehicles, then Volkswagen’s high-end gasoline vehicle platform MLB should also have a pure electric cousin-it is called PPE(Premium Platform Electric).

　　The PPE platform is jointly developed by Audi and Porsche. Its predecessor is Taycan, the first pure electric vehicle model of Porsche, and the Audi e-tron GT which will be mass-produced soon. In addition, there is a higher-end Bentley J1 pure electric platform. The PPE platform is expected to be launched in 2021, and its main technical highlights are also more advanced, including supporting air suspension, dynamic torque distribution, unsprung lightweight, 800-volt high-voltage power battery, and 350kW ultra-high power fast charging.

　　MEB will promote the upgrading of China auto parts industry.

　　China is undoubtedly Volkswagen’s largest market in the world, and Volkswagen also needs to accelerate the development of new energy vehicles on the basis of the existing product system. The brand-new platform can be completed not only by Volkswagen itself, but also by completely innovating the whole supplier system, which not only brings more new vehicle choices to domestic consumers, but also promotes the upgrading of China’s electric vehicle industry.

　　Just like the reform and development in the past, the introduction of the concept of automobile joint production has promoted the development of automobile supporting industries in an all-round way and made China the largest automobile production and consumption market. By 2025, Volkswagen and joint ventures will invest a total of about 10 billion euros in electrification, including the research and development and production of electric vehicle products and the update and application of equipment, production lines and battery modules, but excluding the purchase of batteries. Volkswagen also plans to invest 75 million US dollars to start the motor production and transformation work in the Volkswagen gearbox Tianjin factory in December 2018.

　　Summary: In the MQB era, Volkswagen has proved the advanced nature of modular production. Compared with Volkswagen, the brand-new MEB modular platform not only embraces the development trend of new energy, but also starts a new business for Volkswagen in the new period and continues to lead the development of Volkswagen. Every technological innovation will bring about the industrial upgrading of the whole industry. Compared with some brands that only introduce a few pure electric vehicles, Volkswagen’s approach is more systematic. The investment in research and development in the early stage and the turnaround of giants will bring greater domino effect, which will have a far-reaching impact on domestic auto parts industry and consumers, but also on future travel.

Press conference video

　　At 10: 00 on April 12, 2022, the Information Office of the Provincial Government held a press conference on tackling the key problems of pollution prevention and control in Henan Province in 2022.

　　Release content:This paper mainly introduces and interprets the implementation plan of the tough battle of air, water and soil pollution prevention and control in our province in 2022 and the tough battle of agricultural and rural pollution prevention and control, and answers questions from journalists and friends.

　　Published by:

　　Member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Department of Ecology and Environment of Wang Chaojun Province

　　Director, Water Ecological Environment Division, Department of Ecological Environment, Lili Province

　　Director, Atmospheric Ecological Environment Division, Zhoufeng Provincial Department of Ecological Environment

　　Director, Soil Ecological Environment Division, Department of Ecological Environment, Liu Shuqiang Province

　　Moderator:

　　Chang Yiyuan, Director of Press Release Office of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee

　　Chang Yiyuan, Director of Press Release Office of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee

　　Ladies and gentlemen, friends from the press,

　　Hello everyone! Welcome to the press conference held by the Information Office of Henan Provincial People’s Government.

　　In order to further promote the construction of ecological civilization, resolutely fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control, and constantly meet the people’s needs for a beautiful ecological environment, recently, with the consent of the provincial government, the Office of the Ecological Environment Protection Committee of Henan Province issued the "Implementation Plan for the Battle of Air, Water and Soil Pollution Prevention and Control in Henan Province in 2022 and the Battle of Agricultural and Rural Pollution Prevention and Control", which made a comprehensive arrangement for our province to further strengthen the ecological environment protection and fight the tough battle of pollution prevention and control. Today’s press conference will focus on introducing and interpreting the relevant situation of the "Program" and answering questions that the media are concerned about.

　　First of all, let me introduce the publisher who attended today’s press conference:

　　Mr. Wang Chaojun, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment;

　　Ms. Li Li, Director of Water Eco-environment Division of Provincial Eco-environment Department;

　　Mr. Zhou Feng, Director of Atmospheric Ecological Environment Division, Provincial Department of Ecological Environment;

　　Mr. Liu Shuqiang, Director of Soil Eco-environment Department of Provincial Eco-environment Department.

　　Next, please let Mr. Wang Chaojun introduce the relevant information of the Plan.

　　Wang Chaojun, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment.

　　Media friends:

　　Good morning everyone!

　　First of all, on behalf of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all journalists and friends for their long-term concern, support and reports on ecological civilization construction and pollution prevention and control. Below, I will briefly introduce the relevant situation of the "Program".

　　First, the background of the "Program"

　　A good ecological environment is the proper meaning of high-quality development, the green background of building a beautiful China, and the inherent requirement of realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council attached great importance to tackling the problem of pollution prevention and control. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the idea of fighting the battle of pollution prevention and control in depth. Last year, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Fighting the Battle of Pollution Prevention and Control in depth was issued (Zhongfa [2021] No.40). From the "resolutely fight" in the 13th Five-Year Plan to the "in-depth fight" in the 14th Five-Year Plan, the Party Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has consistently attached great importance to the tackling of pollution prevention and control. It is of great significance for the provincial party committee and government to fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, anchor the "two guarantees", implement the "ten strategies", coordinate the ecological environment protection and economic and social development, and promote the green and low-carbon transformation, so as to ensure the high-quality construction and high-level realization of modern Henan. 2022 is a crucial year to promote the implementation of the "14th Five-Year Plan" and fight the tough battle of pollution prevention in depth. Therefore, the Office of the Provincial Eco-environmental Protection Committee made overall planning, systematic planning and hierarchical promotion, and issued the "Implementation Plan for Fighting the Air, Water and Soil Pollution in Henan Province in 2022 and Fighting the Agricultural and Rural Pollution", which formed the top-level design framework and comprehensive and systematic "construction drawing" and "road map" for this year’s pollution prevention and control work.

　　Second, the overall thinking and main objectives of the "Program"

　　On the whole, the four plans adhere to the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the previous plenary sessions of the 19th National Congress, fully implement the ecological civilization thought of the Supreme Leader and the important guiding spirit of the important speech of the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader’s inspection of Henan, fully and accurately implement the new development concept based on the new development stage, integrate and serve the new development pattern, and adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability. Focusing on the implementation of the strategic deployment of "a strong ecological province" and the objectives and tasks of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, focusing on improving the quality of the ecological environment, taking the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the starting point, insisting on precise pollution control, scientific pollution control and pollution control according to law, realizing the two-way promotion and mutual promotion of high-standard protection of the ecological environment and high-quality economic development, laying a solid foundation for deepening the tough battle of pollution prevention and building a beautiful Henan where man and nature coexist harmoniously. It mainly highlights three characteristics.

　　First, adhere to the people-centered development thinking. The "Proposal" takes improving the quality of the ecological environment and constantly meeting the people’s growing needs for a beautiful ecological environment as the starting point and the end result. Focusing on the outstanding ecological environment problems that the masses are concerned about, it plans governance measures in depth and strives to enhance people’s sense of happiness, acquisition and security in improving the ecological environment.

　　Second, adhere to the realization of pollution reduction and carbon reduction synergy as the overall starting point. The "Plan" takes pollution reduction and carbon reduction as the starting point, adheres to the system concept and synergy, focuses on key regions, important fields and key indicators, and promotes a comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development.

　　The third is to improve the quality of the ecological environment. The "Plan" clarifies the main objectives and key tasks of improving the quality of the ecological environment in 2022, and promotes the continuous improvement of the quality of the ecological environment by continuously increasing the intensity of tackling key problems and refining work measures.

　　The "Proposal" targets the central government, combines the actual situation of our province, and focuses on three pioneering and innovative battles, namely, the battle to eliminate heavy polluted weather, the battle to prevent ozone pollution, and the battle to protect the Yellow River, as well as three consolidation and upgrading battles, namely, the battle to prevent and control diesel truck pollution, the battle to control urban black and odorous water bodies, and the battle to prevent and control agricultural and rural pollution, so as to further quantify our province’s key objectives and tasks this year. In terms of atmosphere, the annual average concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in ambient air in the province is controlled below 51 μ g/m3, the annual average concentration of inhalable particulate matter (PM10) is controlled below 85 μ g/m3, the proportion of days with excellent ambient air quality is not less than 64.2%, and the proportion of days with heavy pollution is controlled below 3.0%. In terms of water, the annual target of surface water environmental quality issued by the state and determined by our province has been completed. The water quality compliance rate of centralized drinking water sources in cities above the county level has reached 100% (except for high natural background value), and the water quality of Taocha water intake of Danjiangkou Reservoir in the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project has reached Class II. In terms of soil, the safe utilization rate of polluted cultivated land is over 95%, and the safe utilization of key construction land is effectively guaranteed. The proportion of V-type water in the national examination area of groundwater is controlled within 25%. In agriculture and rural areas, 1,200 new administrative villages have completed rural environmental improvement, and the rural domestic sewage treatment rate has reached 36%. The rural domestic garbage collection, transportation and disposal system covers all villages and operates stably; The utilization rate of chemical fertilizer and pesticide for main crops reached 41% and 40.8%, respectively.The recovery rate of agricultural film is stable above 90%, and the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock manure is maintained above 82%.

　　III. Key tasks of the Program

　　The "Program" defined 101 key tasks in 27 aspects of the four major pollution prevention and control battles, including air, water, soil and agriculture and rural areas.

　　In-depth fight against air pollution mainly includes: adjusting and optimizing industrial structure, promoting green and low-carbon transformation and development, and resolutely curbing projects with high energy consumption and high emissions; Deeply adjust the energy structure, promote clean production and low-carbon and efficient use of energy, and accelerate the formation of a green and low-carbon lifestyle; Continuously adjust the transportation institutions and fight the tough battle of diesel truck management; Optimize and adjust the land use structure, strengthen the control of non-point source pollution, and improve the control level of dust, open-pit mines, fireworks and firecrackers, agriculture, etc. Strengthen the control of volatile organic compounds, fight the tough battle of ozone pollution prevention and control, and speed up the short board of ozone pollution control; Strengthen regional joint prevention and control, and fight hard to eliminate heavy pollution weather; Strengthen basic capacity building and continuously promote the modernization of atmospheric environmental governance system and governance capacity.

　　In-depth fight against water pollution, it mainly includes: continuing to fight the battle against urban black and odorous water bodies, consolidating and improving the effectiveness of black and odorous water bodies in the built-up areas of provincial cities, and preventing black and odorous; Continue to promote the investigation and treatment of black and odorous water bodies in the built-up area of the county. Efforts will be made to fight the tough battle of ecological protection and management of the Yellow River, carry out investigation and rectification of sewage outlets and comprehensive management of water environment, and eliminate the inferior category V in the national examination section. Strengthen the prevention and control of water environmental risks, and prepare the emergency disposal plan of "one river, one policy and one map" to consolidate and improve the level of drinking water safety. Promote the management and restoration of the ecological environment of rivers and lakes, create "beautiful rivers and lakes", and improve the quality of water ecological environment.

　　In-depth fight against soil pollution mainly includes: deepening the detailed investigation of soil pollution, strengthening the prevention and control of soil pollution sources, and comprehensively improving the supervision ability of solid waste; Prevent new soil pollution in industrial and mining enterprises and promote green upgrading of industrial enterprises; Implement classified management of agricultural land according to law and strictly implement the early warning system of cultivated land soil; Effectively control the soil pollution risk of construction land, and promote the control and restoration of soil pollution risk; Strengthen the coordinated prevention and control of soil and groundwater pollution, and implement measures to meet or maintain water quality standards; Improve the ability of soil environmental supervision, strengthen the construction of institutional mechanisms and scientific and technological support.

　　In-depth fight against pollution in agriculture and rural areas mainly includes: strengthening overall planning, zoning and classifying policies, and scientifically promoting agricultural domestic sewage treatment; Highlight both the symptoms and the root causes, systematically manage the source, and promote the long-term clean-up of black and odorous water bodies in rural areas; Further promote rural environmental improvement and consolidate the effectiveness of rural environmental improvement; Implement the actions of reducing and increasing the efficiency of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and recycling agricultural films; Strengthen the prevention and control of aquaculture pollution, strengthen the supervision and guidance of agricultural non-point source pollution control, and promote the green and low-carbon development of agriculture.

　　Focusing on the realization of the goal of tackling key problems in pollution prevention and control in 2022, the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment will intensify innovation in technology, policy and management to improve the modernization level of ecological environment management. Comprehensive use of legal, economic, administrative and other policy tools, increase the basic capacity building of ecological environmental protection, promote the completion of shortcomings in environmental infrastructure, and improve the effectiveness of ecological environmental supervision and law enforcement. Deepen the effectiveness assessment of the tough battle against pollution, and comprehensively use various means to urge the municipal and county governments to implement territorial responsibilities. Intensify publicity, strengthen contact and communication with the central and provincial major media and new media, vigorously promote public participation in atmospheric environmental protection, and unite the joint efforts to fight the battle against pollution. thank you

　　Chang Yiyuan, Director of Press Release Office of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee

　　thank you Now welcome all journalists and friends to ask questions on issues of concern. Please also inform your news organization before asking questions.

　　Henan Daily reporter

　　As mentioned in the release just now, the "Proposal" will focus on three landmark battles: eliminating heavy polluted weather, preventing ozone pollution and controlling diesel truck pollution, so as to promote the continuous improvement of ambient air quality. Excuse me, what are the specific promotion measures? Thank you.

　　Zhou Feng, Director of Atmospheric Ecological Environment Division of Provincial Ecological Environment Department.

　　Thank you for your question. It is a major decision made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council to fight the blue sky defense war. In recent years, through the unremitting efforts of the whole province, the ambient air quality in our province has been significantly improved, and the people’s sense of happiness and gain in the blue sky has been significantly enhanced. However, compared with the national standards and people’s expectations, the air pollution problems in key areas and areas in our province are still outstanding, the air quality indicators of PM10, PM2.5 and excellent days are still at a high level, and the heavily polluted weather in autumn and winter is still high and frequent; Ozone pollution has become increasingly prominent, which has become the primary factor leading to excessive air quality in some cities in summer; The pollution of diesel trucks has not been effectively solved, and mobile sources have become one of the main sources of nitrogen oxide emissions, contributing greatly to PM2.5 pollution in autumn and winter and ozone pollution in summer. In order to implement the relevant requirements of "Opinions of the State Council City, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Province on Deepening the Fight against Pollution", in accordance with the unified arrangements of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment adheres to the problem orientation, deeply analyzes the situation of air pollution prevention and control in the province, and focuses on three landmark battles of eliminating heavy pollution weather, ozone pollution prevention and control, and diesel truck pollution control, which are based on the present and long-term. In conjunction with relevant departments, the Implementation Plan for Fighting against Air Pollution in Henan Province in 2022 was formulated and issued, which clarified 37 key measures in eight aspects, focused on solving outstanding environmental problems that people care about, and strived to achieve new breakthroughs in key areas, important fields and key indicators. Focus on the following measures:

　　The first is to promote the green transformation and upgrading of the industry. Actively support the development of strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation, environmental protection and new energy, and resolutely curb the blind construction of projects with high energy consumption and high emissions; Continue to promote the relocation of heavily polluting enterprises, implement the dynamic "zero clearing" of backward production capacity and "scattered pollution" enterprises, and actively promote the closure and integration of backward coal-fired small thermal power units (including self-provided power plants) within a reasonable radius of heating for cogeneration units above 300,000 kilowatts; Implement the comprehensive improvement project of traditional industrial clusters, and guide the transformation, upgrading and integration of industrial furnaces such as gas producer, cupola and brick kiln.

　　The second is to promote clean and low-carbon energy transformation. Optimize the energy supply structure, vigorously develop new and renewable energy sources, and implement energy-saving and carbon-reducing transformation projects for key energy-using units; Carry out comprehensive management of scattered and inefficient coal, increase the substitution of loose coal in civil and agricultural fields, solidly promote the clearing of loose coal in plain areas, accelerate the "double reform" of replacing coal with electricity in tobacco curing barn and edible fungi enterprises in the province, and strictly prevent the re-burning of loose coal; Vigorously promote energy-saving transformation and cleaner production, completely eliminate coal-fired boilers with a capacity of 35 tons/hour or less, and encourage industrial furnaces and kilns that use highly polluting fuels to switch to clean and low-carbon energy such as industrial waste heat, electric energy and natural gas.

　　The third is to build a clean and low-carbon transportation system. Accelerate the construction of special railway lines and vigorously promote the railway or waterway transportation of bulk goods such as coal, ore, coke and building materials (including sand and gravel aggregates); Focusing on the use of vehicles in the public domain, we will actively promote the new energy utilization of buses, municipal sanitation, urban logistics, postal express, muck and cement tankers in urban built-up areas of provincial cities, and improve the green and low-carbon level of motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery; We will steadily push forward the elimination of diesel trucks and gas trucks with emission standards below the national standard 4 and complete the elimination of diesel trucks and gas trucks with emission standards below the national standard 3.

　　The fourth is to deepen pollution control in key industries. Accelerate the ultra-low emission transformation of steel, cement and coking industries, and continue to implement differentiated electricity price policies; Deepen the pollution control of coal-fired power plants, flat glass, refractories, metal smelting, brick kilns, ceramics, carbon, lime and other industries, establish and dynamically update the list of full-caliber furnaces and kilns, and implement the refined management of "one furnace and one policy"; Carry out a comprehensive upgrading project for inefficient treatment facilities, establish a list of inefficient treatment facilities such as dust removal and desulfurization integration, simple alkali desulfurization, simple ammonia desulfurization and denitrification, and wet denitrification, and complete the upgrading within a time limit; Strengthen the "cultivation project" of performance grading in key industries, guide and help enterprises to "reach the standard gradient", and scientifically implement precise and differentiated control measures.

　　Fifth, strengthen the comprehensive management of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Promote the replacement of raw and auxiliary materials in automobile manufacturing, industrial painting, packaging and printing, furniture manufacturing, steel structure manufacturing, construction machinery and other industries, carry out the clean-up and rectification of simple and inefficient VOCs treatment facilities, and strengthen the whole process management of VOCs at the source, process and end; Carry out comprehensive improvement of VOCs-related industrial clusters, formulate a "one park, one policy" promotion plan, encourage and support parks and clusters with concentrated coating process enterprises, large amount of activated carbon and large amount of organic solvents, and make overall planning and construction of centralized coating centers, centralized activated carbon recycling treatment centers and organic solvent recovery centers; Strengthen the control of VOCs in the whole process of oil storage, transportation and marketing, establish a normalized oil product supervision and inspection mechanism, and severely investigate and deal with acts that undermine the sealing of tank cars during unloading, oil distribution, transportation and parking.

　　Sixth, strengthen the control of non-point source pollution. Implement inventory dynamic management of key pollution sources of dust, vigorously promote the cleaning and cleaning of urban public roads, effectively improve the cleaning and cleaning effect of national and provincial roads, county and township roads, urban-rural junctions and back streets and alleys, and improve the dust monitoring and evaluation system; We will continue to strengthen the ban on burning straw and fireworks and firecrackers, strengthen the comprehensive control of odor pollution in sewage treatment, garbage disposal, livestock and poultry breeding, rubber, plastic products, food processing and other industries, and solve outstanding environmental problems reflected by the people.

　　Seventh, effectively deal with heavy polluted weather. Improve the joint consultation mechanism of regional air quality forecast and strengthen the joint prevention and control of regional air pollution; Focus on key areas, key areas and key time periods, and establish a closed-loop management mechanism to deal with heavy polluted weather by locking in high-value areas of air quality indicators, analyzing key points, tracing the source, prescribing and promoting governance, and improving quality; Standardize the workflow of early warning, start-up, response and cancellation of heavily polluted weather, comprehensively implement performance grading and differentiated management and control of key industries, strengthen standardized management of emergency emission reduction lists, and achieve "good air quality and low production impact".

　　Eighth is to consolidate basic capacity building. Carry out scientific and technological research on coordinated prevention and control of PM2.5 and ozone, accelerate the construction of "six factors" air automatic monitoring stations in key townships (towns), improve the integrated monitoring system of "heaven, earth and air", expand the automatic monitoring scope of industrial pollution sources, and promote the construction of online monitoring system for ammonia emission; Widely use scientific and technological means such as online monitoring of pollution sources, blue sky guards, satellite remote sensing, hotspot grid and navigation monitoring, and take off-site supervision as an important way of daily law enforcement inspection; Improve the efficiency of supervision and law enforcement, carry out special law enforcement inspection actions for coordinated control of PM2.5 and ozone, severely investigate and punish abnormal operation of automatic monitoring equipment and falsification of monitoring data according to law, and promote enterprises to abide by the law.

　　During the "Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the "Blue Sky Defence War" entered a new stage of precise haze control, focusing on three landmark battles: heavy pollution weather elimination, ozone pollution prevention and control, and diesel truck pollution control, and strengthening the coordinated control of regional air pollution, which has been a long-term contribution and continued to exert its strength, constantly enhancing the people’s sense of blue sky and white clouds and happiness. thank you

　　Henan Radio and Television Station, Elephant Journalist

　　We have noticed that this year’s "Implementation Plan for Water Pollution Prevention and Control" proposes to create "beautiful rivers and lakes". What are the main considerations? In addition, what plans and plans are there to create beautiful rivers and lakes? Thank you.

　　Li Li, Director of Water Eco-environment Division of Provincial Eco-environment Department

　　Thank you for your question. As you mentioned, our province will carry out the creation of "beautiful rivers and lakes", mainly based on the following considerations:

　　On the one hand, it is the need for our province to fight the tough battle of water pollution prevention and control. In recent years, our province has thoroughly implemented the decision-making arrangements made by the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on deepening the battle against pollution, and continuously improved the quality of water ecological environment in the province, and achieved positive results. In 2021, among the 160 surface water quality monitoring sections in our province, 127 were Class I-III water quality monitoring sections, accounting for 79.9%, 6.1 percentage points higher than the national target; There is no inferior V water quality section, and the water environment quality continues to improve. However, it should also be noted that the water conservation function is damaged, the ecological buffer zone of rivers and lakes is invaded and destroyed, the wetland area is shrinking, the aquatic ecosystem is degraded, and the aquatic biodiversity is declining. The aquatic ecological situation has become a prominent shortcoming for further building beautiful rivers and lakes. Therefore, after the breakthrough in water pollution prevention and control, it is conditional and necessary to provide more high-quality public ecological products for the people through the creation of beautiful rivers and lakes, and further improve the water ecological environment and urban quality.

　　On the other hand, it is the need to implement the national water pollution prevention and control policy. During the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, China’s water ecological environment protection has expanded from the water environment to the overall planning of water resources, water ecology and water environment, and implemented the management of grass and sand systems in landscape forests, fields and lakes. The focus of work has changed from water quality improvement to water ecological protection, and the protection and construction of beautiful rivers and lakes is one of the important measures. In 2021, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment launched the first collection of outstanding cases of beautiful rivers and lakes, and submitted more than 130 cases nationwide. After layers of screening, 18 cases of beautiful rivers and lakes were finally identified nationwide, and Qihe (Hebi section) in our province was among them, which explored the way for the protection and construction of beautiful rivers and lakes in water-deficient areas in the north, provided referential and replicable experience for water-deficient areas, and also made a good start for the creation of beautiful rivers and lakes in our province.

　　At present, the work of beautiful rivers and lakes in our province is still in its infancy, and there is still a lack of relevant technical guidance and normative support for the establishment standards and evaluation indicators of beautiful rivers and lakes. At the end of last year, the "14th Five-Year Plan for Water Security and Water Ecological Environment Protection in Henan Province" was issued, which clearly stated "to promote the creation and protection of beautiful rivers and lakes, actively explore the establishment system of beautiful rivers and lakes, and study the evaluation indicators and standards of provincial beautiful rivers and lakes". This year, our province will step up the construction of the index system for the construction of beautiful rivers and lakes and the research and formulation of the selection methods for beautiful rivers and lakes, introduce the selection methods for provincial beautiful rivers and lakes as soon as possible, promote the selection of provincial beautiful rivers and lakes, and publish a number of provincial beautiful rivers and lakes every year. At the same time, actively participate in the collection of outstanding cases of national beautiful rivers and lakes, invite relevant experts to give technical guidance on the basis of voluntary reporting in various places, and jointly with relevant units, carry out on-site verification, evaluation and scoring, and publicly solicit opinions in accordance with the relevant requirements of national beautiful rivers and lakes selection, and then report the best to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment. Through the activities of creating beautiful rivers and lakes, we will continue to promote the utilization of water resources, water ecological protection and water environment management, effectively control the discharge of various pollutants in the basin, and achieve a fundamental improvement or stability in water quality; Accelerate the transformation of high water consumption development mode and the utilization of regional recycled water, and ensure the ecological flow (water level) of rivers and lakes; The ecosystem of rivers and lakes is good, the eco-environmental functions of rivers and lakes and their buffer zones are maintained or restored, the coverage rate of aquatic vegetation reaches an appropriate level, and biodiversity is effectively protected; A long-term supervision mechanism for rivers and lakes has been gradually established.The ecological service function and the value of ecological products have been continuously improved, and efforts have been made to create a number of exemplary beautiful rivers and lakes, restore the rivers and lakes with smooth rivers, clear lakes, green shores and beautiful scenery, and establish a number of beautiful business cards with their own characteristics, so that the construction of beautiful rivers and lakes can become the forerunner of high-quality development in Henan Province and write a brilliant chapter of the Central Plains in the new era. thank you

　　China Environmental News reporter

　　We have noticed that it is mentioned in the "Plan" that the risk of soil pollution in construction land should be effectively controlled, especially the land whose use is changed to residential, public management and public service land has become the focus of management. Excuse me, what are the specific measures for control? How will we ensure the safety of the living environment and let the people "live with peace of mind"? Thank you.

　　Liu Shuqiang, Director of Soil Ecological Environment Division of Provincial Ecological Environment Department.

　　Thank you very much for your question. Ensuring the safe use of construction land and letting people live in peace of mind is an important ecological environment product related to people’s livelihood. With the acceleration of urbanization in our province, the scale of planned construction land will continue to increase, and chemical production enterprises in densely populated areas will gradually relocate. Once the construction land is polluted, it will be difficult, long-term, costly and there will be environmental risks in development and utilization. Therefore, the management of construction land is an important content of the pure land defense. This year, under the strong leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, together with natural resources, agriculture and rural areas, we will continue to fight the tough battle of soil pollution prevention and control, adhere to prevention first, protection first, classified management and risk control, always put the vital interests of the people first, comprehensively improve the management level of soil environment, and ensure the safe use of construction land to be effectively guaranteed. Focus on the following three measures: First, implement directory management according to law. Strictly implement the soil law, and implement the risk management and control of soil pollution in construction land and the list system of remediation. At present, there are 625 suspected contaminated plots in our province that have completed the pollution investigation, and 10 contaminated plots that are determined to be risky and unacceptable to human health are included in the list. The plots listed in the list shall not be used as residential, public management and public service land. Those who meet the requirements of risk control or remediation can only be developed and utilized after the person responsible for soil pollution and the land use right holder can apply for removal from the list. The second is to strictly implement risk management and control. Focusing on the land whose use is changed to residential, public management and public service land,Promote the responsible subject to carry out the investigation of soil pollution. Strictly control the use of polluted plots, strictly control the planned use of heavily polluted plots in pesticide, chemical and other industries, and encourage them to be used to expand ecological space if they really need to be developed and utilized. Strengthen risk management and supervision of remediation projects, resolutely crack down on illegal disposal of contaminated soil in transit, and effectively control secondary pollution in the process of remediation of contaminated plots. The third is to prevent new soil pollution. According to the regulations on the management of the list of key pollutant discharge units, 1012 key soil pollution supervision units were updated this year, and they were urged to implement legal obligations such as hidden danger investigation and self-monitoring. Promote the green transformation of iron and steel, petrochemical, chemical, leather, non-ferrous metal mining and smelting, electroplating and other industries. Enterprises that find problems in hidden danger investigation can implement pipeline and sealing transformation according to the situation, reduce leakage and prevent soil pollution from the source. thank you

　　Yang Guangwang reporter

　　There are many villages in Henan province with various forms, and the treatment of domestic sewage has always been the key and difficult point in the improvement of rural human settlements. Excuse me, how do we consider the next step in promoting the treatment of rural domestic sewage in the province? Thank you.

　　Wang Chaojun, member of the Party Group and Deputy Director of the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment.

　　Thank you for your questions. The people’s yearning for a better life is our goal. With the continuous promotion of the rural revitalization strategy, agriculture has become stronger, farmers have become rich and the countryside has become beautiful. However, the people’s requirements for the living environment are getting higher and higher, especially for domestic sewage treatment, toilet renovation and garbage removal.

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council issued "Opinions on Deepening the Fight against Pollution", which put forward clear requirements for the treatment of rural domestic sewage, which is an important part of improving rural living environment.

　　In recent years, under the leadership of the provincial party committee and the provincial government, the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment has closely focused on the rural revitalization strategy, combined with the situation of Henan Province, and actively explored new governance paths oriented to source reduction, classified disposal and resource utilization. Up to now, the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage in our province has reached 34%, ranking in the forefront of central and western provinces; During the 14th Five-Year Plan, we plan to increase the rural domestic sewage treatment rate by three percentage points every year. By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the rural domestic sewage treatment rate in our province will reach 45%.

　　Since the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan", 10,607 villages in our province have completed environmental renovation. The renovated villages must meet the following three standards: first, the treatment rate of rural domestic sewage is over 60%, second, the treatment rate of black and odorous water bodies is over 80%, and third, the completion rate of standardized renovation of centralized drinking water sources is over 80%. Up to now, the renovated villages in our province account for about 23.3% of the 45,000 administrative villages in the province. Through unremitting efforts in recent years, This year, we will focus on four aspects:

　　The first is to improve the governance system. Adhere to the integration of urban and rural areas, take the city as the driving force, and guide all localities to accelerate the construction of a governance system led by the county-level government+the construction and operation of professional companies+the unified supervision of the ecological and environmental departments. Pay attention to the promising government and effective market, encourage all localities to rely on urban sewage treatment plants or select professional companies to be responsible for the operation and maintenance of rural domestic sewage construction, promote the unified planning, unified construction, unified operation and unified management of rural domestic sewage treatment, and continuously improve the unified, professional and market-oriented level of rural domestic sewage treatment.

　　The second is to highlight key areas. In line with the development trend of new urbanization, our province is considering giving priority to rectification in five aspects: First, the township government is located, and the township government must implement centralized treatment of domestic sewage. Up to now, there are still 608 towns and villages in our province that have not achieved centralized treatment of sewage, and the province requires that by the end of next year, the 1,788 towns and villages in the province must achieve full coverage of domestic sewage treatment facilities; Second, there are primary and secondary protected areas on both sides of the main canal of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project. According to statistics, there are still 774 villages in the primary and secondary protected areas on both sides of the main canal of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project with imperfect sewage treatment facilities, so we should increase the control efforts in stages. Third, along the main and tributaries of the Yellow River. According to statistics, there are 55 township governments located along the main and tributaries of the Yellow River that have not built centralized sewage treatment facilities. The province requires that construction must be started this year and completed in the first half of next year. Fourth, the urban-rural fringe; Fifth, scenic spots.

　　The third is to adhere to local conditions. Guide all localities to fully consider their own level of economic and social development, and do not go beyond the development stage to engage in large-scale financing and construction, or blindly copy the urban model to seek foreign countries. Do what is accurate first, wait for what is not, and strive for progress steadily, seeking good but not seeking fast. Sewage treatment should be centralized and decentralized, and the technical mode with low cost, simple maintenance and effective treatment should be optimized, and the sewage resource utilization combined with agricultural production should be actively promoted. Villages around the town should be brought into the urban sewage pipe network for centralized treatment; Villages with high population concentration and high water quality discharge requirements adjacent to drinking water sources should be treated centrally; Villages with scattered residence and less sewage production can focus on improving toilets and realize local recycling.

　　The fourth is to strengthen operational management and protection. We will focus on the classified rectification and upgrading of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities that are not operating normally, combine problem rectification with sound long-term mechanism and post-disaster reconstruction, and establish "three accounts" for facilities that have been upgraded and upgraded, facilities that have not been upgraded and facilities that have been damaged by water, with one station, one meter, account and sales number, and classified policies. We will promote the establishment and improvement of the operation and maintenance management mechanism of sewage facilities in various places through problem rectification, and strive to achieve a normal operation rate of 90% by the end of 2023 and after 2019.

　　Although some achievements have been made, our province is a big agricultural province, with a large rural population, weak foundation and little security, which needs to be further strengthened. Taking this opportunity, I also hope that all sectors of society will continue to support, care and help the rural domestic sewage treatment work in our province and make the rural construction in our province more beautiful and livable. Thank you!

　　Chang Yiyuan, Director of Press Release Office of Propaganda Department of Provincial Party Committee

　　Thank you for your questions, and thank you for your detailed introduction! That’s all for today’s on-site questions. If you have any other questions you need to know, you can contact the Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment after the conference.

　　Dear friends, a good ecological environment is not only natural wealth, but also economic wealth, which is related to the potential and stamina of economic and social development. Through today’s press conference, I believe everyone knows that the Plan not only provides strategic support for our province to fight for the defense of blue sky, clear water and pure land with high standards, but also has great significance for ensuring the high-quality construction and modernization of Henan during the 14 th Five-Year Plan period. Here, I hope that the news media can continue to pay attention to the construction of ecological civilization in our province, vigorously publicize the highlights and achievements of the construction of a strong ecological province, guide the society to form an ecological protection pattern in which everyone participates and builds together, and create a good atmosphere for building a beautiful Henan where man and nature coexist harmoniously.

　　This concludes today’s press conference. Thank you again, journalists and friends! Thank you publishers! Goodbye.

Original Ugliness & Strong Bureau Cat Teacher’s Patent Analysis Visualized in Topic # 28 Patent Analysis Methods and Tools

The country/region where the technology is applied for for the first time refers to which country/region the patented technology was put forward by the applicant, which is usually determined according to the country information in the priority number. The number of patent applications filed by the first-time applicant country/region reflects the country/region’s patent technology innovation ability and activity to a certain extent, which is often used to evaluate the overall technical strength, competitive position and development stage of the country/region in macro analysis.

01

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Analysis of technical sources of global patent applications in countries or regions

When analyzing the situation of technology source, usually, the countries/regions with relatively high technical strength are initially delineated through ranking analysis, or the global strength positioning of the countries/regions specially selected for the purpose of analysis is determined. However, only by comparing the total amount of applications of each country/region, it is impossible to distinguish between "thin dead camel" and "new aristocrat", and it is also impossible to distinguish between "paper strength" and "real strength".

For the former, by increasing the time dimension, we can deeply observe the changing trend of patent applications from various technical sources, so as to find out whether the output climax of its patented technological achievements has passed or is in progress, so as to find out the countries with the most development potential or positive development momentum. In addition to the annual change, which is the most direct display method, data can also be converted. For example, the average annual growth rate of patent applications from various technology sources is calculated to compare the growth of patent applications in different places. If the average annual growth rate is greater than 0, the patent applications in this country/region show an increasing trend; if the average annual growth rate is less than 0, the patent applications in this country/region show a downward trend, thus showing the acceleration of the output of patented technological achievements more intuitively.

For the latter, it is usually necessary to use other evaluation indicators related to the quality of applications to more accurately characterize the height of technological innovation and the strength of scientific research and development, such as the number of citations, the number of families, the number of multilateral applications, the possibility of obtaining rights, and whether there are related products on the market. However, it is worth noting that there are many kinds of indicators that can be used to characterize the application quality, especially the connotation of each indicator does not have a recognized and unified definition. Therefore, in patent analysis, the appropriate types of indicators should be selected mainly according to the characteristics of the analyzed fields and data, and the corresponding definitions should be given in the analysis report.

Case 1: Analysis of the main sources of assistive devices and technologies for the visually and hearing impaired.

The number of applications from major sources in the field of assistive devices and technologies for the visually and hearing impaired and their changing trends.

Chart source: WIPO patent landscape report on assistive devices and technologies for visually and hearing affected persons.

From 2007 to 2011, among the main technical sources in the field of assistive devices and technologies for visually and hearing-impaired people, the United States ranked first, with 13,581 applications; Followed by Japan, with 8249 applications; Although China ranks third, the number of applications is only 2,691, which is not far from the top two countries, such as the United States and Japan. It shows that in the field of assistive devices and technologies for the visually impaired and hearing impaired, the national strength is obviously unbalanced, and there is a big difference between echelons. The United States is strong and stands out, and few countries can compete with it.

However, from the perspective of growth rate, the number of applications in this field in China, South Korea and the United Kingdom is increasing, while the growth rate of applications in other countries and regions has declined, especially in Australia, Germany and the United States, indicating that China is making rapid development in this field, which belongs to the rising period of technology research and development. Although its current strength is still insufficient, its future can be expected.

Case 2: Application trend of global patent application sources in artificial intelligence field

Ranking of the number of first-time applications accepted by the world’s major acceptance bureaus in the field of artificial intelligence

Chart source: WIPO Technology Trends 2019: Artificial Intelligence

In the field of artificial intelligence, the number of patented technologies in China is slightly better than that in the United States, ranking first in the world, while Japan and South Korea rank third and fourth respectively. However, there is a certain gap in the total number of applications compared with China and the United States, and the top 10 major countries/regions account for 97% of all AI patent applications (with 328,935 patent families), while the top four countries (China, Japan, South Korea and the United States) together account for 80% of the total. It can be seen that there are not many countries/regions that can compete in the field of artificial intelligence at present.

Changes in the number of first-time applications accepted by the world’s major acceptance bureaus in the field of artificial intelligence

Chart source: WIPO Technology Trends 2019: Artificial Intelligence

A further analysis of the time distribution of applications shows that Japan and the United States reached the threshold of accepting 200 applications in 1979 and 1986 respectively, while China only reached this threshold in 2002, with a time lag of about 20 years compared with the United States and Japan, but it has grown extremely rapidly in recent years, with an exponential growth trend in the past 10 years. Since 2013, the number of first-time applications in China has surpassed that in the United States, and the average annual growth rate of first-time applications since 2013 is as high as 43%. By 2016, the number of first-time applications in the AI field in China has reached 33,000.

On the contrary, although Japan was one of the first countries to innovate in the field of AI (in the early 1980s), the number of its applications has remained relatively stable in recent years after a brief decline from 1982 to 1986 and a rapid increase from 1986 to 1991. Applications in the United States also appeared earlier (in the mid-1980s), and have been growing continuously since then, except for the fluctuations in the number of applications during 2000 -2002 and 2008 -2012 due to economic impact. The growth rate of applications in South Korea was significantly accelerated around 2002, while PCT patent applications grew strongly after 2010.

Multi-index dimension analysis of global patent application source in artificial intelligence field

Chart source: WIPO Technology Trends 2019: Artificial Intelligence

Comprehensive analysis is made by using three indicators: at least one authorization, high-frequency cited patent family and multilateral application.

At least one authorization: Families with at least one grant, that is, at least one patent in the same family has been granted a patent right, reflecting the innovation of the technology involved);

High-frequency cited patent families: Highly cited families, that is, patent families that have been cited for at least 20 times by later published patent applications, reflect the importance of the technology involved;

Multilateral application: Extension share, that is, a patent family that has entered more than two countries or regions, indicates that it hopes to commercialize inventions in multiple markets.

It can be found that although China ranks first in the number of patent applications in the field of artificial intelligence, if the above three indicators are considered, its ranking will drop significantly: only 4% of China applicants will subsequently enter other countries after submitting their patent applications for the first time, while the proportion of applicants from other countries has reached 25%-63%; In terms of the number of at least one patent family authorized by the same family, China ranks third among the five bureaus; Ranked first from the bottom in the number of patent families cited in high frequency. The reasons for this phenomenon may be that China applicants are more interested in the domestic market than overseas markets, and China applicants submitted their applications in this field relatively late, so the number of authorizations and the frequency of citations are relatively low.

Case 3: Comparison of patent application structure of main technical sources of silicon carbide preparation technology

Comparison of national patent application structure (multilateral application and non-multilateral application) of main technical sources of silicon carbide preparation technology

Chart Source: China National Intellectual Property Administration Academic Committee. Industrial Patent Analysis Report (Volume 67) Third Generation Semiconductor [M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Press, 2019.

By comparing the patent application structures of the main technical sources of silicon carbide preparation technology, it can be seen that the total number of applications for silicon carbide in China is 5772, but only 612 are multilateral applications, accounting for only 10.7% of the total; The total number of applications for silicon carbide in the United States is 6,175, of which 3,699 are multilateral applications, accounting for 59.9% of the total. Although there are a large number of patent applications in China, they are mainly concentrated in the domestic market, and there are few overseas patent applications, which may lead to the lack of adequate patent protection and huge patent risks for China enterprises when they enter overseas markets; However, the United States, Japan and South Korea have more multilateral applications, which can provide a strong guarantee for the healthy development of overseas markets, except that their own countries attach great importance to overseas market applications. Among them, the patent application structure refers to the proportion of multilateral applications and non-multilateral applications, while multilateral applications refer to patent families entering more than three countries.

02

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Analysis on the technical sources of China’s application.

For patent applications in China, the country/region of technology origin or the province/city of technology origin is usually analyzed in the process of patent analysis, but the country of technology origin and the province of technology origin are actually two completely different perspectives. Since China patent applications from other countries/regions in China only account for a part of the patent technology achievements, the ranking of China patent applications from other countries/regions can not truly reflect their actual technical strength, but only reflect their willingness and ability to obtain patents for the China market, that is, the strength of patent layout. In contrast, influenced by the traditional patent application habits and the provisions of Article 20 of the Patent Law on confidentiality review, domestic applicants usually give priority to filing patent applications in China for their technologies, so the number of patent applications from provinces/cities with technology sources can usually truly reflect the patent technology research and development capabilities of each province/city.

Case 4: The distribution of patent applicants in China in 4：FinFET field.

Distribution of patent applicants in China in FinFET field by provinces, cities and regions

Chart Source: Yang Tiejun. Industrial Patent Analysis Report (Volume 40) High-end General Chip [M]. Beijing: Intellectual Property Press, 2016.

Among China applicants in FinFET technology field, Taiwan Province ranks first. TSMC and Lianhua Electronics from Taiwan Province are world-renowned foundry enterprises in semiconductor field, with broad business scope and strong scientific research capabilities. TSMC, in particular, has been at the forefront of advanced semiconductor technology in recent years. Except Taiwan Province, applications from mainland China are mainly concentrated in Shanghai and Beijing. Shanghai is due to the concentration of semiconductor industry, while Beijing has more research institutes and universities. It can be seen that, like the global trend, China’s domestic industries have also been highly differentiated and gathered.

For more details, please pay attention to the Practical Manual of Patent Analysis (Second Edition).

Catalogue of this book

Chapter 1: Basic concepts, methods and application scenarios of patent analysis.

1.1 Basic concepts of patent analysis

1.2 the basic way of patent analysis

1.3 dialectical understanding of patent analysis and patent statistics

1.4 Common application scenarios of patent analysis

Chapter 2 patent analysis process and project management

2.1 the overall process of patent analysis

2.2 Preparation of resources for patent analysis

2.3 Project Management of Patent Analysis

2.4 Key links of patent analysis

2.5 Application of the Achievements of Patent Analysis Project

Chapter 3 Industry Survey

3.1 The main contents of industry survey

3.2 The main ways of industry survey

3.3 Writing of Industry Investigation Report

Chapter 4 Decomposition of Patent Technology

4.1 Overview of Patent Technology Decomposition

4.2 Process of Patent Technology Decomposition

4.3 Method of Patent Technology Decomposition

4.4 Examples of Patent Technology Decomposition

Chapter 5 Patent Analysis, Retrieval and Evaluation

5.1 Overview of Patent Analysis and Retrieval

5.2 Patent Analysis and Retrieval Process

5.3 Introduction to the Use of Patent Analysis Database

5.4 Basic retrieval strategy

5.5 Selection of retrieval elements

5.6 the construction of retrieval type

5.7 Patent Analysis, Retrieval and Evaluation

5.8 Writing of Patent Analysis and Retrieval Report

Chapter 6 Data Processing

6.1 Overview of data processing

6.2 data acquisition

6.3 data cleaning

6.4 data indexing

Chapter 7 Visualization of Patent Analysis

7.1 Overview of patent analysis visualization

7.2 Basic contents of patent analysis visualization

7.3 Visual Interpretation of Patent Analysis

Chapter 8 Patent Analysis Methods

8.1 Statistical Analysis of Description Items

8.2 Technical Indexing Item Analysis

8.3 Analysis of Rights Indexing Items

8.4 Characteristic analysis method

Chapter 9 Writing of Patent Analysis Report

9.1 Basic Process

9.2 General requirements

9.3 reporting framework

9.4 Writing of main content

Chapter 10 Conclusion

10.1 Catch the "anomaly"-what to see?

10.2 Looking for "meaning"-what to write?

10.3 Keep "Action"-Do what?

Appendix: Basic Usage of Patent Database

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Micro-signal: patent analysis visualization

Original title: Patent Analysis Method | Technology Source Analysis

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